What is claimed is:
1. A microfluidic accumulating and proportioning component, comprising:
a reservoir (15) including an aeration port (26) and an outlet (30) disposed below for a liquid,
capillary cavities (20, 20) in the reservoir (15),
a displacement chamber (34) which is disposed at least partly at the same level as the reservoir (15), with an inlet (36) disposed above and a proportioning outlet (9) disposed below for a liquid, and
a rising capillary channel (22) connecting the outlet (30) of the reservoir (15) to the inlet (36) of the displacement chamber (34).
2. The component as claimed in claim 1 wherein the reservoir (15) and the displacement chamber (34) are disposed substantially at the same level.
3. The component as claimed in claim 1 wherein the capillary cavities (20, 20) are capillary channels leading to the outlet (30) of the reservoir (15).
4. The component as claimed in claim 1 wherein the rising channel (22) is connected to the inlet (36) of the displacement chamber (34) via a connection duct (37) with which a filling level sensor is associated.
5. The component as claimed in claim 4 wherein the connection duct (37) is disposed between the highest level of the rising channel (22) and the inlet (36) of the displacement chamber (34).
6. The component as claimed in claim 1 wherein the rising capillary channel (22) is laterally connected to the reservoir (15) via a capillary gap (31) with the capillary gap (31) being designed so as to cause a liquid to flow substantially from the outlet (30) of the reservoir (15) into the displacement chamber (34) through the capillary rising channel (22) in the proportioning mode and, if the component is disposed in a centrifugal field directed counter to the direction of flow in the rising channel (22) in the proportioning mode, to cause a liquid to flow from the displacement chamber (34) and the rising channel (22) into the reservoir (15) through the gap (31).
7. The component as claimed in claim 6 wherein the capillary gap (31) opens at least partly into a region of the reservoir (15) above the capillary cavities (20, 20).
8. The component as claimed in claim 6 wherein the capillarity of the gap (31) is reduced from bottom to top.
9. The component as claimed in claim 1 which has a filling port (11) at top that is connected to the reservoir (15).
10. The component as claimed in claim 9 wherein a filling channel (24) is disposed between the filling port (11) and the rising channel (22).
11. The component as claimed in claim 1 wherein the reservoir (15) and the displacement chamber (34) are substantially disposed in parallel layers of at least one planar body (1).
12. The component as claimed in claim 11 wherein the rising channel (22) andor the filling channel (24) are substantially disposed in the same layer as the reservoir (15) andor the connection duct (37) isare substantially disposed in the same layer as the displacement chamber (34).
13. The component as claimed in claim 11 wherein the rising channel (22) and the connection duct (37) or the inlet (36) of the displacement chamber (34) are connected to each other via a transversely directed passage (23) of the at least one planar body (1).
14. The component as claimed in claim 11 wherein the proportioning outlet (9) is disposed in one end face (2) andor the filling port (11) is disposed in the other end face (4) of the at least one planar body (1).
15. The component as claimed in claim 11 wherein the reservoir (15) andor the rising channel (22) andor the filling channel (24) are disposed on one large-surface side of a planar basic body (6), the displacement chamber (34) andor the connection duct (37) are disposed on the other large-surface side of the planar basic body (6), the transversely directed passage (23) is disposed in the planar basic body (6) in a transverse direction, the proportioning outlet (9) is disposed in one end face (2) andor the filling port (11) is disposed in the other end face (4) of the planar basic body (6) and the planar basic body (6) is closed by a reservoir lid (7) on the side of the reservoir (15) and by a membrane lid (8) on the side of the displacement chamber (34).
16. The component as claimed in claim 15 wherein the reservoir lid (7) partly contains the reservoir (15) andor the rising channel (22) andor the filling channel (24) andor the membrane lid (8) partly containscontain the displacement chamber andor the connection duct (37).
17. A microfluidic accumulating andor proportioning component comprising:
a reservoir (15) including an aeration port (26) and an outlet (30) for a liquid,
parallel capillary channels (20, 20) disposed in the reservoir (15) and leading to the outlet (30) of the reservoir (15) and capillary connections (29) directed transversely to the capillary channels and interconnecting adjacent capillary channels and connected to the outlet (30) the capillarity of which exceeds that of the capillary channels (20, 20).
18. The component as claimed in claim 17 wherein the outlet (30) of the reservoir (15) has a connection (22) to an inlet (36) of a displacement chamber (34) having a proportioning outlet (9) for a liquid.
19. The component as claimed in claim 17 wherein the capillary channels (20, 20) are defined by parallel lamellar strips (18, 18) and the capillary connections (29) are defined by transversely directed linking gaps between the lamellar strips (18, 18).
20. The component as claimed in claim 19 which has a planar basic body (6) which has lamellar strips (18) protruding on one side from the bottom (17) of an indentation (15) defining one part of the reservoir (15) and has a reservoir lid (7) disposed on this side of the basic body (6) which has lamellar strips (18) protruding from the bottom (17) of an indentation (15) defining a second part of the reservoir (15) wherein the lamellar strips (18) of the basic body (6) and the lamellar strips (18) of the reservoir lid (7) are flush with each other and the capillary connections (29) are located between the lamellar strips (18) of the basic body (6) and the lamellar strips (18) of the reservoir lid (7).
21. The component as claimed in claim 20 wherein the capillary connections (29) are disposed in the separation plane between the basic body (6) and the reservoir lid (7).
22. A microfluidic accumulating andor proportioning component comprising:
a reservoir (15) including an aeration port (26) and an outlet (30) for a liquid,
capillary channels (20, 20) disposed in the reservoir (15) and leading to the outlet, and
shoulders (21, 21) at the ends of the capillary channels (20, 20) in which outlet ports (30) of the outlet (30) for a liquid are disposed that have a cross-section smaller than that of the capillary channels (20, 20).
23. The component as claimed in claim 22 wherein the outlet (30) has a connection (22) including an inlet (36) of a displacement chamber (34) having a proportioning outlet (9) for a liquid.
24. The component as claimed in claim 22 wherein the capillary channels (20, 20) are parallel andor straight-lined.
25. The component as claimed in claim 22 wherein the outlet ports (30) are centrally oriented towards the capillary channels (20, 20).
26. The component as claimed in claim 22 wherein a planar basic body (6) has one part of the reservoir (15) on one side and a reservoir lid (7) disposed on this side has another part of the reservoir (15) and the shoulders (21, 21) have one part on the basic body (6) and another part on the reservoir lid (7).
27. A microfluidic accumulating andor proportioning component comprising:
a reservoir (15) including an aeration port (26) and an outlet (30) for a liquid,
wherein the aeration port (26) is disposed at a central location in the reservoir (15) at a distance from reservoir limitation walls so that if the reservoir (15) filled with a maximum admissible liquid volume is randomly oriented no liquid exits to the outside through the aeration port (26).
28. The component as claimed in claim 27 wherein the outlet (30) of the reservoir (15) has a connection (22) to the inlet (36) of a displacement chamber (34) including a proportioning outlet (9) for a liquid.
29. The component as claimed in claim 27 wherein the reservoir (15) has a part including capillary cavities (20, 20) and a part free from capillary cavities in which the aeration port (26) is disposed.
30. The component as claimed in claim 27 wherein the part of the reservoir (15) which is free from capillary cavities (20, 20) is adapted to receive approximately the same liquid volume as is the part of the reservoir (15) in which the capillary cavities are.
31. The component as claimed in claim 27 wherein the aeration port (26) has a sharp-edged bordering.
32. The component as claimed in claim 27 wherein the reservoir (15) is at least partly formed as an indentation (15) in one side of a planar basic body (6) and a spigot (25) protrudes from the bottom of the indentation (15) the free end of which has disposed thereon the aeration port (26) from which an aeration channel (27) extends into the basic body (6) through the spigot (25) and extends to an outwardly leading mouth (10) through the wall of the basic body (6).
33. The component as claimed in claim 32 wherein a reservoir lid (7) is disposed on the side of the basic body (6) including the aeration port (26) and which has an indentation (15) defining another part of the reservoir (15).
34. The component as claimed in claim 32 wherein the aeration port (26) is disposed in the separation plane of the basic body (6) and the reservoir lid (7).
35. The component as claimed in claim 32 wherein the aeration port (26) traverses the basic body (6) and has an open portion on the other side of the basic body.
36. The component as claimed in claim 32 wherein the aeration port (26) has its mouth (10) in a end face of the basic body (6) in which also the proportioning outlet (9) has its mouth.
37. A microfluidic accumulating andor proportioning component, comprising:
a reservoir (15) including an aeration port (26),
a displacement chamber (34) connected to the reservoir (15) including a proportioning outlet (9),
a body (1) comprising the reservoir (15) and the displacement chamber (34), and
an inscription flag (13) connected to the body (1) via a web (12).
38. The component as claimed in claim 37 wherein the body (1) and the inscription flag (13) are plate-shaped.
39. The component as claimed in claim 37 wherein said body (1) and said inscription flag (13) are oriented perpendicularly to each other.
40. The component as claimed in claim 37 wherein a slit (14) is located between said inscription flag (13) and said body (1) to receive a casing portion of a device accommodating the component.
41. A microfluidic accumulating andor proportioning component, comprising:
a reservoir (15) including an aeration port (26),
a displacement chamber (34) connected to the reservoir (15) including a proportioning outlet (9),
a body (1) in which the reservoir (15) and the displacement chamber (34) are formed and which has the proportioning outlet (9) andor a mouth (10) of the aeration port (26) in a end face (2), and
a catch contour (3, 3) formed at the end face (2) including the pro-portioning outlet.
42. The component as claimed in claim 41 wherein the catch contour (3, 3) is of a dovetail shape.
43. The component as claimed in claim 41 wherein the catch contour (3, 3) is releasably connected to a closing cap to close the proportioning outlet (9) andor the mouth (10) or to an aim-taking aid to direct the proportioning outlet (9) to an object.
44. The component as claimed in claim 1 wherein the inlet (36) of the displacement chamber (34) has a throttle valve andor the proportioning outlet (9) has a nozzle.
45. The component as claimed in claim 1 which is releasably connected to a proportioning device which has an actuator acting on a wall (8) of the displacement chamber (34) of the component to shift the wall and to displace a liquid contained in the displacement chamber (34).
46. The component as claimed in claim 1 which is releasably connected to a proportioning device which has a filling-level sensor to sense the filling level in the connection duct (37).
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A diesel engine with a supercharger including a supercharger for taking in and pressurizing outside air and supplying the pressurized supercharged air into a cylinder, and a heat exchanger, which is provided in a supercharged air passage from an outlet port of said supercharger to an inlet port of said cylinder and cools the supercharged air from said supercharger,
wherein said heat exchanger is a hybrid type of heat exchanger comprising
a first heat exchanger for carrying out heat exchange between the supercharged air from the outlet port of said supercharger and a first heat exchange medium, and
a second heat exchanger for carrying out heat exchange between the supercharged air from an outlet port of said first heat exchanger and a second heat exchange medium having higher temperature than said first heat exchange medium, and
supplying the supercharged air after the heat exchange with said second heat exchange medium to said cylinder.
2. The diesel engine with the supercharger in accordance with claim 1,
wherein the engine is a water cooling type of engine with the supercharger using cooling water,
wherein said first heat exchange medium is outside air, and
wherein said second heat exchange medium is cooling water from said water cooling type of engine.
3. The diesel engine with the supercharger in accordance with claim 1,
wherein a fuel used is a water emulsion fuel.
4. The diesel engine with the supercharger in accordance with claim 3,
wherein the engine is a water cooling type of engine with the supercharger using cooling water,
wherein said first heat exchange medium is outside air, and
wherein said second heat exchange medium is cooling water from said water cooling type of engine.
5. The diesel engine with the supercharger in accordance with claim 1 or claim 3, further comprising:
load detecting means for detecting load of the engine; and
control means for receiving a detection signal from said load detecting means and controlling flow of said second heat exchange medium.
6. The diesel engine with the supercharger in accordance with claim 2 or claim 4, further comprising:
load detecting means for detecting load of said water cooling type of engine; and
control means for receiving a detection signal from said load detecting means and controlling flow of cooling water from said water cooling type of engine.
7. The diesel engine with the supercharger in accordance with claim 1 or claim 3, further comprising:
a pressure sensor which is provided between an outlet port of a compressor of said supercharger and an inlet port of said cylinder and detects supercharged air pressure; and
control means for receiving a detection signal from said pressure sensor and controlling flow of said second heat exchange medium,
wherein the engine is used at an almost constant engine speed.
8. The diesel engine with the supercharger in accordance with claim 2 or claim 4, further comprising:
a pressure sensor which is provided between an outlet port of a compressor of said supercharger and an inlet port of said cylinder and detects supercharged air pressure; and
control means for receiving a detection signal from said pressure sensor and controlling flow of cooling water from said water cooling type of engine,
wherein said water cooling type of engine is used at an almost constant engine speed.
9. A diesel engine with a supercharger including a supercharger for taking in and pressurizing outside air and supplying the pressurized supercharged air into a cylinder, and a heat exchanger, which is provided in a supercharged air passage from an outlet port of said supercharger to an inlet port of said cylinder and cools the supercharged air from said supercharger,
wherein a fuel used is a fuel inferior to light oil in ignitability, and
wherein said diesel engine with the supercharger comprises means for maintaining temperature of the supercharged air supplied to said cylinder at a predetermined value.