1. A device comprising an electroluminescent copolymer comprising a light-emitting repeat unit in a polymer backbone wherein the repeat unit is conjugatively separate from the polymer backbone.
2. A device according to claim 1 wherein the electroluminescent copolymer has a luminescence emission maximum between 500 nm and 580 nm.
3. A device according to claim 1, wherein the light-emitting repeat unit is conjugatively separated from the polymer backbone by at least one of:
a twisting unit;
meta linkages; and
non-conjugating spacers.
4. A device according to claim 3, wherein the light-emitting repeat unit is conjugatively separated from the polymer backbone by an alkyl phenylene unit.
5. A device according to claim 4, wherein the light-emitting repeat unit is conjugatively separated from the polymer backbone by:
6. A device according to claim 3, wherein the light-emitting repeat unit is conjugatively separated from the polymer backbone by an ether linkage.
7. A device according to claim 1, wherein the light-emitting repeat unit comprises:
wherein Ar1 is a fused aromatic or hetero aromatic ring and each Ar2 is an aromatic or hetero aromatic ring.
8. A device according to claim 7, wherein at least one of each Ar2 is a substituted aromatic or hetero aromatic ring.
9. A device according to claim 8, wherein at least one of each Ar2 is an alkyl benzene.
10. A device according to claim 7, wherein at least one of the aromatic or hetero aromatic rings Ar2 is fused.
11. A device according to claim 7, wherein at least one of the aromatic or hetero aromatic rings Ar1, Ar2 comprises a naphthalene group.
12. A device according to claim 7, wherein Ar1 comprises an anthracene group.
13. A device according to claim 7, wherein the copolymer has the form:
wherein Ar5 and Ar6 comprise optionally substituted aryl systems and PB1 and PB2 is the polymer backbone or one of PB1 and PB2 is the polymer backbone and the other is a terminating group.
14. A device according to claim 7, wherein the copolymer has the form
wherein R2 to R5 are the same or different and are selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted alkyl, alkoxy, and aryl.
15. A device according to claim 14, wherein at least one of R2, R3, R4 and R5 is an alkyl group or an at least partially substituted alkyl group.
16. A device according to claim 15, wherein the alkyl groups are C6H13 or longer alkyl groups.
17. A device according to claim 1, wherein the light-emitting repeat unit is present in a range of from above 0 wt % to 10 wt %.
18. A full color organic light-emitting (OLED) display comprising a green emitting device according to claim 1.
19. A white light emitting device comprising a device as claimed in claim 1.
20. A method of fabricating a monomer for inclusion as an emitting region of a copolymer, in which the emitting region is conjugatively separate from the polymeric backbone, the method comprising the steps of the following synthesis:
where each R6 is an alkyl group or a substituted alkyl group.
21. A device according to claim 1 wherein the electroluminescent copolymer has a luminescence emission maximum between 510 nm and 560 nm.
22. A device according to claim 3, wherein the light-emitting repeat unit is conjugatively separated from the polymer backbone by a 1,4 alkylphenylene unit.
23. A device according to claim 1, wherein the light-emitting repeat unit is present in a range of from 1 wt % to 9 wt %.
24. A device according to claim 1, wherein the light-emitting repeat unit is present in a range of from 2 wt % to 5 wt %.
25. A device according to claim 1, wherein the light-emitting repeat unit is conjugatively separated from the polymer backbone by meta linkages.
26. A device according to claim 1, wherein the light-emitting repeat unit is conjugatively separated from the polymer backbone by non-conjugating spacers.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
What is claimed is:
1. A wide angle projection lens, comprising a Gnp lens group having positive refractive power and a Gf lens group having positive refractive power in the order from a large conjugate side toward a small conjugate side, said Gnp lens group comprising a Gn lens group having negative refractive power and a Gp lens group having positive refractive power in the order from a large conjugate side toward a small conjugate side, and said wide angle projection lens satisfying relations of the following expressions (1), (2), (3) and (4);
1.8<fnf<1.1(1) 3.2<fpf<5.5(2) 1.2<Dnpf<2.4(3) 2.8<fffnp<4.4(4)
where
f: focal length of the whole lens system
fn: focal length of said Gn lens group
fp: focal length of said Gp lens group
Dnp: air spacing between said Gn lens group and said Gp lens group
fnp: focal length of said Gnp lens group
ff: focal length of said Of lens group.
2. The wide angle projection lens according to claim 1, satisfying a relation of the following expression (5);
3.0<BFLnpfnp<4.5(5)
where
fnp: focal length of said Gnp lens group
BFLnp: back focal length of said Gnp lens group.
3. The wide angle projection lens according to claim 1, satisfying a relation of the following expression (6);
EXPnpfnp<2.0(6)
where
fnp: focal length of said Gnp lens group
EXPnp: absolute value of pupil distance on said small conjugate side of said Gnp lens group viewed from the last surface on said small conjugate side.
4. The wide angle projection lens according to claim 1, satisfying a relation of the following expression (7);
0.6<Dpfff<1.2(7)
where
ff: focal length of said Gf lens group
Dpf: air spacing between said Gp lens group and said Gf lens group.
5. The wide angle projection lens according to claim 1, satisfying a relation of the following expression (8);
0.75<(DpfEXPnp)ff<1.5(8)
where
ff: focal length of said Gf lens group
Dpf: air spacing between said Gp lens group and said Gf lens group
EXPnp: pupil distance on said small conjugate side of said Gnp lens group viewed from the last surface on said small conjugate side.
6. The wide angle projection lens according to claim 1, wherein
said Gn lens group comprises a Gn1 lens group having negative refractive power and a Gn2 lens group having negative refractive power in the order from said large conjugate side toward said small conjugate side, and said Gp lens group comprises a Gp1 lens group having positive refractive power and a Gp2 lens group having positive refractive power in the order from said large conjugate side toward said small conjugate side.
7. The wide angle projection lens according to claim 6, wherein
said Gn1 lens group comprises a first lens which is a meniscus lens with a convex surface on said large conjugate side, having negative refractive power; a second lens which is a meniscus lens with a convex surface on said large conjugate side, having negative refractive power; a third lens which is a biconvex lens having positive refractive power; a fourth lens which is a meniscus lens with a convex surface on said large conjugate side, having negative refractive power; and a fifth lens which is a biconcave lens having negative refractive power in the order from said large conjugate side toward said small conjugate side,
said Gn2 lens group comprises a sixth lens which is a biconvex lens having positive refractive power; and a seventh lens with a concave surface on said small conjugate side, having negative refractive power in the order from said large conjugate side toward said small conjugate side, and
said Gp1 lens group comprises an eighth lens with a convex surface on said large conjugate side, having positive refractive power; a ninth lens which is a meniscus lens with a convex surface on said small conjugate side, having positive refractive power; a tenth lens which is a biconcave lens having negative refractive power; and an eleventh lens which is a biconvex lens having positive refractive power and connected to said tenth lens.
8. The wide angle projection lens according to claim 6, wherein
said Gp2 lens group includes at least one aspheric surface.
9. The wide angle projection lens according to claim 6, wherein
said Gp2 lens group includes stop means.
10. The wide angle projection lens according to claim 1, wherein
said Gf lens group is made of a plano-convex lens with a convex surface on said large conjugate side.
11. The wide angle projection lens according to claim 1, wherein
said Gf lens group includes an aspheric surface.
12. The wide angle projection lens according to claim 7, satisfying relations of the following expressions (9), (10), (11), (12), (13) and (14);
1<41(9) 3<31(10) 5<32(11) n1>1.54(12) n3>1.65(13) n5>1.65(14)
where
1: Abbe number in d line of vitreous material making up said first lens
3: Abbe number in d line of vitreous material making up said second lens
5: Abbe number in d line of vitreous material making up said third lens
n1: refractive index in d line of vitreous material making up said first lens
n3: refractive index in d line of vitreous material making up said second lens
n5: refractive index in d line of vitreous material making up said third lens.
13. The wide angle projection lens according to claim 7, satisfying relations of the following expressions (15), (16), (17), (18), (19) and (20);
15<35(15) 19<33(16) 20>50(17) n15>1.60(18) n19>1.65(19) n20<1.70(20)
where
15: Abbe number in d line of vitreous material making up said eighth lens
19: Abbe number in d line of vitreous material making up said tenth lens
20: Abbe number in d line of vitreous material making up said eleventh lens
n15: refractive index in d line of vitreous material making up said eighth lens
n19: refractive index in d line of vitreous material making up said tenth lens
n20: refractive index in d line of vitreous material making up said eleventh lens.
14. A projection display device comprising:
a light source;
a reflection light valve having an image display surface;
illumination optical means leading an outgoing luminous flux from said light source to said reflection light valve; and
said wide angle projection lens as defined in any one of claims 1 to 13, enlargedly projecting a modulated luminous flux which is two-dimensionally modulated through reflection by said reflection light valve.
15. The projection display device according to claim 14, wherein
a lens closest to said reflection light valve among optical elements constituting said illumination optical means is a plano-convex lens,
said plano-convex lens is disposed proximately to said image display surface of said reflection light valve, with its plane surface facing the same, and
said plano-convex lens is also used as a Gf lens group closest to a small conjugate side among groups of lenses constituting said wide angle projection lens.
16. The projection display device according to claim 14, wherein
the intersection of said image display surface of said reflection light valve and an optical axis of said wide angle projection lens does not coincide with a center point of said image display surface.
17. The projection display device according to claim 15, wherein
said optical axis of said wide angle projection lens is parallel to a normal of said image display surface of said reflection light valve and an optical axis of lenses other than said plano-convex lens in said illumination optical means is tilted with respect to said normal of said image display surface of said reflection light valve.
18. The projection display device according to claim 14, wherein
said reflection light valve is a liquid crystal light valve.
19. The projection display device according to claim 14, wherein
said reflection light valve is made of a mirror array including a plurality of tiltable unit mirrors.