1. An operation instructing device included in a portable apparatus, said device comprising:
an area setting unit operable to set a movement detection area for a specific user, based on motion values resulting from movements unique to the user;
an instructing unit operable, when in a setting mode, to instruct a plurality of movements, the setting mode being a state in which the area setting unit is activated;
a detecting unit operable to detect, for each of the instructed movements, motion values of the portable apparatus that result from user movements in accordance with the instructed movements; and
an assigning unit operable to assign each of a plurality of operation instructions relating to a function of the portable apparatus to different sub areas of the movement detection area.
2. An operation instructing device according to claim 1, wherein
the detecting unit is a gyroscope, and
the assigning unit assigns each of the operation instructions to a different sub area, the operation instructions being for rotating a viewing direction of an image displayed on a screen of the portable apparatus, based on angular accelerations detected by the gyroscope.
3. An operation instructing device according to claim 1, wherein
the instructed movements are repeated a number of times, and include shaking movements of a strong strength and a weak strength in directions that are positive and negative along each of three axes of a three-dimensional space,
the detecting unit is a three-dimensional acceleration sensor, and
the area setting unit includes:
an average value calculating subunit operable to store, for each time that each shaking movement is repeated, a maximum value of acceleration values detected by the sensor within a predetermined time period, and to calculate an average value for each shaking movement in each direction from the stored maximum values;
a threshold calculating subunit operable to calculate, using an equation, lower and upper thresholds for each direction, based on the calculated average values for the weak and strong shaking movements in the direction; and
a setting subunit operable to set the range between the lower and upper thresholds in each direction as one of the sub areas of the movement detection area.
4. An operation instructing device according to claim 3, further comprising:
a judging unit operable to judge, when in a mode other than the setting mode, within which sub area each motion value detected by the detecting unit falls; and
an instruction outputting unit operable to output, to the portable apparatus, the operation instruction assigned to the sub area within which the detected motion value is judged to fall.
5. An operation instructing device according to claim 4, further comprising:
an updating unit operable, when the motion value deviates from any of the sub areas, and the deviation is less than a predetermined value, to shift lower and upper thresholds of the sub area by the amount of the deviation.
6. An operation instructing device according to claim 3, wherein the threshold calculating unit uses equations:
LowTh
=
AvMxAcc
\u2062
\u2062
(
dir
,
w
)
–
AvMxAcc
\u2062
\u2062
(
dir
,
s
)
–
AvMxAcc
\u2062
\u2062
(
dir
,
w
)
2
and
UpTh
=
AvMxAcc
\u2062
\u2062
(
dir
,
s
)
+
AvMxAcc
\u2062
\u2062
(
dir
,
w
)
2
,
where \u201cLowTh\u201d indicates the lower threshold, \u201cUpth\u201d indicates the upper threshold, \u201cAvMxAcc\u201d indicates the average value of maximum acceleration values, \u201cdir\u201d indicates a direction in which the user performed the movement, \u201cw\u201d indicates a weak movement, and \u201cs\u201d indicates a strong movement.
7. An operation instructing device according to claim 1, wherein
the assigning unit selects one of one-dimensional, two-dimensional, and three-dimensional movement detection areas, according to a total number and directions of the operation instructions, and assigns each of the operation instructions to a sub area in a matching direction with a direction that the assigned operation instruction indicates.
8. An operation instructing device according to claim 1, wherein
the detecting unit is a three-dimensional acceleration sensor, and
the area setting unit sets the movement detection area based on distances obtained by twice integrating acceleration values detected by the sensor.
9. A computer operation instructing program that executes an operation instructing method in which a sensor included in a portable apparatus detects motion values of the portable apparatus that result from user movements, the program comprising the steps of:
instructing a plurality of movements in a setting mode;
detecting, by the sensor, motion values of the portable apparatus that result from the user movements;
setting a movement detection area, based on motion values for each of the instructed movements;
assigning each of a plurality of operation instructions relating to a function of the portable apparatus to different sub areas of the movement detection area;
judging, when in a mode other than the setting mode, within which sub area the detected motion value falls; and
outputting, to the portable apparatus, the operation instruction assigned to the sub area within which the detected motion value is judged to fall.
10. An operation instructing method in which a sensor included in a portable apparatus detects motion values of the portable apparatus that result from user movements, the method comprising the steps of:
instructing a plurality of movements in a setting mode;
detecting, by the sensor, motion values of the portable apparatus that result from the user movements;
setting a movement detection area, based on motion values for each of the instructed movements;
assigning each of a plurality of operation instructions relating to a function of the portable apparatus to different sub areas of the movement detection area;
judging, when in a mode other than the setting mode, within which sub area the detected motion value falls; and
outputting, to the portable apparatus, the operation instruction assigned to the sub area within which the detected motion value is judged to fall.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A turbine blade comprising:
an airfoil including an airfoil outer wall extending longitudinally outwardly from a root,
pressure side and suction sides extending laterally from a leading edge to a trailing edge of the airfoil,
a squealer tip at a radially outer end of the airfoil,
the squealer tip including a radially outer tip cap attached to the airfoil outer wall,
a continuous squealer tip wall extending radially outwardly from and continuously around the tip cap forming a radially outwardly open tip cavity,
a recessed tip wall portion recessed inboard from the pressure side of the airfoil outer wall forming a tip shelf therebetween,
an internal cooling circuit extending longitudinally outwardly from the root to the tip cap bounded in part by the recessed tip wall portion, and
a plurality of film cooling shelf holes disposed through the tip shelf and extending through the recessed tip wall portion directly into the internal cooling circuit and spaced away from a junction between the recessed tip wall portion and the tip shelf.
2. A turbine blade as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
the film cooling shelf holes having shelf hole centerlines passing through pierce points in the shelf angled at compound angles with respect to vertical lines passing through the pierce points,
the compound angles have orthogonal first and second component angles,
the first component angles lie in first planes defined by the vertical lines and first coordinate lines that are normal to the vertical lines and extend between the vertical lines and the recessed tip wall portion,
the second component angles lie in second planes defined by the vertical lines and second coordinate lines that are normal to the vertical lines and normal to the first coordinate lines, and
at least a majority of the shelf hole centerlines are angled in outboard directions away from and outboard of the squealer tip wall.
3. A turbine blade as claimed in claim 2, further comprising the shelf hole centerlines being angled at the second component angles in downstream lateral directions with respect to vertical lines wherein the downstream lateral directions are normal to corresponding ones of the outboard directions and the vertical lines.
4. A turbine blade as claimed in claim 2, wherein the first component angles lie in first planes defined by the vertical lines and transverse lines which are shortest distances between the vertical lines and the recessed tip wall portion.
5. A turbine blade as claimed in claim 3, further comprising the shelf hole centerlines being spaced away from a fillet at the junction.
6. A turbine blade as claimed in claim 5, further comprising the film cooling shelf holes extending into the fillet no more than 50 percent of a fillet width of the fillet as measured along the tip shelf.
7. A turbine blade as claimed in claim 6, wherein the first component angle lies in first planes defined by the vertical lines and transverse lines which are shortest distances between the vertical lines and the recessed tip wall portion.
8. A turbine blade as claimed in claim 2, wherein the majority of first component angles are in a range between 2 degrees and 16 degrees.
9. A turbine blade as claimed in claim 8, further comprising a first plurality of the film cooling shelf holes having shelf hole centerlines with the positive first component angles in a range between 0.5 degrees and 5 degrees.
10. A turbine blade as claimed in claim 2, further comprising the pressure side of the airfoil outer wall including the recessed tip wall portion being angled away from the shelf hole centerlines in an inboard direction.
11. A turbine blade as claimed in claim 10, wherein the first component angles are in a range between 2 degrees and 16 degrees.
12. A turbine blade as claimed in claim 11, further comprising a first plurality of the film cooling shelf holes having shelf hole centerlines with the positive first component angles in a range between 0.5 degrees and 5 degrees.
13. A turbine blade as claimed in claim 2, further comprising the turbine blade made with a nickel-base superalloy having a free sulfur content less than about 1 part per million by weight.
14. A turbine blade as claimed in claim 13, further comprising the shelf hole centerlines being angled at the second component angles in downstream lateral directions with respect to vertical lines wherein the downstream lateral directions are normal to corresponding ones of the outboard directions and the vertical lines.
15. A turbine blade as claimed in claim 13, wherein the first component angles lie in first planes defined by the vertical lines and transverse lines which are shortest distances between the vertical lines and the recessed tip wall portion.
16. A turbine blade as claimed in claim 14, further comprising the shelf hole centerlines being spaced away from a fillet at the junction.
17. A turbine blade as claimed in claim 16, further comprising the film cooling shelf holes extending into the fillet no more than 50 percent of a fillet width of the fillet as measured along the tip shelf.
18. A turbine blade as claimed in claim 17, wherein the first component angle lies in first planes defined by the vertical lines and transverse lines which are shortest distances between the vertical lines and the recessed tip wall portion.
19. A turbine blade as claimed in claim 13, wherein the majority of first component angles are in a range between 2 degrees and 16 degrees.
20. A turbine blade as claimed in claim 19, further comprising a first plurality of the film cooling shelf holes having shelf hole centerlines with the positive first component angles in a range between 0.5 degrees and 5 degrees.
21. A turbine blade as claimed in claim 13, further comprising the pressure side of the airfoil outer wall including the recessed tip wall portion being angled away from the shelf hole centerlines in an inboard direction.
22. A turbine blade as claimed in claim 21, wherein the first component angles are in a range between 2 degrees and 16 degrees.
23. A turbine blade as claimed in claim 22, further comprising a first plurality of the film cooling shelf holes having shelf hole centerlines with the positive first component angles in a range between 0.5 degrees and 5 degrees.
24. A turbine blade as claimed in claim 2, further comprising a thermal barrier coating on inboard and outboard sides of the squealer tip wall, a radially outwardly facing surface of the tip cap within the squealer tip wall, and a flat top of the squealer tip wall.
25. A turbine blade as claimed in claim 24, further comprising the turbine blade made with a nickel-base superalloy having a free sulfur content less than about 1 part per million by weight.
26. A turbine blade as claimed in claim 25, further comprising the shelf hole centerlines being angled at the second component angles in downstream lateral directions with respect to vertical lines wherein the downstream lateral directions are normal to corresponding ones of the outboard directions and the vertical lines.
27. A turbine blade as claimed in claim 26, wherein the first component angles lie in first planes defined by the vertical lines and transverse lines which are shortest distances between the vertical lines and the recessed tip wall portion.
28. A turbine blade as claimed in claim 27, further comprising the shelf hole centerlines being spaced away from a fillet at the junction.
29. A turbine blade as claimed in claim 28, further comprising the film cooling shelf holes extending into the fillet no more than 50 percent of a fillet width of the fillet as measured along the tip shelf.
30. A turbine blade as claimed in claim 29, wherein the majority of first component angles are in a range between 2 degrees and 16 degrees.
31. A turbine blade as claimed in claim 30, further comprising a first plurality of the film cooling shelf holes having shelf hole centerlines with the positive first component angles in a range between 0.5 degrees and 5 degrees.
32. A turbine blade as claimed in claim 25, further comprising a plurality of chordally spaced apart tip cap supply holes extending radially through the tip cap from the cooling circuit into the tip cavity, the tip cap supply holes being located near the tip wall along the suction side of the continuous outer wall.
33. A turbine blade as claimed in claim 32, further comprising the shelf hole centerlines being angled at the second component angles in downstream lateral directions with respect to vertical lines wherein the downstream lateral directions are normal to corresponding ones of the outboard directions and the vertical lines.
34. A turbine blade as claimed in claim 33, wherein the first component angles lie in first planes defined by the vertical lines and transverse lines which are shortest distances between the vertical lines and the recessed tip wall portion.
35. A turbine blade as claimed in claim 34, further comprising the shelf hole centerlines being spaced away from a fillet at the junction.
36. A turbine blade as claimed in claim 35, further comprising the film cooling shelf holes extending into the fillet no more than 50 percent of a fillet width of the fillet as measured along the tip shelf.
37. A turbine blade as claimed in claim 36, wherein the majority of first component angles are in a range between 2 degrees and 16 degrees.
38. A turbine blade as claimed in claim 37, further comprising a first plurality of the film cooling shelf holes having shelf hole centerlines with the positive first component angles in a range between 0.5 degrees and 5 degrees.
39. A turbine blade as claimed in claim 24, further comprising the film cooling shelf holes having hole diameters in a range of about 14\u201318 mils.
40. A turbine blade as claimed in claim 39, further comprising the shelf hole centerlines being angled at the second component angles in downstream lateral directions with respect to vertical lines wherein the downstream lateral directions are normal to corresponding ones of the outboard directions and the vertical lines.
41. A turbine blade as claimed in claim 40, wherein the first component angles lie in first planes defined by the vertical lines and transverse lines which are shortest distances between the vertical lines and the recessed tip wall portion.
42. A turbine blade as claimed in claim 41, further comprising the shelf hole centerlines being spaced away from a fillet at the junction.
43. A turbine blade as claimed in claim 41, further comprising the film cooling shelf holes extending into the fillet no more than 50 percent of a fillet width of the fillet as measured along the tip shelf.
44. A turbine blade as claimed in claim 43, wherein the majority of first component angles are in a range between 2 degrees and 16 degrees.
45. A turbine blade as claimed in claim 44, further comprising a first plurality of the film cooling shelf holes having shelf hole centerlines with the positive first component angles in a range between 0.5 degrees and 5 degrees.
46. A turbine blade as claimed in claim 45, further comprising the turbine blade made with a nickel-base superalloy having a free sulfur content of less than about 1 part per million by weight.
47. A turbine blade as claimed in claim 46, further comprising a plurality of chordally spaced apart tip cap supply holes extending radially through the tip cap from the cooling circuit into the tip cavity, the tip cap supply holes being located near the tip wall along the suction side of the continuous outer wall.