1. A method of treating ocular pain in a person, the method comprising the step of administering at least once daily to an eye of the person a first composition comprising about 0.4% wv ketorolac tromethamine, wherein the method reduces ocular pain and results in less ocular side effects as compared to the at least once daily administration to an eye of a second composition comprising 0.5% wv ketorolac tromethamine;
wherein the side effects include at least one side effect selected from the group consisting of stinging and foreign body sensation.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first composition is administered four times daily.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein administration of the first composition results in increased ocular comfort as compared to the administration to the eye of the second composition.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein administration of the first composition results in increased ocular comfort as compared to the administration to the eye of the second composition.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the first composition is as effective in treating ocular pain as the second composition, despite having a lower concentration of ketorolac tromethamine.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the administration is by topical instillation.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the first composition comprises edetate disodium.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the person is experiencing ocular pain due to corneal refractive surgery.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the method results in analgesic activity to the patient’s eye.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the method reduces pain and ocular stinging after ophthalmic surgery.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein the surgery is corneal refractive surgery.
12. The method of claim 1, wherein the method reduces ocular burning after ophthalmic surgery.
13. The method of claim 1 wherein the first composition comprises 0.4% ketorolac tromethamine and about 0.006% benzalkonium chloride.
14. The method of claim 1 wherein the first composition comprises 0.4% wv ketorolac tromethamine, about 0.006% wv benzalkonium chloride and about 0.015% wv edetate disodium.
15. The method of claim 1 wherein the first composition comprises 0.4% wv ketorolac tromethamine, about 0.006% wv benzalkonium chloride, about 0.015% wv edetate disodium and about 0.003% wv octoxynol 40.
16. The method of claim 1 wherein the first composition comprises 0.4% wv ketorolac tromethamine, about 0.006% wv benzalkonium chloride, about 0.015% wv edetate disodium, about 0.003% wv octoxynol 40 and water.
17. The method of claim 1 wherein the first composition comprises 0.4% wv ketorolac tromethamine, about 0.006% wv benzalkonium chloride, about 0.015% wv edetate disodium, about 0.003% wv octoxynol 40, water and hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide to adjust the pH to about 7.4.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. An image forming apparatus comprising:
first and second image forming devices each of which includes a photosensitive member, a light source that emits a light beam, and a developing member movable between a developing position and a retracted position retracted from the developing position;
a polygon mirror that rotates and reflects each of the light beams emitted from the light sources of the first and second image forming devices;
a detector that detects the light beam emitted from the light source of the second image forming device and reflected by the polygon mirror; and
an adjustment device configured to perform an adjustment processing of adjusting a rotation velocity of the polygon mirror based on an output of the detector, the output being obtained during a period when the light beam is emitted from the light source of the second image forming device while the polygon mirror rotates so that the photosensitive member of the second image forming device and the detector are irradiated with the light beam emitted from the light source of the second image forming device and reflected by the polygon mirror,
wherein each of the first and second image forming devices forms a latent image by irradiating the photosensitive member with the light beam emitted from the light source and then reflected by the polygon mirror and each is configured to develop the latent image with toner in order from the first image forming device to the second image forming device by the developing member at the developing position, in each of the first and second image forming devices,
wherein the adjustment device performs the adjustment processing before the first image forming device forms a latent image on the photosensitive member, and
wherein the developing member of the first image forming device starts moving to the developing position before the adjustment processing is finished, and the developing member of the second image forming device is positioned at the retracted position while the adjustment processing is performed.
2. An image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein during the moving of the developing member of the first image forming device to the developing position, the light source of the first image forming device emits the light beam at a light intensity in which toner does not adhere to the photosensitive member of the first image forming device.
3. An image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein during the adjustment processing of the adjustment device, the developing member of the second image forming device is at the position retracted from the developing position.
4. An image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the image forming processing by the first image forming device and the image forming processing by the second image forming device are performed after the adjustment processing of the adjustment device is finished.
5. An image forming apparatus according to claim 4, wherein after the adjustment processing is finished and before the image forming processing is performed by the second image forming device, the developing member of the second image forming device reaches the developing position.
6. An image forming apparatus according to claim 4, further comprising an endless belt that is contactable with the photosensitive members of the first and second image forming devices, wherein the photosensitive member of the second image forming device is arranged downstream of the photosensitive member of the first image forming device in a rotational direction of the endless belt.
7. An image forming apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the light beams emitted from the light sources of the first and second image forming devices are incident on an identical surface of the polygon mirror at timing identical with each other.
8. An image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein after the adjustment processing is finished, the light source of the second image forming device emits the light beam at a timing when the light beam has not reached the photosensitive member of the second image forming device, and the detector detects the light beam emitted at the timing when the light beam has not reached the photosensitive member, and
the first image forming device allows the light source of the first image forming device to emit the light beam based on the timing of detection by the detector to perform the image forming processing.
9. An image forming apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising an endless belt that is contactable with the photosensitive members of the first and second image forming devices,
wherein the adjustment device performs the adjustment processing while the endless belt is in contact with the photosensitive member of the first image forming device.
10. An image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the developing member is in contact with the corresponding photosensitive member at the developing position.
11. An image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein before the adjustment processing is finished, the developing member of the first image forming device starts moving from the retracted position to the developing position.
12. An image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein before the adjustment processing is finished, the developing member of the first image forming device starts moving from the retracted position and reaches to the developing position.
13. An image forming apparatus comprising:
first and second image forming devices each of which includes a photosensitive member, a light source emitting a light beam, and a developing member movable between a developing position and a position retracted from the developing position;
a polygon mirror that rotates and reflects the light beams emitted from the respective light sources of the first and second image forming devices;
a detector that detects the light beam emitted from the light source of the second image forming device and reflected by the polygon mirror; and
an adjustment device that performs adjustment processing of adjusting a rotation velocity of the polygon mirror based on an output of the detector,
wherein the first and second image forming devices can perform image forming processing that forms latent images on the respective photosensitive members by allowing the polygon mirror to reflect the light beams emitted from the light sources and emitting the light beams into the photosensitive members, and causes the developing members at the developing positions to develop the latent images with toner,
wherein before the first image forming device performs the image forming processing, the adjustment device performs the adjustment processing while causing the light source of the second image forming device to emit the light beam during a time period including at least a time period in which the photosensitive member of the second image forming device is emitted with the light beam, and, before the adjustment processing is finished, the first image forming device starts to move the developing member to the developing position, and
wherein during a period from starting movement of the developing member of the first image forming device to the developing position to completion of the adjustment processing of the adjustment device, the light source of the first image forming device is not caused to emit the light beam.
14. An image forming apparatus according to claim 13, wherein during the adjustment processing of the adjustment device, the developing member of the second image forming device is at the position retracted from the developing position.
15. An image forming apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the image forming processing by the first image forming device and the image forming processing by the second image forming device are performed after the adjustment processing of the adjustment device is finished.
16. An image forming apparatus according to claim 15, wherein after the adjustment processing is finished and before the image forming processing is performed by the second image forming device, the developing member of the second image forming device reaches the developing position.
17. An image forming apparatus according to claim 15, further comprising an endless belt that is contactable with the photosensitive members of the first and second image forming devices, wherein the photosensitive member of the second image forming device is arranged downstream of the photosensitive member of the first image forming device in a rotational direction of the endless belt.
18. An image forming apparatus according to claim 15, wherein the light beams emitted from the light sources of the first and second image forming devices are incident on an identical surface of the polygon mirror at timing identical with each other.
19. An image forming apparatus according to claim 13, wherein after the adjustment processing is finished, the light source of the second image forming device emits the light beam at a timing when the light beam has not reached the photosensitive member of the second image forming device, and the detector detects the light beam emitted at the timing when the light beam has not reached the photosensitive member, and
the first image forming device allows the light source of the first image forming device to emit the light beam based on the timing of detection by the detector to perform the image forming processing.
20. An image forming apparatus according to claim 13, further comprising an endless belt that is contactable with the photosensitive members of the first and second image forming devices,
wherein the adjustment device performs the adjustment processing while the endless belt is in contact with the photosensitive member of the first image forming device.
21. An image forming apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the developing member is in contact with the corresponding photosensitive member at the developing position.
22. An image forming apparatus comprising:
first and second image forming devices each of which includes a photosensitive member, a light source that emits a light beam, and a developing member movable between a developing position and a retracted position retracted from the developing position;
a polygon mirror that rotates and reflects each of the light beams emitted from the light sources of the first and second image forming devices;
a detector that detects the light beam emitted from the light source of the second image forming device and reflected by the polygon mirror; and
an adjustment device configured to perform an adjustment processing of adjusting a rotation velocity of the polygon mirror based on an output of the detector, the output being obtained during a period when the light beam is emitted from the light source of the second image forming device while the polygon mirror rotates so that the photosensitive member of the second image forming device and the detector are irradiated with the light beam emitted from the light source of the second image forming device and reflected by the polygon mirror,
wherein each of the first and second image forming devices forms a latent image by irradiating the photosensitive member with the light beam emitted from the light source and then reflected by the polygon mirror and each is configured to develop the latent image with toner in order from the first image forming device to the second image forming device by the developing member at the developing position, in each of the first and second image forming devices,
wherein the adjustment device performs the adjustment processing before the first image forming device forms a latent image on the photosensitive member, and
wherein the developing member of the first image forming device reaches the developing position before the adjustment processing is finished.