1. A method of attenuating expression of Frizzled Related Protein-1 mRNA of a subject, comprising:
administering to an eye of the subject a composition comprising an effective amount of interfering RNA and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, the interfering RNA comprising:
a sense nucleotide strand, an antisense nucleotide strand, and a region of at least near- perfect contiguous complementarity of at least 19 nucleotides;
wherein the sense strand is 19 to 21 nucleotides and comprises a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 18 wherein the thymines are replaced with uracils, wherein the expression of Frizzled Related Protein-1 mRNA is attenuated thereby.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the subject is a human and the human has glaucoma.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the subject is a human and the human is at risk of developing glaucoma.
4. The method of claim 1 further comprising administering to the subject a second interfering RNA having a length of 19 to 49 nucleotides and comprising:
a sense nucleotide strand, an antisense nucleotide strand, and a region of at least near- perfect complementarity of at least 19 nucleotides;
wherein the antisense strand of the second interfering RNA hybridizes under physiological conditions to a second portion of mRNA corresponding to SEQ ID NO:1 or SEQ ID NO:191, and the antisense strand has a region of at least near-perfect contiguous complementarity of at least 19 nucleotides with the second hybridizing portion of mRNA corresponding to SEQ ID NO:1 or SEQ ID NO:191, respectively.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the sense nucleotide strand and the antisense nucleotide strand are connected by a loop nucleotide strand.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the composition is administered via a topical, intravitreal, transcleral, periocular, conjunctival, subtenon, intracameral, subretinal, subconjunctival, retrobulbar, intracanalicular, or suprachoroidal route.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein the interfering RNA is administered via in vivo expression from an expression vector capable of expressing the interfering RNA.
8. A method of treating glaucoma in a subject in need thereof, comprising:
administering to an eye of the subject a composition comprising an effective amount of interfering RNA, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, the interfering RNA comprising a sense nucleotide strand, an antisense nucleotide strand, and a region of at least near-perfect contiguous complementarity of at least 19 nucleotides;
wherein the sense strand is 19 to 21 nucleotides and comprises a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 18 wherein the thymines are replaced with uracils,
wherein the glaucoma is treated thereby.
9. The method of claim 8 wherein the subject is a human and the human has glaucoma.
10. The method of claim 8 wherein the subject is a human and the human is at risk of developing glaucoma.
11. The method of claim further comprising administering to the subject a second interfering RNA having a length of 19 to 49 nucleotides and comprising:
a sense nucleotide strand, an antisense nucleotide strand, and a region of at least near- perfect complementarity of at least 19 nucleotides;
wherein the antisense strand of the second interfering RNA hybridizes under physiological conditions to a second portion of mRNA corresponding to SEQ ID NO:1 or SEQ ID NO:191, and the antisense strand has a region of at least near-perfect contiguous complementarity of at least 19 nucleotides with the second hybridizing portion of mRNA corresponding to SEQ ID NO:1 or SEQ ID NO:191, respectively.
12. The method of claim 8 wherein the sense nucleotide strand and the antisense nucleotide strand are connected by a loop nucleotide strand.
13. The method of claim 8 wherein the composition is administered via a topical, intravitreal, transcleral, periocular, conjunctival, subtenon, intracameral, subretinal, subconjunctival, retrobulbar, intracanalicular or suprachoroidal route.
14. The method of claim 8 wherein the interfering RNA is administered via in vivo expression from an expression vector capable of expressing the interfering RNA.
15. The method of claim 1 wherein the composition is administered via ocular injection.
16. The method of claim 15 wherein the composition is administered via a topical, intravitreal, transcleral, periocular, conjunctival, subtenon, intracameral, subretinal, subconjunctival, retrobulbar, intracanalicular, or suprachoroidal route.
17. The method of claim 8 wherein the composition is administered via ocular injection.
18. The method of claim 17 wherein the composition is administered via a topical, intravitreal, transcleral, periocular, conjunctival, subtenon, intracameral, subretinal, subconjunctival, retrobulbar, intracanalicular, or suprachoroidal route.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A composition for reducing chemical oxygen demand in water of an aquatic facility, the composition comprising:
a persulfate donor from about 70 wt. % to about 99.98 wt. %;
a transition metal catalyst measured as elemental metal between about 0.01 wt. % and about 10 wt. % of the composition, and
a cationic electrolyte from about 0.01 wt. % to about 10 wt. % of the composition that coagulates the spent catalyst; and
upon dissolving the composition in water the catalyst decomposes the persulfate to produce sulfate free radicals and sustains a persulfate concentration in the water of the aquatic facility of less than 2 ppm.
2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is powder.
3. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is granular.
4. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is an agglomerate.
5. The composition of claim 4 further comprising an agent that restricts a dissolution rate of the agglomerate in water.
6. The composition of claim 5, wherein the agent is a substantially water-insoluble wax.
7. The composition of claim 5, wherein the agent is a mineral salt of a carboxylic acid having at least 16 carbons.
8. The composition of claim 5, wherein the agent is a gel forming material that forms a gelatinous structure upon contacting water.
9. The composition of claim 1, wherein the persulfate donor is at least one of: potassium monopersulfate, sodium persulfate, and potassium persulfate.
10. The composition of claim 1, wherein the transition metal catalyst comprises silver.
11. The composition of claim 1, wherein the transition metal catalyst comprises copper.
12. The composition of claim 1, wherein the transition metal catalyst comprises cobalt.
13. The composition of claim 1, wherein the transition metal catalyst comprises iron.
14. The composition of claim 1, wherein the transition metal catalyst comprises molybdenum.
15. The composition of claim 1, wherein the transition metal catalyst comprises platinum.
16. The composition of claim 1, wherein the transition metal catalyst comprises manganese.
17. The composition of claim 1, further comprising a chelating agent in contact with the transition metal catalyst.
18. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is usable while mammals are present in the water.
19. The composition of claim 1, wherein the cationic electrolyte is an inorganic salt.
20. The composition of claim 19, wherein the inorganic salt is alum.
21. The composition of claim 19, wherein the inorganic salt is an aluminate.
22. The composition of claim 1, wherein the cationic electrolyte is an organic polymer.
23. The composition of claim 22, wherein the organic polymer is a polyacrylamide.
24. The composition of claim 22, wherein the organic polymer is chitosan.
25. A composition for reduction of chemical oxygen demand in water, the composition comprising:
a free halogen donor from about 50-99 wt. % of the composition;
a persulfate donor comprising potassium monopersulfate;
a cationic electrolyte from about 0.05 wt. % to about 20 wt. % of the composition that coagulates the spent catalyst; and
a transition metal catalyst comprising cobalt;
wherein the free halogen donor, the persulfate donor, the cationic electrolyte and the transition metal catalyst form an agglomerate.
26. The composition of claim 25, wherein the composition is soluble in water.
27. The composition of claim 25 further comprising a chelating agent in contact with the transition metal catalyst.
28. The composition of claim 1, wherein the cationic electrolyte is an inorganic salt.
29. The composition of claim 28, wherein the inorganic salt is alum.
30. The composition of claim 28, wherein the inorganic salt is an aluminate.
31. The composition of claim 25, wherein the free halogen donor is at least one of: calcium hypochlorite, trichloroisocyanuric acid, dichloroisocyanuric acid, dibromodimethyl hydantoin, bromochlorodimethyl hydantoin, and lithium hypochlorite.
32. The composition of claim 25, wherein the persulfate donor is separated from the free halogen donor.
33. The composition of claim 25 further comprising a chlorite donor.
34. The composition of claim 25, wherein the persulfate donor and the transition metal catalyst comprise about 1-50 wt. % of the composition.
35. The composition of claim 25, wherein the composition is usable while mammals are present in the water.
36. A composition for removing chemical oxygen demand from an aquatic facility, the composition comprising:
a transition metal catalyst in an amount that makes up about 0.01 wt. % and about 10 wt. % of the composition measured as elemental metal;
a cationic electrolyte that coagulates the spent catalyst in an amount that makes up about 0.01 wt. % to about 20 wt. % of the composition; and
a persulfate donor comprising potassium monopersulfate in an amount that makes up about 70-99.98 wt. % of the composition; and
upon dissolving the composition in water, the catalyst decomposes the persulfate to produce sulfate free radicals and sustains a persulfate concentration in the water of the aquatic facility of less than 2 ppm.
37. A composition for reducing chemical oxygen demand in the water of an aquatic facility while mammals are present, the composition comprising:
potassium monopersulfate from about 70-99.98 wt. % of the composition; and
a transition metal catalyst in an amount that makes up about 0.01 wt. % and about 10 wt. % of the composition measured as elemental metal, and comprising at least one of copper and silver; and
a cationic electrolyte that coagulates the spent catalyst in an amount that makes up about 0.01 wt. % to about 20 wt. % of the composition; and
upon dissolving the composition in water, the catalyst decomposes the persulfate to produce sulfate free radicals and sustains a persulfate concentration in the water of the aquatic facility of less than 2 ppm.