1. A circuit topology for a phase connection of an inverter, the circuit topology comprising:
a circuit bridge having upper and lower bridge halves and upper and lower bridge segments respectively associated with the upper and lower bridge halves, wherein each bridge half has an outer switch and an inner switch connected in series, wherein each bridge segment has a diode and the inner switch of the associated bridge half connected in series;
the circuit bridge having an output respectively connected to upper and lower potentials through the outer switches of the upper and lower bridge halves, the output of the circuit bridge further connected to a center potential applied between the upper and lower potentials through each of the upper and lower bridge segments;
each of the upper and lower bridge halves further has a parallel switch, wherein the parallel switch of each bridge half is connected in parallel to the series-connected outer and inner switches of the bridge half;
wherein the outer and inner switches of each bridge half are configured to produce relatively smaller switching losses than the parallel switch of the bridge half;
wherein the parallel switch of each bridge half is configured to produce relatively smaller conduction losses than the outer and inner switches of the bridge half;
the output of the circuit bridge being further respectively connected to the upper and lower potentials through the parallel switches of the upper and lower bridge halves;
wherein the parallel switch of each bridge half is controlled to open and close while the outer and inner switches of the bridge half are closed;
wherein the outer switch of each bridge half is controlled to open after the parallel switch of the bridge half has opened and while the inner switch of the bridge half is closed, and the outer switch of each bridge half is controlled to close prior to the parallel switch of the bridge half closing and while the inner switch of the bridge half is closed.
2. The circuit topology of claim 1 wherein:
the outer and inner switches of the upper and lower bridge halves are MOSFETs.
3. The circuit topology of claim 2 wherein:
the parallel switches of the upper and lower bridge halves are IGBTs.
4. The circuit topology of claim 1 wherein:
the parallel switches of the upper and lower bridge halves are IGBTs.
5. A method for producing a phased output voltage of an inverter by a circuit bridge having upper and lower bridge halves and upper and lower bridge segments respectively associated with the upper and lower bridge halves, each bridge half having an outer switch and an inner switch connected in series, each bridge segment having a diode and the inner switch of the associated bridge half connected in series, an output of the circuit bridge respectively connected to upper and lower potentials through the outer switches and further connected to a center potential applied between the upper and lower potentials through each of the bridge segments, each of the bridge halves further having a parallel switch, the parallel switch of each bridge half being connected in parallel to the series-connected outer and inner switches of the bridge half, the outer and inner switches of each bridge half being configured to produce relatively smaller switching losses than the parallel switch of the bridge half, the parallel switch of each bridge half being configured to produce relatively smaller conduction losses than the outer and inner switches of the bridge half, and the output of the circuit bridge being further respectively connected to the upper and lower potentials through the parallel switches, the method comprising:
initiating a sequence of a switching pulse over a time period at whose beginning and end the inner switch of the upper bridge half is closed and all of the other switches are opened with the bridge output being connected to the center potential through the upper bridge segment via the diode of the upper bridge segment and the inner switch of the upper bridge half;
closing the outer switch of the upper bridge half while the parallel switch of the upper bridge half is opened and the inner switch of the upper bridge half is closed;
closing the parallel switch of the upper bridge half, while the outer and inner switches of the upper bridge half are closed, after a delay time that is a fraction of the time period of the switching pulse;
opening the parallel switch of the upper bridge half, while the outer and inner switches of the upper bridge half are closed, shortly before the end of the switching pulse; and
opening the outer switch of the upper bridge half, while the parallel switch of the upper bridge half is opened and the inner switch of the upper bridge half is closed, after a delay time that is a fraction of the time period of the switching pulse.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein:
the outer and inner switches are MOSFETs.
7. The method of claim 6 wherein:
the parallel switches are IGBTs.
8. The method of claim 5 wherein:
the parallel switches are IGBTs.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A monitoring apparatus for monitoring a plurality of patients and establishing communication to a caregiver regarding parameters of at least one of the plurality of patients, the monitoring apparatus comprising:
a physiological parameter transducing device, the device generating an electronic signal representative of the value of the physiological parameter being monitored;
a processor operatively coupled to the parameter transducing device and processing the electronic signal;
an electronic receivertransmitter communication device operatively coupled to the processor and to a communication network;
a patient identification device operatively coupled to the processor and configured to interface with an identifier associated with a patient to identify the patient from among the plurality of patients;
an output device operatively coupled to the processor and providing a series of queries to the patient; and
an input device operatively coupled to the processor and configured to receive inputs from the patient in response to the series of queries output by the output device;
wherein the processor receives the electronic signal generated by the transducing device and inputs from the input device and can issue an exception notifying a remote caregiver that the patient requires attention.
2. The monitoring apparatus of claim 1, wherein the series of queries differs based on the patient identified by the patient identification device.
3. The monitoring apparatus of claim 1, wherein the patient identification device is an identification card reader.
4. The monitoring apparatus of claim 1, wherein the identifier is an identification card.
5. The monitoring apparatus of claim 4, wherein the identification card is a proximity card.
6. The monitoring apparatus of claim 4, wherein the identification card includes a magnetic strip.
7. The monitoring apparatus of claim 4, wherein the identification card includes a bar code.
8. The monitoring apparatus of claim 1, wherein the patient identification device is a short-range wireless device.
9. The monitoring apparatus of claim 1, wherein the patient identification device is an RFID transceiver.
10. The monitoring apparatus of claim 1, wherein the identifier is an RFID tag.
11. The monitoring apparatus of claim 1, wherein the patient identification device is a password authentication system.
12. The monitoring apparatus of claim 12, wherein the password authentication system includes PIN numbers.
13. The monitoring apparatus of claim 1, wherein the patient identification device is a biometric sensor.
14. The monitoring apparatus of claim 1, wherein the identifier is a biometric characteristic.
15. The monitoring apparatus of claim 1, wherein the monitoring apparatus is configured to allow realtime communication between the patient and the remote caregiver.
16. The monitoring apparatus of claim 1, wherein the series of queries comprises a quality of life survey.
17. The monitoring apparatus of claim 1, wherein the series of queries comprises a health status survey.
18. The monitoring apparatus of claim 1, wherein the series of queries includes health-related queries.
19. The monitoring apparatus of claim 1, wherein the series of queries includes economic status queries.
20. The monitoring apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus is linked to a remote computer over a communication network, the remote computer configured to store data related to the patient, the data comprising the electronic signal generated by the transducing device and inputs from the input device.
21. The monitoring apparatus of claim 20, wherein the remote computer is configured to allow the patient to access at least a portion of the data via a website.
22. The monitoring apparatus of claim 21, wherein the remote computer is configured to allow the monitoring apparatus to remotely access at least a portion of the data.
23. The monitoring apparatus of claim 21, wherein the monitoring apparatus is configured to automatically initiate at least one communication session with the remote computer at a specified time of day.
24. The monitoring apparatus of claim 23, wherein the monitoring apparatus is further configured to receive at least one query from the remote computer and transmit to the remote computer at least one input from the patient.
25. The monitoring apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus is located at a work site of one or more patients.
26. The monitoring apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus is located at a health club of one or more patients.
27. The monitoring apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus is located at a home of one or more patients.
28. The monitoring apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor is programmed to:
receive a symptom identifier via the communication device, the symptom identifier related to historical wellness of the patient;
based upon the symptom identifier, ask a first query from a hierarchy of queries corresponding to a symptom identified by the symptom identifier;
receive an answer to the first query via the input device; and
based upon the answer to the first query, make a decision regarding whether to ask a subsequent query from the hierarchy.
29. The monitoring apparatus of claim 28, wherein one of the questions within the hierarchy asks whether the patient is adhering to a pre-established health care regimen.
30. A method of monitoring a plurality of patients and establishing communication to a caregiver regarding the parameters of at least one of the plurality of patients, method comprising:
identifying a patient from among a plurality of patients with a patient identification device incorporated in a monitoring apparatus;
receiving data associated with the patient;
determining at least one wellness parameter of the patient using a physiological parameter transducing device included in the monitoring apparatus;
presenting a series of queries to the patient using an output device incorporated in the monitoring apparatus, the queries associated with and selected by the data received from the remote computer; and
receiving inputs from the patient on an input device incorporated in the monitoring apparatus, the inputs in response to the series of queries output by the output device;
wherein the processor receives the electronic signal generated by the transducing device and inputs from the input device and can issue an exception notifying a remote healthcare professional that the patient requires attention.
31. The method of claim 30, wherein receiving data includes accessing data stored on a patient identifier configured to communicate with the patient identification device.
32. The method of claim 30, wherein receiving data includes accessing data stored on a remote computer linked to the monitoring apparatus over a communication network.
33. The method of claim 30, further comprising sending results to a remote computer via a communication network, the results including the wellness parameter and inputs.
34. The method of claim 30, wherein receiving data includes receiving data representative of wellness parameters and inputs at some point in the past.
35. The method of claim 34, wherein presenting includes presenting the data representative of historical wellness parameters and inputs using the output device.
36. The method of claim 30, wherein receiving data includes receiving at least one query to be output by the output device.
37. The method of claim 30, wherein receiving data includes receiving a symptom identifier.
38. The method of claim 30, wherein presenting a series of queries comprises presenting a quality of life survey to the patient.
39. The method of claim 30, wherein presenting a series of queries comprises presenting a health status survey to the patient.
40. The method of claim 30, further comprising establishing a realtime communication link between the patient and the caregiver.
41. A method for weight loss or weight management of a plurality of persons, the method comprising:
identifying a person by interfacing with an identifier;
generating a signal representative of the person’s weight with a transducer;
presenting, with a processor operatively coupled to an output device and to the transducer, questions directed toward weight loss;
receiving answers provided by the person via an input device operatively coupled to the processor; and
transmitting answers to the questions and the signal representative of the person’s weight to a remote computing system;
wherein an indication of the person’s weight loss progress is presented to the person.
42. The method of claim 41, further comprising generating an alert on the basis of answers to the questions presented to the person and the signal representative of the person’s weight.
43. The method of claim 41, wherein the indication of the person’s weight loss progress includes a presentation of the person’s weight at some point in the past.
44. A method for monitoring a health condition of a plurality of patients, the method comprising:
identifying the patient from among a plurality of patients;
receiving a symptom identifier;
retrieving a question from a hierarchy of questions, the hierarchy corresponding to a symptom identified by the symptom identifier;
asking the question to the patient;
receiving an answer to the question from the patient;
making a decision regarding whether to ask a subsequent question from the hierarchy, based upon the answer to the question;
wherein the device is configured to ask questions from one or more question hierarchies selected from a plurality of question hierarchies, each hierarchy of questions corresponding to each of a plurality symptoms.
45. The method of claim 44, wherein one of the questions within the hierarchy asks whether a physiological parameter of the patient exceeds a threshold.
46. The method of claim 45, further comprising receiving the threshold from a remote computer located at a health care facility.
47. The method of claim 44, further comprising asking whether the patient is adhering to a pre-established health care regimen.
48. The method of claim 44, wherein receiving a symptom identifier includes accessing data stored on a patient identifier.
49. The method of claim 44, wherein receiving a symptom identifier includes accessing data stored on a remote computer.