1. A system for engaging a target with a prosthetic device comprising: a paddle having an inner surface, an outer surface, a first paddle end, and a second paddle end, wherein the first paddle end and second paddle end lie on opposite ends of the paddle; an adapter;
an actuator;
wherein the adapter further comprises: a connector assembly; wherein the connector assembly comprises a plate; wherein the plate comprises a slidable coupling track;
wherein the connector assembly attaches the first paddle end to the actuator through a generally L-shaped bracket in the slidable coupling track,
wherein the an actuator is attached to the connector assembly, wherein the paddle and the adapter form a socket with the adapter at the socket distal end and the second paddle end at the socket proximal end, wherein the socket is adapted to substantially support the target during a weight bearing user activity, wherein the socket has a center axis, wherein the paddle is chosen from a plurality of paddles of different shapes in such a way that the inner surface of the paddle is substantially coextensive with a target area, wherein the inner surface is adapted to be in contact with the target area when worn; a controller; and a communication link, wherein the controller outputs a control signal to the actuator via the communication link, wherein the actuator is adapted to press together the inner surface and the target area as a function of the control signal in such a way that the outer surface moves towards the center axis along the slidable coupling track and the inner surface imparts an optimal tissue compression to the target area, wherein the paddle is made of a material that is sufficiently stiff to impart the optimal tissue compression to the target area, wherein the connector assembly is adapted to impart substantially no compression to a nonpaddle area when worn, wherein the adapter is adapted to be worn during normal ambulation, wherein the nonpaddle area is configured to include a relief area.
2. The system of claim 1,
further comprising:
a stabilizer band,
wherein the stabilizer band is attached across a portion of the paddle at approximately the second paddle end.
3. The system of claim 2, wherein the stabilizer band is adapted to encircle the target.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein the system further comprises:
A second paddle having an inner surface, a first paddle end, and a second paddle end;
And a stabilizer band,
Wherein the connector assembly attaches to the first paddle end of the second paddle, wherein the paddle, the second paddle, and the adapter form the socket with the adapter at the socket distal end and the second paddle ends of each paddle at the socket proximal end, wherein the second paddle is chosen from the plurality of paddles of different shapes in such a way that the inner surface of the second paddle is substantially coextensive with a second target area, wherein the stabilizer band is attached to a portion of at least two of the paddles at approximately the second paddle end, wherein the number of relief areas equals the number of paddles.
5. The system of claim 4, wherein the system further comprises a four-hole universal prosthetic attachment interface attached to the distal end of the connector assembly, wherein the prosthetic device is adapted to attach to the four-hole universal prosthetic attachment interface at the proximal end of the prosthetic device.
6. The system of claim 4,
wherein the stabilizer band is a stabilizer cuff,
wherein the system further comprises:
a pump; and
a tube connecting the pump to the stabilizer cuff,
wherein the controller outputs a cuff control signal to the pump via the communication link,
wherein the pump generates a pressure of the stabilizer cuff via the tube as a function of the cuff control signal
wherein the stabilizer cuff is operable to stiffen as a function of the pressure of the stabilizer cuff.
7. The system of claim 4, wherein the system further comprises:
a liner;
a magnet attached to the liner;
a magnetic field sensor; and
a display,
wherein the magnetic field sensor is attached to the first paddle,
wherein the liner is adapted to be worn over the first target area and the nonpaddle areas in such a way that the magnet aligns with a physical feature of the target,
wherein selection of the magnet strength, the magnetic field sensor sensitivity, the physical feature, and the magnet location on the liner is coordinated in such a way that the magnetic field sensor outputs a display signal to the display only when the inner surface of the first paddle is substantially aligned with the first target area.
8. The system of claim 4, wherein the plurality of paddles and the adapter are configured as a kit of component parts for choosing the paddle and the second paddle for assembly with the adapter to form the socket.
9. The system of claim 1, wherein the actuator includes an electroactive polymer material configured to impart the optimal tissue compression.
10. The system of claim 1, wherein the system further comprises a sensor,
wherein the sensor generates a sensor output to the controller via the communication link,
wherein the controller outputs the control signal as a function of the sensor output.
11. The system of claim 10, wherein the system further comprises:
a controller memory; and
a plurality of activity profiles stored in the controller memory,
wherein the controller matches the sensor output with a nearest match activity profile from the plurality of activity profiles,
wherein the controller outputs the control signal as a function of the nearest match activity profile.
12. The system of claim 10, wherein the sensor is a pressure sensor.
13. The system of claim 1, wherein the adapter further comprises:
an input device for selecting a user activity,
wherein the input device outputs the user activity to the controller via the communication link,
wherein the controller outputs the control signal as a function of the user activity.
14. The system of claim 13, wherein the system further comprises a sensor, wherein the sensor sends a sensor output to the controller via the communication link, wherein the controller outputs the control signal as a function of the sensor output and the user activity.
15. The system of claim 1, wherein the system further comprises:
a liner,
the liner further comprising:
a physical feature alignment marking; and
a target area marking,
wherein the liner is adapted to be worn over the target area and the nonpaddle area in such a way that the physical feature alignment marking aligns with a physical feature of the target,
wherein selection of the physical feature alignment marking location on the liner, the target area marking location on the liner, and the physical feature are coordinated in such a way that a user can locate the paddle for optimal tissue compression.
16. A method for engaging a target with a prosthetic device comprising: choosing a paddle having an inner surface, an outer surface, a first paddle end, and a second paddle end from a plurality of paddles of different shapes in such a way that the inner surface of the paddle is substantially coextensive with a target area; assembling an adapter, an actuator, and the paddle to form a socket, wherein the adapter is at the socket distal end and the second paddle end is at the socket proximal end, wherein the socket has a center axis, wherein the first paddle end and second paddle end lie on opposite ends of the paddle, wherein the adapter further comprises: a connector assembly, wherein the connector assembly comprises a plate, wherein the plate comprises a slidable coupling track,
wherein the connector assembly attaches the the first paddle end to the actuator through a generally L-shaped bracket in the slidable coupling track, wherein the actuator attaches to the connector assembly wherein the method further comprises: generating a control signal from a controller to cause the actuator to move the paddle inwardly or outwardly from the center axis; and sending the control signal from the controller to the actuator via a communication link, wherein the actuator moves the outer surface towards the center axis along the slidable coupling track as a function of the control signal, wherein the inner surface is adapted to impart an optimal tissue compression to the target area, wherein the connector assembly imparts substantially no compression to a nonpaddle area, wherein the nonpaddle area include a relief area, wherein the socket is adapted to substantially support the target during a weight-bearing user activity, wherein the paddle is made of a material that is sufficiently stiff to impart the optimal tissue compression to the target area, wherein the adapter is adapted to be worn during normal ambulation.
17. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
attaching a stabilizer band across a portion of the paddle at approximately the second paddle end.
18. The method of claim 17, wherein the stabilizer band encircles the target.
19. The method of claim 16, wherein the method further comprises:
choosing at least a second paddle having an inner surface, an outer surface, a first paddle end, and a second paddle end from the plurality of paddles of different shapes in such a way that the inner surface of the second paddle is substantially coextensive with a second target area,
wherein assembling the socket, further comprises:
connecting the first paddle end of the second paddle to the connector assembly,
wherein the second paddle end of the second paddle is at the socket proximal end; and
attaching a stabilizer band to a portion of the second paddle at approximately the second paddle end of the second paddle.
20. The method of claim 19, wherein the method further comprises attaching the prosthetic device to a four-hole universal prosthetic attachment interface at the proximal end of the prosthetic device wherein the four-hole universal prosthetic attachment interface is attached to the distal end of the connector assembly, wherein the prosthetic device is adapted to attach to the four-hole universal prosthetic attachment interface.
21. The method of claim 19, wherein the stabilizer band is a stabilizer cuff,
wherein the method further comprises:
connecting a tube from a pump to the stabilizer cuff; and
sending a cuff control signal from the controller to the pump via the communication link to generate a pressure of the stabilizer cuff via the tube as a function of the cuff control signal,
wherein the stabilizer cuff is operable to stiffen as a function of the pressure of the stabilizer cuff.
22. The method of claim 16, wherein the actuator includes an electroactive polymer material configured to impart the optimal tissue compression.
23. The method of claim 16, wherein the method further comprises:
sending a sensor output to the controller via the communication link, and
generating the control signal as a function of the sensor output.
24. The method of claim 23, wherein the controller further comprises:
a controller memory,
wherein the method further comprises:
accessing a plurality of activity profiles stored in the controller memory;
matching the sensor output with a nearest match activity profile from the plurality of activity profiles; and
sending the control signal to the actuator as a function of the nearest match activity profile.
25. The method of claim 23, wherein the sensor is a pressure sensor.
26. The method of claim 16, wherein the adapter further comprises:
an input device,
wherein the method further comprises:
selecting a user activity using the input device;
sending the user activity to the controller via the communication link; and
sending the control signal to the actuator as a function of the user activity.
27. The method of claim 26, wherein the method further comprises:
sending a sensor output to the controller via the communication link; and
sending the control signal to the actuator as a function of the sensor output and the user activity.
28. The method of claim 16, wherein the method further comprises:
coordinating the selection of a physical feature alignment marking location on a liner, a target area marking location on the liner, and a physical feature of the target in such a way that a user can locate the paddle for optimal tissue compression;
marking the liner with the physical feature alignment marking and the target area marking; and
wearing the liner over the target area and the nonpaddle area in such a way that the physical feature alignment marking aligns with the physical feature of the target.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. An exposure apparatus comprising:
an illumination optical system including a light source which emits illumination light;
a mask stage which holds a photomask having a mask pattern thereon to be illuminated with the illumination light; and
a light intensity distribution filter arranged on a plane, which plane is positioned in the illumination optical system and is optically in relation of Fourier transform to the mask pattern, the light intensity distribution filter configured to vary a light intensity distribution of the illumination light in a cross section of a bundle of the illumination light.
2. An exposure apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the light intensity distribution filter includes a filter substrate transparent to the illumination light and a plurality of light-shielding parts opaque to the illumination light and arrayed on the filter substrate at pitches varying in a direction orthogonal to an optical axis of the illumination optical system.
3. An exposure apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the plane optically in relation of Fourier transform to the mask pattern is a plane on which a lighting stop in the illumination optical system contacts, and the light intensity distribution filter is located on the plane on which the lighting stop contacts.
4. An exposure apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the plane optically in relation of Fourier transform to the mask pattern is a plane on which a focal point of a condensing lens for condensing the illumination light having passed through a lighting stop for an exposure area in the illumination optical system is set, and the light intensity distribution filter is located on the plane on which the focal point of the condensing lens is set.
5. An exposure apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the plurality of light-shielding parts are arrayed such that a light transmittance of the light intensity distribution filter to the illumination light coaxially varies.
6. An exposure apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the plurality of light-shielding parts are arrayed such that the pitches of the light-shielding parts coaxially vary in the direction orthogonal to the optical axis of the illumination optical system.
7. An exposure apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the plurality of light-shielding parts are arrayed such that a light transmittance of the light intensity distribution filter to the illumination light increases with increase in a distance from the optical axis in the direction orthogonal to the illumination light.
8. An exposure apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the plurality of light-shielding parts are arrayed such that the pitches of the light-shielding parts coaxially increase with increase in a distance from the optical axis of the illumination optical system in the direction orthogonal to the optical axis of the illumination optical system.
9. An exposure apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the plurality of light-shielding parts are arrayed such that the light transmittance of the light intensity distribution filter to the illumination light decreases with increase in a distance from the optical axis in the direction orthogonal to the illumination light.
10. An exposure apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the plurality of light-shielding parts are arrayed such that the pitches of the light-shielding parts coaxially decrease with increase in a distance from the optical axis of the illumination optical system in the direction orthogonal to the optical axis of the illumination optical system.
11. An exposure apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of light-shielding parts are arrayed such that a light transmittance of the light intensity distribution filter to the illumination light increases only in one direction in a direction orthogonal to an optical axis of the illumination light.
12. An exposure apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of light-shielding parts are arrayed such that a light transmittance of the light intensity distribution filter to the illumination light decreases only in one direction in a direction orthogonal to an optical axis of the illumination light.
13. An exposure apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the pitches of the plurality of light-shielding parts of the light intensity distribution filter have sizes so that the illumination light is prevented from being diffracted at the light-shielding parts.
14. An exposure apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the pitches of the plurality of light-shielding parts are each 10 times or higher than a wavelength of the illumination light.
15. An exposure apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the pitches of the plurality of light-shielding parts are each shorter than a wavelength of the illumination light.
16. An exposure method comprising:
emitting illumination light from a light source of a illumination optical system;
varying a light intensity distribution of the illumination light in a cross section of a bundle of the illumination light by using a light intensity distribution filter placed in an optical path of the illumination light in the illumination optical system; and
illuminating a mask pattern positioned on a plane optically in relation of Fourier transform to the light intensity distribution filter with the illumination light.
17. An exposure method according to claim 16, wherein a light intensity distribution filter, in which the light transmittance increases or decreases with increase in a distance from an optical axis in the direction orthogonal to the optical axis of the illumination light, is used for the light intensity distribution filter.
18. An exposure method according to claim 16, wherein a light intensity distribution filter, in which the light transmittance increases or decreases only in the same direction in the direction orthogonal to the optical axis of the illumination light, is used for the light intensity distribution filter.
19. An optical proximity correction method comprising:
illuminating a mask pattern including a plurality of diffraction patterns having different periods with illumination light generated from a light source;
measuring sizes of projection images of the plurality of diffraction patterns formed by illumination of the illumination light; and
varying, when the sizes of the projection images measured are each different from target values, a light intensity distribution in a cross section of a bundle of the illumination light on a plane which is between the mask pattern and the light source and is optically in relation of Fourier transform to the mask pattern, to correct the sizes of the projection images to be close to the target values.
20. An optical proximity correction method according to claim 19, wherein the sizes of the projection images are corrected to be close to the target values by placing a light intensity distribution filter, in which a light transmittance increases with increase in a distance from an optical axis in a direction orthogonal to the illumination light, on the plane optically in relation of Fourier transform to the mask pattern.
21. An optical proximity correction method according to claim 19, wherein the sizes of the projection images are corrected to be close to the target values by placing a light intensity distribution filter, in which a light transmittance decreases with increase in a distance from an optical axis in a direction orthogonal to the illumination light, on the plane optically in relation of Fourier transform to the mask pattern.