1. A photosensitive composition comprising (A) a resin increasing the solubility in an alkaline developer by the action of an acid, wherein the resin (A) comprises at least one repeating unit selected from the group consisting of:
(a) a repeating unit comprising: at least one of a hydroxyl group and a group where a hydrogen atom of a hydroxyl group is substituted with a group selected from an acyl group, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group and an acid decomposable group; and a group having a lactone structure; and
(b) a repeating unit comprising a group having a lactone structure, in which a 5- or 6-membered ring is fused.
2. The photosensitive composition according to claim 1, wherein the resin (A) comprises a repeating unit having at least one structure selected from structures represented by the following general formulae (I) to (III):
wherein
X represents \u2014CH2\u2014, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, or \u2014C(\u2550O)\u2014,
Lc represents a group for forming a lactone,
Ra1 and Ra2 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an acyl group, or an acid decomposable group,
Ra3 represents a carboxyl group, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an acyloxy group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, or a group having an acid decomposable group,
two of Ra1 to Ra3 may combine together to form a ring,
X1 represents \u2014CH2\u2014, \u2014CH2CH2\u2014, \u2014CH2O\u2014, \u2014O\u2014, \u2014S\u2014, or \u2014CH2S\u2014,
n represents an integer of 1 or 2,
n1 and n2 each represents an integer of from 0 to 3, with proviso that (n, +n2) represents an integer of from 1 to 6, and
n3 represents an integer of from 0 to 3.
3. The photosensitive composition according to claim 1, wherein the resin (A) comprises a repeating unit containing at least one structure selected from structures represented by the following general formulae (I\u2032) to (III\u2032):
wherein Ra1 and Ra2 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an acyl group or an acid decomposable group,
Ra1 and Ra2 may combine together to form a ring, and
X1 represents \u2014CH2\u2014, \u2014CH2CH2\u2014, \u2014CH2O\u2014, \u2014O\u2014, \u2014S\u2014, or \u2014CH2S\u2014.
4. The photosensitive composition according to claim 1, wherein the resin (A) comprises at least one repeating unit selected from repeating units represented by the following general formulae (Ia) to (IIIa):
wherein
Rb1 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or \u2014CH2\u2014O\u2014Rb2, wherein Rb2 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an acyl group, or a group having a lactone structure,
Rc represents a single bond or a divalent connecting group,
X represents \u2014CH2\u2014, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, or \u2014C(\u2550O)\u2014,
Lc represents a group for forming a lactone,
Ra1 and Ra2 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an acyl group, or an acid decomposable group,
Ra3 represents a carboxyl group, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an acyloxy group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, or a group having an acid decomposable group,
two of Ra1 to Ra3 may combine together to form a ring,
X1 represents \u2014CH2\u2014, \u2014CH2CH2\u2014, \u2014CH2O\u2014, \u2014O\u2014, \u2014S\u2014, or \u2014CH2S\u2014,
n represents an integer of 1 or 2,
n1 and n2 each represents an integer of from 0 to 3, with proviso that (n, +n2) represents an integer of from 1 to 6, and
n3 represents an integer of from 0 to 3.
5. The photosensitive composition according to claim 1, wherein the resin (A) comprises at least one repeating unit selected from repeating units represented by the following general formulae (Ia-1) to (IIIa-1):
wherein
Rb1 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, or \u2014CH2\u2014O\u2014Rb2a, wherein Rb2a represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an acyl group, or a group having a lactone structure,
Rc represents a single bond or a divalent connecting group,
Ra1 and Ra2 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an acyl group, or an acid decomposable group,
Ra3 represents a carboxyl group, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an acyloxy group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, or a group having an acid decomposable group,
two of Ra1 to Ra3 may combine together to form a ring,
X2 represents a single bond or \u2014CH2\u2014,
X3 represents a single bond or \u2014CH2\u2014,
X4 represents a single bond, \u2014CH2\u2014, \u2014CH2CH2\u2014, \u2014CH2O\u2014, \u2014O\u2014, \u2014S\u2014, or \u2014CH2S\u2014,
X5 represents a single bond, \u2014CH2\u2014, \u2014CH2CH2\u2014, \u2014CH2O\u2014, \u2014O\u2014, \u2014S\u2014, or \u2014CH2S\u2014,
the sum of the number of atoms exclusive of a hydrogen atom of X4 and X5 is 1 or 2, and
n3 represents an integer of from 0 to 3.
6. The photosensitive composition according to claim 1, wherein the resin (A) comprises at least one repeating unit selected from repeating units represented by the following general formulae (Ia\u2033), (IIa\u2032), (IIa\u2033), (IIIa\u2032) and (IIIa\u2033):
wherein
Rb1 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, or \u2014CH2\u2014O\u2014Rb2a, wherein Rb2a represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an acyl group, or a group having a lactone structure,
Rc represents a single bond or a divalent connecting group,
Ra1 and Ra2 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an acyl group, or an acid decomposable group,
Ra1 and Ra2 may combine together to form a ring,
X1 represents \u2014CH2\u2014, \u2014CH2CH2\u2014, \u2014CH2O\u2014, \u2014O\u2014, \u2014S\u2014, or \u2014CH2S\u2014,
Y2 and Y3 each independently represents \u2014CH2\u2014, \u2014CH2CH2\u2014, \u2014O\u2014, or \u2014S\u2014,
Rb2, Rb3, and Rb4 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, or an alkoxycarbonyl group,
n4 represents 0 or 1.
7. A resin having at least one repeating unit selected from repeating units having a structure represented by the following general formulae (I\u2032) to (III\u2032):
wherein
Ra1 and Ra2 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an acyl group, or an acid decomposable group,
Ra1 and Ra2 may combine together to form a ring, and
X1 represents \u2014CH2\u2014, \u2014CH2CH2\u2014, \u2014CH2O\u2014, \u2014O\u2014, \u2014S\u2014, or \u2014CH2S\u2014.
8. A resin having at least one repeating unit selected from repeating units represented by the following general formulae (Ia) to (IIIa):
wherein
Rb1 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, or \u2014CH2\u2014O\u2014Rb2a, wherein Rb2a represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an acyl group, or a group having a lactone structure,
Rc represents a single bond or a divalent connecting group,
X represents \u2014CH2\u2014, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, or \u2014C(\u2550O)\u2014,
Lc represents a group for forming a lactone,
Ra1 and Ra2 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an acyl group, or an acid decomposable group,
Ra3 represents a carboxyl group, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an acyloxy group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, or a group having an acid decomposable group,
two of Ra1 to Ra3 may combine together to form a ring,
X1 represents \u2014CH2\u2014, \u2014CH2CH2\u2014, \u2014CH2O\u2014, \u2014O\u2014, \u2014S\u2014, or \u2014CH2S\u2014,
n represents an integer of 1 or 2,
n1 and n2 each represents an integer of from 0 to 3, with proviso that (n1+n2) represents an integer of from 1 to 6, and
n3 represents an integer of from 0 to 3.
9. A resin having at least one repeating unit selected from repeating units represented by the following general formulae (Ia\u2032), (Ia\u2033), (Iha\u2032), (IIa\u2033), (IIIa\u2032) and (IIIa\u2033):
wherein
Rb1 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, or \u2014CH2\u2014O\u2014Rb2a, wherein Rb2a represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an acyl group, or a group having a lactone structure,
Rc represents a single bond or a divalent connecting group,
Ra1 and Ra2 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an acyl group, or an acid decomposable group,
Ra1 and Ra2 may combine together to form a ring,
X1 represents \u2014CH2\u2014, \u2014CH2CH2\u2014, \u2014CH2O\u2014, \u2014O\u2014, \u2014S\u2014, or \u2014CH2S\u2014,
Y2 and Y3 each independently represents \u2014CH2\u2014, \u2014CH2CH2\u2014, \u2014O\u2014, or \u2014S\u2014,
Rb2, Rb3, and Rb4 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, or an alkoxycarbonyl group, and
n4 represents 0 or 1.
10. A polymerizable compound containing a structure represented by any one of the following general formulae (I\u2032) to (III\u2032):
wherein
Ra1 and Ra2 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an acyl group, or an acid decomposable group,
Ra1 and Ra2 may combine together to form a ring, and
X1 represents \u2014CH2\u2014, \u2014CH2CH2\u2014, \u2014CH2O\u2014, \u2014O\u2014, \u2014S\u2014, or \u2014CH2S\u2014.
11. A polymerizable compound represented by any one of the following general formulae (Ib) to (IIIb):
wherein
Rb1 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, or \u2014CH2\u2014O\u2014Rb2a, wherein Rb2a represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an acyl group, or a group having a lactone structure,
Rc represents a single bond or a divalent connecting group,
X represents \u2014CH2\u2014, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, or \u2014C(\u2550O)\u2014,
Lc represents a group for forming a lactone,
Ra1 and Ra2 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an acyl group, or an acid decomposable group,
Ra3 represents a carboxyl group, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an acyloxy group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, or a group having an acid decomposable group,
two of Ra1 to Ra3 may combine together to form a ring,
X1 represents \u2014CH2\u2014, \u2014CH2CH2\u2014, \u2014CH2O\u2014, \u2014O\u2014, \u2014S\u2014, or \u2014CH2S\u2014,
n represents an integer of 1 or 2,
1 and n2 each represents an integer of from 0 to 3, with proviso that (n, +n2) represents an integer of from 1 to 6, and
n3 represents an integer of from 0 to 3.
12. A polymerizable compound represented by any one of the following general formulae (Ib\u2032), (Ib\u2033), (IIb\u2032-1), (IIb\u2033-1), (IIIb\u2032-1) and (IIIb\u2033-1):
wherein
Rb1 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, or \u2014CH2\u2014O\u2014Rb2a, wherein Rb2a represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an acyl group, or a group having a lactone structure,
Rc represents a single bond or a divalent connecting group,
Ra1 and Ra2 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an acyl group, or an acid decomposable group,
Ra1 and Ra2 may combine together to form a ring,
X1 represents \u2014CH2\u2014, \u2014CH2CH2\u2014, \u2014CH2O\u2014, \u2014O\u2014, \u2014S\u2014, or \u2014CH2S\u2014,
Y2 and Y3 each independently represents \u2014CH2\u2014, \u2014CH2CH2\u2014, \u2014O\u2014, or \u2014S\u2014,
Rb2, Rb3, and Rb4 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, or an alkoxycarbonyl group, and
n4 represents 0 or 1.
13. A method for forming a pattern, which comprises: forming a film from the photosensitive composition according to claim 1; exposing the film; and then developing the exposed film.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. An unobtrusive system for monitoring the physiological condition of a target user of a vehicle comprising:
a wearable device affixed to the target user;
a measurement subsystem releasably coupled to the wearable device configured to measure a concentration of at least one analyte in the blood of the target user at one or more time increments;
a proximity sensor configured to detect the location of the wearable device; and
a vehicle control subsystem responsive to the proximity sensor and the measurement subsystem configured to determine if the wearable device is proximate a predetermined location in the vehicle and configured to determine if the measured concentration of the at least one analyte exceeds a predetermined threshold concentration level, and based on such a determination, initiate one or more predetermined actions.
2. The system of claim 1 in which the at least one analyte includes an analyte chosen from the group consisting of: alcohol, drugs, glucose, proteins, enzymes, hormones, glucose ethanol, insulin, water, carbon dioxide, blood oxygen, cholesterol, bilirubin, ketones, fatty acids, lipoproteins, albumin, urea, creatinine, white blood cells, red blood cells, hemoglobin, oxygenated hemoglobin, carboxyhemoglobin, organic molecules, inorganic molecules, pharmaceuticals, narcotics, tetrahydrocannabinol, cytochrome, various proteins and chromophores, microcalcifications, electrolytes, sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, and hormones.
3. The system of claim 1 in which the measurement subsystem is configured as an infrared spectrometer.
4. The system of claim 3 in which the infrared spectrometer includes one or more processors and a power supply located in the measurement subsystem and one or more processors, a light source, and a photodetector located in the wearable device.
5. The system of claim 4 in which the light source emits light at a predetermined wavelength into the subcutaneous layer of the skin of the target user and the photodetector detects the wavelength of the reflected light emitted the subcutaneous layer of the skin of the target user.
6. The system of claim 5 in which the measurement subsystem determines a change in the wavelength of the light emitted by the light source and the light detected by the photodetector to determine the concentration of the at least one analyte in the blood of the target user.
7. The system of claim 1 in which the measurement subsystem is uniquely matched to the wearable device.
8. The system of claim 7 in which the measurement subsystem includes a unique RF ID tag.
9. The system of claim 8 in which the wearable device includes a unique RF ID tag.
10. The system of claim 9 in which the measurement subsystem is configured to transmit physiological data of the measured concentration of the at least one analyte in the blood of the target user to the vehicle control subsystem when the RF ID tag of the measurement subsystem uniquely matches the RF ID tag of the wearable device.
11. The system of claim 9 in which the wearable device includes a processor configured to determine the identity of the RF ID tag of the wearable device.
12. The system of claim 11 in which the measurement subsystem includes a processor configured to determine if the identity of RF ID tag located in the measurement subsystem and if the RF ID tag of the measurement subsystem uniquely matches the RF ID tag of the wearable device.
13. The system of claim 11 in which the vehicle control subsystem includes one or more processors, one or more transmitters and one or more receivers.
14. The system of claim 13 further including a power supply coupled to the vehicle control system.
15. The system of claim 11 in which the wearable device includes one or more processors and one or more transmitters.
16. The system of claim 1 in which the wearable device includes a tamper proof bracket.
17. The system of claim 1 in which the wearable device includes a tamper proof anklet.
18. The system of claim 1 in which the wearable deice is coupled to the measurement subsystem by one or more electrical contacts.
19. The system of claim 4 in which the measurement subsystem includes one or more contacts for connecting to a power source for recharging the power supply.
20. The system of claim 4 further including one or more gaskets disposed between the measurement subsystem and the wearable device configured to adjust the distance between the measurement subsystem and the wearable device and minimize extraneous light.
21. The system of claim 1 in which the proximity sensor includes a DC pulse magnetic resonator configured to detect the distance and spatial orientation of a magnetic sensor located in the wearable device.
22. The system of claim 21 in which the proximity sensor is located in the vehicle.
23. The system of claim 21 in which the proximity sensor is located proximate the steering column of the vehicle.
24. The system of claim 21 in which the vehicle control system, responsive to signals from the proximity sensor, defines the predetermined location in the vehicle.
25. The system of claim 24 in which the vehicle control system is configured to determine if the wearable device is proximate the predetermined location in the vehicle.
26. The system of claim 25 in which the predetermined location is the area proximate the driver’s area of the vehicle.
27. The system of claim 26 in which the proximity sensor communicates to the vehicle control subsystem by a direct connection.
28. The system of claim 27 in which the proximity sensor communicates to the vehicle control system wirelessly.
29. The system of claim 1 in which the one or more time increments include a first time the target user starts the vehicle and thereafter at random andor predetermined time increments.
30. The system of claim 1 in which the one or more predetermined actions include an action chosen from the group consisting of: not allowing the vehicle to start, speed governing of the vehicle, a global positioning system response to law enforcement personnel as to the location of the vehicle, emitting light from the vehicle, and emitting sound from the vehicle.
31. The system of claim 1 in which the predetermined threshold concentration level includes about 0.08% alcohol in the blood of the target user, andor a measurable amount of illegal drugs in the blood of the target user andor a change in protein-c levels in the blood of the target user that may be indicative of a heart attack in the blood of the target user andor an unsafe blood glucose level in the blood of the target user.
32. An unobtrusive method for monitoring the physiological condition of a target user of a vehicle comprising:
affixing a wearable device to a target user;
measuring the concentration of at least one analyte in the blood of a target user in the vehicle one or more time increments;
determining if the wearable device is proximate a predetermined location in the vehicle; and
determining if the measured concentration of at least one analyte exceeds a predetermined threshold concentration level and based on such a determination, initiate one or more predetermined actions.
33. The method of claim 32 in which the at least one analyte includes an analyte chosen from the group consisting of: alcohol, drugs, glucose, proteins, enzymes, hormones, glucose ethanol, insulin, water, carbon dioxide, blood oxygen, cholesterol, bilirubin, ketones, fatty acids, lipoproteins, albumin, urea, creatinine, white blood cells, red blood cells, hemoglobin, oxygenated hemoglobin, carboxyhemoglobin, organic molecules, inorganic molecules, pharmaceuticals, narcotics, tetrahydrocannabinol, cytochrome, various proteins and chromophores, microcalcifications, electrolytes, sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, and hormones.
34. The method of claim 32 further including the step of emitting light at a predetermined wavelength into the subcutaneous layer of the skin of a target user and detecting the wavelength of the light emitted from the subcutaneous layer of the skin of the target user.
35. The method of claim 34 further including the step of determining a change in the wavelength of the light emitted into the subcutaneous layer of the skin of the target user, and the light emitted out of the subcutaneous layer of the skin of the target user to determine the concentration of the at least one analyte in the blood of the target user.
36. The method of claim 32 further including the step of determining if the wearable device is uniquely matched to the measurement subsystem.
37. The method of claim 32 in which the one or more actions include an action chosen from the group consisting of: not allowing the vehicle to start, speed governing of the vehicle, a global positioning system response to law enforcement personnel as to the location of the vehicle, emitting light from the vehicle, and emitting sound from the vehicle.
38. The method of claim 32 in which the predetermined threshold concentration level includes about 0.08% alcohol in the blood of the target user andor a measurable amount of illegal drugs in the blood of the target user andor a change in protein-c levels that may be indicative of a heart attack in the blood of the target user andor an unsafe blood glucose level in the blood of the target user.