1. A method for producing an adsorbing agent, in particular a bleaching earth product, comprising
activating a raw clay, wherein the raw clay has
a specific surface of more than 200 m2g,
an ion exchange capacity of more than 40 meq100 g, and
a pore volume of more than 0.5 mlg, where at least 40% of the pore volume are provided by pores which have a pore diameter of at least 14 nm, and at most 25% of the pore volume are provided by pores which have a diameter of less than 7.5 nm.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, where the ion exchange capacity of the raw clay is greater than 50 meq100 g.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, where the raw clay, based on anhydrous raw clay, has an Al2l O3 content of less than 11% by weight.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, where the raw clay has an SiO2 content, based on anhydrous raw clay, of more than 65% by weight.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, where the raw clay has a fraction of heavy metals As, Pb, Cd, Hg that can be leached out by tartaric acid of less than 25 ppm.
6. The method as claimed in claim 5, where the fraction of arsenic that can be leached out by tartaric acid is less than 1.5 ppm andor the fraction of the lead that can be leached out by tartaric acid is less than 5 ppm andor the fraction of cadmium that can be leached out by tartaric acid is less than 0.5 ppm andor the fraction of mercury that can be leached out by tartaric acid is less than 0.2 ppm.
7. The method as claimed in claim 1, where the sediment volume of the raw clay in water is less than 10 ml2 g.
8. The method as claimed in claim 1, where the raw clay is brought into contact with an acid for the activation.
9. The method as claimed in claim 8, where the acid is brought into contact in the form of an aqueous solution with the raw clay.
10. The method as claimed in claim 8, where the acid comprises a mineral acid.
11. The method as claimed in claim 10, where the mineral acid comprises sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid.
12. (canceled)
13. (canceled)
14. (canceled)
15. A clay product comprising a raw clay with
a specific surface of more than 200 m2g;
an ion exchange capacity of more than 40 meq100 g; and
a pore volume, determined by nitrogen porosimetry, of more than 0.5 mlg, where at least 40% of the pore volume are provided by pores which have a pore diameter of at least 14 nm, and at most 25% of the pore volume are provided by pores which have a diameter of less than 7.5 nm.
16. The clay product as claimed in claim 15, where the raw clay has a fraction of heavy metals As, Pb, Cd, Hg that can be leached out by tartaric acid of less than 25 ppm.
17. A method for the refining of fats andor oils, comprising
providing a crude oil which is obtained from a vegetable or animal material;
subjecting the crude oil to bleaching by treating it with a bleaching earth product which comprises a raw clay which has
a specific area of more than 200 m2g;
an ion exchange capacity of more than 40 meq100 g; and
a pore volume of more than 0.5 mlg, where at least 40% of the pore volume are provided by pores which have a pore diameter of at least 14 nm, and at most 25% of the pore volume are provided by pores which have a diameter of less than 7.5 nm, and
separating off the bleached oil from the bleaching earth product to produced the refined fats andor oils.
18. The method as claimed in claim 17, where the crude oil has a phosphorus content, calculated as P, of less than 100 ppm.
19. The method as claimed in claim 17, where the crude oil is not subjected to a degumming.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. An electric device for producing deionized water comprising a main body part, said main body part including:
at least two-ion-exchange membranes;
a desalting chamber defined by two of the at least two ion-exchange membranes and filled with an ion exchanger;
a first concentration chamber arranged adjacently to one side of the desalting chamber via one of the two ion-exchange membranes;
a second concentration chamber arranged adjacently to another side of the desalting chamber via other of the two ion-exchange membranes;
a pair of electrode chambers disposed respectively outside the first concentration chamber and outside the second concentration chamber;
a pair of fixing plates disposed in such a way as to sandwich the main body part; and
a helical compression spring,
wherein the helical compression spring is interposed in a compressed state between at least one of the pair of fixing plates and the main body part, and the at least one of the pair of fixing plates or the main body part is provided with a stopper adapted to prevent the helical compression spring from contracting in an axial direction thereof beyond a position when the device is assembled.
2. The electric device for producing deionized water according to claim 1, wherein the stopper is inserted inside the helical compression spring.
3. The electric device for producing deionized water according to claim 1, wherein when;
a length of the main body part in the direction in which the desalting chamber, the concentration chambers, and the electrode chambers are arranged when the device is assembled is L0:
an amount of contraction in axial direction of the helical compression spring with respect to said length L0 in a case in which temperature is decreased by \u03b4T, is a; and
a coefficient of linear expansion of the main body part is \u03b1,
the helical compression spring is arranged for causing contraction in the axial direction thereof no more than the amount of a that is expressed by the following formula:
a=\u03b1\xd7\u0394T\xd7L0.
4. The electric device for producing deionized water according to claim 1, further comprising gaskets,
wherein each of the gaskets is interposed between the desalting chamber and respective adjacent concentration chambers, and between the pair of electrode chambers and respective adjacent concentration chambers,
wherein
when
an amount of contraction in the direction in which the desalting chamber, the concentration chambers, and the electrode chambers of the main body part are arranged, in a case in which temperature is decreased by \u03b4T, is b;
a coefficient of linear expansion of the main body part is \u03b1;
a length of the main body part in the direction in which the desalting chamber, the concentration chambers, and the electrode chambers are arranged when the device is assembled is L0;
a repulsive force generated when the gaskets are squeezed at the time of assembling the device is P; and
a spring constant of the helical compression spring is k,
wherein the helical compression spring is arranged for causing contraction in the axial direction thereof no more than the amount of contraction b that is expressed by the following formula:
b=\u03b1\xd7\u0394T\xd7L0+Pk.
5. The electric device for producing deionized water according to claim 1, further comprising: a flat plate between the main body part and helical compression spring.