We claim:
1. A mammalian cell culture medium comprising nutrients conducive to the growth of mammalian cells in vitro, and an effective amount of a nitric oxide inhibitor.
2. A mammalian cell culture medium as recited in claim 1, wherein said nitric oxide inhibitor comprises hemoglobin.
3. A mammalian cell culture medium as recited in claim 1, wherein said nitric oxide inhibitor comprises free hemoglobin.
4. A mammalian cell culture medium as recited in claim 1, wherein said medium additionally comprises mammalian cells that promote the maintenance, growth, or development of a mammalian oocyte or embryo.
5. A mammalian cell culture as recited in claim 4, wherein said cells comprise cumulus-granulosa cells.
6. A mammalian cell culture medium as recited in claim 4, wherein said nitric oxide inhibitor comprises hemoglobin.
7. A mammalian cell culture medium as recited in claim 4, wherein said nitric oxide inhibitor comprises free hemoglobin.
8. A method for promoting the growth and development of a mammalian cell or cells, comprising growing the cell or cells in a culture medium comprising nutrients conducive to the growth of mammalian cells in vitro, and an effective amount of a nitric oxide inhibitor.
9. A method as recited in claim 8, wherein the nitric oxide inhibitor comprises hemoglobin.
10. A method as recited in claim 8, wherein the nitric oxide inhibitor comprises free hemoglobin.
11. A method as recited in claim 8, wherein the cell or cells comprise a mammalian oocyte or embryo, and wherein the medium additionally comprises helper cells that promote the maintenance, growth, or development of a mammalian oocyte or embryo.
12. A method as recited in claim 11, wherein the helper cells comprise cumulus-granulosa cells.
13. A method as recited in claim 11, wherein the nitric oxide inhibitor comprises hemoglobin.
14. A method as recited in claim 11, wherein the nitric oxide inhibitor comprises free hemoglobin.
15. A method as recited in claim 11, wherein the cell or cells comprise a bovine oocyte or embryo.
16. A method as recited in claim 11, wherein the cell or cells comprise a human oocyte or embryo.
17. A method as recited in claim 16, wherein the cell or cells comprise a human embryo; additionally comprising the step of implanting the embryo into a woman’s uterus following said growing in the culture medium; wherein the nitric oxide inhibitor comprises free hemoglobin derived from the woman’s own erythrocytes.
18. A method as recited in claim 8, wherein the cell or cells are selected from the group consisting of mammalian epithelial cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, cumulus cells, and endometrial cells.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A process for preparing catalyst solution for a membrane-electrode assembly in a fuel cell, which comprises the steps of
a) mixing a catalyst solution (Solution A) wherein catalyst particles are dispersed in water and an ion conductive resin solution (Solution B) wherein an ion conductive resin is dissolved in water, a low boiling point organic solvent or a mixture thereof, to form a dispersion;
b) mixing the dispersion obtained from step a) with a functional additive dissolved in a high boiling point solvent or a mixture of low boiling point solvent and water (Solution C) to prepare a catalyst ink dispersion; and
c) aging the catalyst ink dispersion obtained from step b) at a temperature lower than 5\xb0 C. for at least 12 hours.
2. A process for preparing catalyst solution for a membrane-electrode assembly in a fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the catalyst solution prepared from steps a), b) and c) has a viscosity of 100 to 300 cps, and a mediate size (d50) of secondary particles is 0.1 to 2 \u03bcm.
3. A process for preparing catalyst solution for a membrane-electrode assembly in a fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the amount of catalyst in said catalyst solution is 3 to 10% by weight with respect to the total solution, and the amount of the ion conductive resin is 10 to 150% by weight with respect to said catalyst.
4. A process for preparing catalyst solution for a membrane-electrode assembly in a fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the low boiling point solvent in step a) or b) is a solvent selected from the group consisting of alcohols, ketones, hydrocarbons and amides, and a mixture thereof.
5. A process for preparing catalyst solution for a membrane-electrode assembly in a fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the high boiling solvent in step b) is a solvent selected from the group consisting of polyhydric alcohols, polyalkyleneglycols and monoalkylether derivatives, and a mixture thereof.
6. A process for preparing catalyst solution for a membrane-electrode assembly in a fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the functional additive in step b) comprises one or more substance(s) selected from the group consisting of water-repellent polymers, conductive nanoparticles, pH modifiers and leveling agents.
7. A process for preparing catalyst solution for a membrane-electrode assembly in a fuel cell according to claim 6, wherein the water-repellent polymer is polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), which comprises 0\u02dc5% by weight of the catalyst solution thus prepared.
8. A process for preparing catalyst solution for a membrane-electrode assembly in a fuel cell according to claim 6, wherein the conductive nanoparticles are graphite, carbon black, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, carbon nanohorns, carbon balls, titanium black or iron oxide (Fe3O4), or a mixture thereof having the particle size of 0.01\u02dc1 \u03bcm, and comprises 0\u02dc5% by weight of the catalyst solution thus prepared.
9. A process for preparing a membrane-electrode assembly in a fuel cell, wherein the catalyst solution for a membrane-electrode assembly in fuel cell prepared according to claim 1 is applied to both sides of the electrolyte membrane via spraying or ink-jet process, and then dried and compressed at a high temperature.
10. A process for preparing a membrane-electrode assembly in a fuel cell according to claim 9, wherein the catalyst solution is repeatedly applied to the electrolyte membrane 4\u02dc10 times.
11. A process for preparing a membrane-electrode assembly in a fuel cell, wherein the catalyst solution for a membrane-electrode assembly in fuel cell prepared according to claim 2 is applied to both sides of the electrolyte membrane via spraying or ink-jet process, and then dried and compressed at a high temperature.
12. A process for preparing a membrane-electrode assembly in a fuel cell, wherein the catalyst solution for a membrane-electrode assembly in fuel cell prepared according to claim 8 is applied to both sides of the electrolyte membrane via spraying or ink-jet process, and then dried and compressed at a high temperature.
13. A process for preparing a membrane-electrode assembly in a fuel cell according to claim 11, wherein the catalyst solution is repeatedly applied to the electrolyte membrane 4\u02dc10 times.
14. A process for preparing a membrane-electrode assembly in a fuel cell according to claim 12, wherein the catalyst solution is repeatedly applied to the electrolyte membrane 4\u02dc10 times.