1. A solid oral dosage form, comprising a combination of an opioid agonist and naltrexone or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein the combination is orally therapeutically effective for the treatment of pain and is selected from the group consisting of:
naltrexone or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and hydrocodone or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in a weight ratio of from about 0.03:1 to about 0.27:1;
naltrexone or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and oxycodone or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in a weight ratio of from about 0.037:1 to about 0.296:1;
naltrexone or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and hydromorphone or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in a weight ratio of from about 0.148:1 to about 1.185:1;
naltrexone or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and levorphanol or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in a weight ratio of from about 0.278:1 to about 2.222:1;
naltrexone or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and morphine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in a weight ratio of from about 0.018:1 to about 0.148:1.
2. The oral dosage form of claim 1, wherein the opioid agonist is hydrocodone or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
3. The oral dosage form of claim 2, wherein the ratio of naltrexone or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to hydrocodone or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is from about 0.05:1 to about 0.20:1.
4. The oral dosage form of claim 1, further comprising an additional non-opioid drug selected from the group consisting of an NSAID, a COX-2 inhibitor, acetaminophen, aspirin, an NMDA receptor antagonist, a drug that blocks a major intracellular consequence of NMDA-receptor activation, an antitussive, an expectorant, a decongestant, an antihistamine and mixtures thereof.
5. The oral dosage form of claim 1, further comprising one or more pharmaceutically acceptable inert excipients.
6. The oral dosage form of claim 1, wherein said naltrexone or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is naltrexone hydrochloride.
7. The oral dosage form of claim 1, further comprising a sustained release carrier which imparts sustained release properties to said opioid agonist.
8. The oral dosage form of claim 1, wherein said opioid agonist is oxycodone or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
9. The oral dosage form of claim 1, wherein said opioid agonist is hydromorphone or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
10. The oral dosage form of claim 1, wherein said opioid agonist is levorphanol or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
11. The oral dosage form of claim 1, wherein said opioid agonist is morphine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
12. The oral dosage form of claim 1, wherein said opioid agonist is oxycodone or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and the weight ratio of naltrexone or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to oxycodone or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is from about 0.056:1 to about 0.222:1.
13. The oral dosage form of claim 2, wherein said naltrexone or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is naltrexone hydrochloride.
14. The oral dosage form of claim 8, wherein said naltrexone or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is naltrexone hydrochloride.
15. The oral dosage form of claim 9, wherein said naltrexone or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is naltrexone hydrochloride.
16. The oral dosage form of claim 10, wherein said naltrexone or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is naltrexone hydrochloride.
17. The oral dosage form of claim 11, wherein said naltrexone or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is naltrexone hydrochloride.
18. The oral dosage form of claim 2, wherein the opioid agonist is hydrocodone bitartrate.
19. The oral dosage form of claim 9, wherein the weight ratio of naltrexone or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to hydromorphone or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is from about 0.222:1 to about 0.889:1.
20. The oral dosage form of claim 10, wherein the weight ratio of naltrexone or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to levorphanol or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is from about 0.417:1 to about 1.667:1.
21. The oral dosage form of claim 11, wherein the weight ratio of naltrexone or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to morphine or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is from about 0.028:1 to about 0.111:1.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1-17. (canceled)
18. A process for preparing propene from propane, comprising the steps:
A) providing a feed gas stream (a) comprising propane;
B) feeding said feed gas stream (a) comprising propane, and optionally steam andor an oxygenous gas stream, into a dehydrogenation zone and dehydrogenating propane to obtain a product gas stream (b) comprising propane, propene, methane, ethane, ethene, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, steam, and optionally hydrogen andor oxygen;
C) cooling, optionally compressing, and removing the steam by condensation from said product gas stream (b) to obtain a steam-depleted product gas stream (c);
D) contacting said product gas stream (c) in a first absorption zone with a selective, inert absorbent which selectively absorbs propene to obtain an absorbent stream (d1) laden substantially with propene and a gas stream (d2) comprising propane, propene, methane, ethane, ethene, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and optionally hydrogen andor oxygen;
E) optionally decompressing absorbent stream (d1) to a lower pressure in a first desorption zone to obtain an absorbent stream (e1) laden substantially with propene and a gas stream (e2) comprising propene and recycling said gas stream (e2) into said first absorption zone;
F) decompressing, heating andor stripping said absorbent streams (d1) or (e1) in at least one second desorption zone to release a gas stream (f1) comprising propene and recovering said selective absorbent.
19. The process according to claim 18, wherein said dehydrogenation is carried out as an oxidative or nonoxidative dehydrogenation.
20. The process according to claim 18, wherein said dehydrogenation is carried out adiabatically or isothermally.
21. The process according to claim 18, wherein said dehydrogenation is carried out in a fixed bed reactor, moving bed reactor or fluidized bed reactor.
22. The process according to claim 18, wherein said feed gas stream (a) comprising an oxygenous gas stream, said oxygenous gas stream comprising at least 90% by volume of oxygen.
23. The process according to claim 22, wherein said dehydrogenation is carried out as an autothermal dehydrogenation.
24. The process according to claim 18, wherein a portion of said gas stream (f1) is recycled into said first absorption zone
25. The process according to claim 18, wherein said selective absorbent is selected from the group consisting of NMP, NMPwater mixtures comprising up to 20% by weight of water, m-cresol, acetic acid, methylpyrazine, dibromomethane, DMF, propylene carbonate, N-formylmorpholine, ethylene carbonate, formamide, malononitrile, gamma-butyrolactone, nitrobenzene, DMSO, sulfolane, pyrrole, lactic acid, acrylic acid, 2-chloropropionic acid, triallyl trimellitate, tris(2-ethylhexyl) trimellitate, dimethyl phthalate, dimethyl succinate, 3-chloropropionic acid, morpholine, acetonitrile, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolinium octylsulfate, ethylmethylimidazolinium tosylate, adiponitrile, dimethylaniline, and formic acid.
26. The process according to claim 18, wherein said first absorption zone is configured as an absorption column comprising an absorption section and a rectification section, and heat andor a stripping gas is fed into the bottom of said absorption column.
27. The process according to claim 26, wherein step E) is performed and said absorbent stream (e1) is fed as a stripping gas into the bottom of said absorption column.
28. The process according to claim 18, wherein stripping is effected in step F) with steam.
29. The process according to claim 28, wherein said steam is condensed out of and removed as water from said gas stream (f1) by one- or multistage cooling and compression or said steam is removed by adsorption, rectification andor membrane separation.
30. The process according to claim 18, wherein said gas stream (d2) is at least partly recycled into said dehydrogenation zone.
31. The process according to claim 18, farther comprising an additional step G) of contacting at least a portion of said gas stream (d2) with a high-boiling absorbent and subsequently desorbing the gases dissolved in said high-boiling absorbent to obtain a recycle stream (g1) consisting substantially of propane and an offgas stream (g2) comprising methane, ethane, ethene, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen, and recycling said recycle stream (g1) into said dehydrogenation zone.
32. The process according to claim 31, wherein said high-boiling absorbent is selected from the group consisting of C4 to C18 alkanes, naphtha, and the middle oil fraction from paraffin distillation.
33. The process according to claim 31, wherein said desorbing is acheived by stripping with stream.
34. The process according to claim 18, further comprising an additional step G) of removing carbon dioxide from at least a substream of said gas stream (d2) by gas scrubbing to obtain a low-carbon dioxide recycle stream (g1) and recycling said low-carbon dioxide recycle stream (g1) into said dehydrogenation zone.