1. An apparatus, comprising:
an expandable implant configured to be deployed within an aneurysm of a patient, the expandable implant having a first portion and a second portion coupled to the first portion, wherein
each of the first portion and the second portion are formed of a porous mesh, the porous mesh formed of a plurality of wires braided to form the porous mesh, the wires including a platinum core and a nitinol outer portion surrounding the platinum core,
the first portion and the second portion each include a plurality of flattened, petal-shaped portions
having a concave surface and a convex surface on an opposite side of the concave surface, and
wherein the expandable implant is movable between a first configuration and a second expanded three-dimensional configuration, wherein
in the first configuration, the plurality of the petal-shaped portions of each of the first portion and the second portion are substantially linearly aligned along an axis, and
in the second configuration
the petal-shaped portions of the second portion form at least a portion of an outer boundary of the expandable implant, wherein at least a portion of the outer boundary is configured to be positioned across at least a portion of a neck of the aneurysm, and wherein at least one of the plurality of petal-shaped portions of each of the first portion andor the second portion is completely offset from the axis, and
a concave surface of at least one of the petal-shaped portions of the first portion and the second portion contacts a convex surface of at least one of the petal-shaped portions of the other of the first portion or the second portion.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein a percentage of a diameter of the wires including the platinum core is in a range of 5% and 50%.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the platinum core of the wires is about 30% of a diameter of the wire and the nitinol outer portion is about 70% of the diameter of the wire.
4. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a delivery device removably coupled to the expandable implant.
5. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a lead-in member coupled to a distal end portion of the expandable implant, the lead-in member having a biased curved configuration when not constrained and a substantially linear configuration when constrained.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the first portion of the expandable implant is coupled to the second portion of the expandable implant at an articulation joint.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the expandable implant includes a suture strand that extends along a length of the expandable and wherein the first portion of the expandable implant is coupled to the second portion of the expandable implant with the suture strand.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the first portion and the second portion each include a petal-shaped portion that has a thickness that is less than a width and less than a length of the petal shaped portion.
9. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the porous mesh material includes a two-layer ribbon-shaped strand formed of a flattened tubular porous mesh structure having an elongate lumen therethrough.
10. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein the tubular structure includes wire braided to form the tubular porous mesh structure.
11. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein the wire has a platinum core and a nitinol outer portion surrounding the platinum core.
12. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a radiopaque coil extending along a length of the expandable implant.
13. The apparatus of claim 12 wherein the coil includes platinum.
14. The apparatus of claim 12, further comprising a suture strand disposed within the radiopaque coil and extending along a length of the expandable implant.
15. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the expandable implant in the second expanded three-dimensional configuration is compliant allowing contact with at least a portion of a wall of an irregularly shaped sac of the aneurysm.
16. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein each of the plurality of petal-shaped portions are coupled together with an articulation segment.
17. The apparatus of claim 16 wherein, when in the second expanded three-dimensional configuration, the petal-shaped portions each have a first cross-sectional dimension that is greater than a first cross-sectional dimension of the articulation segment and the petal-shaped portions each have a second cross-sectional dimension that is substantially the same as a second cross-sectional dimension of the articulation segment.
18. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first portion of the expandable implant is coupled to the second portion of the expandable implant with an articulation segment between the first portion and the second portion.
19. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a radiopaque coil extending along a length of the expandable implant.
20. The apparatus of claim 19 wherein the radiopaque coil includes platinum.
21. The apparatus of claim 19, further comprising a suture strand disposed with the radiopaque coil and extending along a length of the expandable implant.
22. An apparatus, comprising:
an expandable implant configured to be deployed within an aneurysm of a patient and occupy at least a portion of a volume defined by a sac of the aneurysm, wherein at least a portion of the expandable implant is configured to be positioned across at least a portion of a neck of the aneurysm, and wherein
the expandable implant includes a first portion and a second portion, and wherein the first portion is configured to be deployed within the aneurysm such that a portion of the first portion at least partially overlaps with a portion of the second portion,
each of the first and second portions include a plurality of petal-shaped portions, wherein each of the petal-shaped portions is formed of a ribbon-shaped strand, and wherein the ribbon-shaped strand is formed of a flattened tubular braid, and wherein
the braid is made of a plurality of wires each of the wires having a platinum core surrounded by a nitinol outer portion, and
the braid has a first layer and a second layer, and wherein the first layer and the second layer each have a concave surface and a convex surface, and wherein the convex surface of one of the first layer and the second layer is in apposition with the concave surface of the other of the first layer and the second layer, and
the expandable implant has a three-dimensional shape in an expanded configuration, and wherein at least a portion of the second portion is configured to be deployed within the aneurysm and across at least a portion of the neck of the aneurysm and expanded to form at least a portion of an outer layer of the three-dimensional expandable implant.
23. The apparatus of claim 22 wherein, when the expandable implant is in the expanded configuration, a width of each of the second portion’s petal-shaped portions is larger than a width of each of the first portion’s petal-shaped portions.
24. The apparatus of claim 23 wherein, when the expandable implant is in the expanded configuration, each of the first portion’s petal-shaped portions has a diameter of about 2 mm to 12 mm, and each of the second portion’s petal-shaped portions has a diameter of about 3 mm to 13 mm.
25. The apparatus of claim 22, further comprising a lead-in member coupled to a distal portion of the expandable implant.
26. The apparatus of claim 25 wherein the lead-in member has a biased curved configuration when not constrained and a substantially linear configuration when constrained.
27. The apparatus of claim 25 wherein the lead-in member is crimped to the distal end of the expandable implant.
28. The apparatus of claim 25 wherein the expandable implant includes a marker band disposed at the distal end of the expandable implant, the lead-in member being coupled to the expandable implant with the marker band.
29. The apparatus of claim 22 wherein the first portion is coupled to the second portion with an articulation segment between the first portion and the second portion.
30. The apparatus of claim 22 wherein the first layer of the porous braid is offset from the second layer.
31. The apparatus of claim 22, further comprising a platinum wire extending along a length of the expandable implant.
32. The apparatus of claim 22 wherein the wires are braided to form a tubular structure having an elongate lumen therethrough.
33. The apparatus of claim 32 wherein the wire has a platinum core and a nitinol outer portion substantially surrounding the platinum core.
34. The apparatus of claim 33 wherein the platinum core of the wire is about 30% of a diameter of the wire and the nitinol outer portion is about 70% of the diameter of the wire.
35. The apparatus of claim 22, further comprising a radiopaque coil extending along a length of the expandable implant.
36. The apparatus of claim 35 wherein the radiopaque coil includes platinum.
37. The apparatus of claim 35, further comprising a suture strand disposed within the radiopaque coil and extending along a length of the expandable implant.
38. The apparatus of claim 22 further comprising a delivery device removably coupled to the expandable implant.
39. The apparatus of claim 22 wherein the expandable implant in the expanded configuration is compliant allowing contact with at least a portion of a wall of an irregularly shaped sac of the aneurysm.
40. The apparatus of claim 22 wherein each of the plurality of petal-shaped portions are coupled together with an articulation segment.
41. The apparatus of claim 40 wherein, when in the expanded configuration, the petal-shaped portions each have a first cross-sectional dimension that is greater than a first cross-sectional dimension of the articulation segment and the petal-shaped portions each have a second cross-sectional dimension that is substantially the same as a second cross-sectional dimension of the articulation segment.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
What is claimed is:
1. A wavefront aberration correction system for an adaptive optic having a light-reflecting surface, a back surface opposite thereto and a perimeter, said correction system comprising a plurality of correction units each comprising:
an actuator disposed outside the perimeter of said adaptive optic;
a force-applying member attached to the back surface of said adaptive optic at a specified position; and
a force-communicating device connecting said actuator with said force-applying member.
2. The wavefront aberration correction system of claim 1 wherein said force-applying member comprises a flexure.
3. The wavefront aberration correction system of claim 1 wherein said force-communicating device is supported rotatably around a flexural pivot.
4. The wavefront aberration correction system of claim 1 wherein said force-communicating device comprises a lever supported rotatably around a pivot, said actuator applying an actuating force in a selected direction to said lever and thereby applying an aberration correcting force parallel to said selected direction to said specified position through said force-applying member.
5. The wavefront aberration correction system of claim 1 wherein said force-communicating device comprises a bell-crank supported rotatably around a pivot, said actuator applying an actuating force parallel to said back surface of said adaptive optic to one end portion of said bell-crank on one side of said pivot and thereby applying an aberration correcting force perpendicular to said back surface of said adaptive optic to said specified position through said force-applying member connected to another end portion of said bell-crank on the opposite side of said pivot.
6. A method of correcting wavefront aberration of an adaptive optic, said adaptive optic having a light-reflecting surface, a back surface opposite thereto and a perimeter, said method comprising the steps of:
attaching a plurality of force-applying members to the back surface of said adaptive optic;
positioning actuators outside the perimeter of said adaptive optic, each of said actuators being associated with a different one of said force-applying members;
providing force-communicating devices each connecting one of said force-applying members with an associated one of said actuators; and
controlling said actuators to correct wavefront aberration of said adaptive optic.
7. The method of claim 6 wherein said force-applying member comprises a flexure.
8. The method of claim 6 wherein said force-communicating device is supported rotatably around a flexural pivot.
9. The method of claim 6 wherein said force-communicating device comprises a lever supported rotatably around a pivot, said actuator applying an actuating force in a selected direction to said lever and thereby applying an aberration correcting force parallel to said selected direction to said specified position through said force-applying member.
10. The method of claim 6 1 wherein said force-communicating device comprises a bell-crank supported rotatably around a pivot, said actuator applying an actuating force parallel to said back surface of said adaptive optic to one end portion of said bell-crank on one side of said pivot and thereby applying an aberration correcting force perpendicular to said back surface of said adaptive optic to said specified position through said force-applying member connected to another end portion of said bell-crank on the opposite side of said pivot.
11. An EUV system comprising:
an EUV radiation source;
a reticle stage arranged to retain a reticle;
a working stage arranged to retain a workpiece; and
an optical system including at least one adaptive optic with a wavefront aberration correction system therefor;
wherein said wavefront aberration correction system comprises a plurality of correction units each comprising:
an actuator disposed outside the perimeter of said adaptive optic;
a force-applying member attached to the back surface of said adaptive optic at a specified position; and
a force-communicating device connecting said actuator with said force-applying member.
12. An object manufactured with the EUV system of claim 11.
13. A wafer on which an image has been formed by the EUV system of claim 11.
14. A method for making an object using a lithography process, wherein the lithography process utilizes an EUV system as recited in claim 11.
15. A method for patterning a wafer using a lithography process, wherein the lithography process utilizes an EUW system as recited in claim 11.