1. (canceled)
2. A procatalyst composition comprising:
a combination of a magnesium moiety, a titanium moiety and an internal electron donor comprising a substituted amide ester having the structure (II):
wherein R1-R6 are the same or different, each of R1-R6 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and a hydrocarbyl group having 1-20 carbon atoms,
at least two of R1-R6 are a hydrocarbyl group having 1-20 carbon atoms, and
each of R1-R13 and R21-R23 are the same or different selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and a hydrocarbyl group having 1-20 carbon atoms.
3. The procatalyst composition of claim 2 wherein R3 and R5 are methyl groups.
4. The procatalyst composition of claim 3 wherein each of R11-R13 and R21-R23 are hydrogen.
5. The procatalyst of claim 2 wherein the internal electron donor is a mixed internal electron donor comprising the substituted amide ester and an electron donor component.
6. The procatalyst of claim 5 wherein the electron donor component is ethyl benzoate.
7. The procatalyst composition of claim 2 wherein each of R1 and R2 is selected from the group consisting of an isopropyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a cyclopentyl group, and a cyclohexyl group.
8. The procatalyst composition of claim 7 wherein each of R11-R13 and R21-R23 are hydrogen.
9. The procatalyst composition of claim 2 wherein each of R1, R2, R12 and R22 is a hydrocarbyl group having 1-20 carbon atoms.
10. The procatalyst composition of claim 9 wherein R1 and R2 are each selected from the group consisting of a isopropyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a cyclopentyl group, and a cyclohexyl group.
11. The procatalyst composition of claim 9 wherein each of R12 and R22 is selected from the group consisting of an ethyl group, a butyl group and a phenyl group.
12. The procatalyst composition of claim 2 wherein the substituted amide ester is selected from the group consisting of 4-benzamidopentan-2-yl benzoate, 2-(benzamidomethyl)-2-isopropyl-3-methylbutyl benzoate, 2-(benzamidomethyl)-2-isobutyl-5-methylpentyl benzoate, 2,2-dimethyl-3-(4-ethylbenzamido)propyl 4-ethylbenzoate, and 3-(4-butylbenzamido)-2,2-dimethylpropyl 4-butylbenzoate.
13. A catalyst composition comprising:
a procatalyst composition of claim 2; and
a cocatalyst.
14. The catalyst composition of claim 13 comprising an external electron donor selected from the group consisting of a silicon compound, a bidentate compound, a diether, a diol ester, a carboxylate, an amine, a phosphite, and combinations thereof.
15. The catalyst composition of claim 13 comprising two or more alkoxysilane external electron donors.
16. The catalyst composition of claim 13 comprising an activity limiting agent selected from the group consisting of a carboxylic acid ester, a diether, a diol ester, and combinations thereof.
17. The catalyst composition of claim 13 further comprising ethyl benzoate.
18. A process for producing an olefin-based polymer comprising:
contacting, under polymerization conditions, an olefin with a catalyst composition comprising a procatalyst composition of claim 2; and
forming an olefin-based polymer comprising a substituted amide ester.
19. The process of claim 18 wherein the olefin is propylene, the process comprising forming a propylene-based polymer having a polydispersity index from about 5.0 to about 20.0.
20. The process of claim 18 comprising forming an olefin-based polymer having a xylene soluable content from about 1% to about 4%.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method of washing fabric articles, comprising the steps of:
a) providing a reservoir of washing liquid;
b) providing a washer extractor having an interior for holding fabric articles;
c) placing fabric articles to be washed in the interior of the washer extractor;
d) pumping the washing liquid from the reservoir to the washer extractor interior with a first pump;
e) adding washing chemicals to the washer extractor interior while it is filled with washing liquid and fabric articles;
f) transmitting rinse water to the washing extractor interior within a selected time interval with said first pump;
g) withdrawing the rinse water from the washer extractor interior with a second pump;
h) wherein a controller maintains a selected fluid level in said reservoir in steps \u201cf\u201d and \u201cg\u201d by adjusting the flow rates of one or both of said pumps.
2-4. (canceled)
5. The method of washing fabric articles of claim 1 wherein water consumption is between about 1 and 2 gallons (8 and 16 liters) per pound (kg) of processed fabric articles.
6. The method of washing fabric articles of claim 1 wherein the time interval of step \u201cf\u201d\u2032 is between about one-two minutes.
7. (canceled)
8. The method of washing fabric articles of claim 1 wherein the ratio of pounds (or kilograms) of washing liquid to pounds (or kilograms) of fabric articles is between 3 to 1 to 5:1, plus absorbed water.
9. A washer extractor apparatus, comprising:
a) a washer extractor for holding fabric articles to be washed in a volume of a washing liquid having an associated reservoir and a washer drum with an extractor interior;
b) a reservoir having a flow line that enables transmission of washing liquid from the reservoir to the washer extractor interior;
c) a first pump at a first elevation that enables flowing of rinse fluid to the combination of fabric articles and washing liquid at a rate of between about 30 to 700 gallons (114 to 2,650 liters) per minute for a selected time interval;
d) a second pump at a second elevation lower than said first elevation that enables extraction of excess liquid from the washer extractor in order to maintain a selected volume of liquid in said interior and a first liquor ration; and
e) a controller that enables a change in the volume of fluid being pumped by the second pump to a flow value that is different from the volume of fluid pumped by the first pump so that the fluid level in the drum can be changed to provide a new and different liquor ratio.
10. The washer extractor of claim 9 further comprising a flow line for adding chemicals to the washer extractor interior.
11. The washer extractor of claim 9 wherein water consumption is between about one-half and two gallons (4 and 16 liters) per pound (kg) of washed and fluid extracted fabric articles.
12. A method of washing fabric articles, comprising the steps of:
a) providing a reservoir of liquid;
b) providing a washer extractor having an interior for holding fabric articles;
c) placing fabric articles to be washed in the interior of the washer extractor;
d) pumping the liquid from the reservoir to the washer extractor interior with a first pump, wherein the washer extractor interior has a liquid upper surface;
e) adding washing chemicals to the washer extractor interior;
f) transmitting rinse water to the washing extractor interior at a rate of between about thirty and seven hundred gallons (114 to 2,650 liters) per minute; and
g) extracting liquid from the washer extractor during step \u201cf\u201d\u2032, wherein excess liquid that has been added in step \u201ce\u201d is discharged via an effluent flow line.
13-15. (canceled)
16. The method of washing fabric articles of claim 12 wherein water consumption is between about one-half (\xbd) and two (2) gallons (4-16 liters) per pound (kg) of processed fabric articles.
17. The method of washing fabric articles of claim 12 wherein the time interval of step \u201cf\u201d is between about one and two minutes.
18. (canceled)
19. The method of washing fabric articles of claim 12 wherein the ratio of pounds (or kilograms) of washing liquid to pounds (or kilograms) of fabric articles is about 4 to 1, plus absorbed water.
20. The method of claim 1 wherein the withdrawn liquid of step \u201cg\u201d is transmitted to the reservoir of step \u201ca\u201d.
21. The apparatus of claim 11 further comprising a flow line for enabling transmission of the extracted liquid to the reservoir.
22. The method of claim 12 wherein the extracted liquid of step \u201cg\u201d is transmitted to the reservoir of step \u201ca\u201d.
23. The method of claim 1 wherein at least some of the withdrawn liquid of step \u201cg\u201d is re-circulated to the reservoir.
24. The apparatus of claim 9 further comprising a re-circulation flow line connecting the washer extractor to the reservoir, wherein said re-circulation flow line enables transmission of at least some of the extracted liquid to the reservoir and wherein the said second pump is in said re-circulation flow line.
25. The method of claim 12 wherein at least some of the extracted liquid of step \u201cg\u201d is re-circulated to comprise at least a part of the rinse water of step \u201cf\u201d.
26. The apparatus of claim 9 further comprising a re-circulation flow line that conveys all or part of said excess liquid to said reservoir.
27. The method of claim 1 further comprising placing the second pump below the first pump.
28. The method of claim 1 further comprising placing the washer extractor interior below the first pump.
29. The method of claim 1 wherein the second pump is a column pump.
30-33. (canceled)
34. The method of claim 1 wherein the reservoir is refilled with rinse water after step \u201cd\u201d.