We claim:
1. A friction vibration damper for damping the vibrations of a vibrating component comprising a body, a chamber and a plurality of elements, the body defines the chamber which is partially filled with the plurality of elements, the friction vibration damper, in use, disposed on or in the vibrating component characterised in that the friction vibration damper is configured to substantially prevent the elements operationally moving in a convection-like flow pattern.
2. A friction vibration damper for a vibrating component as claimed in claim 1 characterised in that the plurality of elements comprise substantially spherical elements.
3. A friction vibration damper for a vibrating component as claimed in claim 1 characterised in that the plurality of elements comprises substantially spherical elements of at least two discrete sizes.
4. A friction vibration damper for a vibrating component as claimed in claim 2 characterised in that the elements are substantially spherical each with a diameter in the range 0.1 to 5.0 millimeters.
5. A friction vibration damper for a vibrating component as claimed in claim 1 characterised in that the plurality of elements comprise elements having a high aspect ratio.
6. A friction vibration damper for a vibrating component as claimed in claim 1 characterised in that the plurality of elements comprise elongate elements.
7. A friction vibration damper for a vibrating component as claimed in claim 1 characterised in that the plurality of elements comprise elements having a low aspect ratio.
8. A friction vibration damper for a vibrating component as claimed in claim 1 characterised in that the plurality of elements comprise disc shaped elements.
9. A friction vibration damper for a vibrating component as claimed in claim 1 characterised in that the body comprises a baffle, the baffle is disposed within the chamber to substantially prevent the elements operationally moving in a convection-like flow pattern.
10. A friction vibration damper for a vibrating component as claimed in claim 9 characterised in that the baffle extends across the chamber.
11. A friction vibration damper for a vibrating component as claimed in claim 9 characterised in that the baffle comprises a mesh structure.
12. A friction vibration damper for a vibrating component as claimed in claim 9 characterised in that the baffle comprises a wire wool matrix.
13. A friction vibration damper for a vibrating component as claimed in claim 1 characterised in that the body comprises the chamber having a high aspect ratio.
14. A friction vibration damper for a vibrating component as claimed in claim 1 characterised in that the body comprises the chamber having a low aspect ratio.
15. A friction vibration damper for a vibrating component as claimed in claim 1 characterised in that the friction vibration damper comprises a pedestal, the damper is mounted on a pedestal, the pedestal attached to the vibrating component.
16. A friction vibration damper for a vibrating component as claimed in claim 1 characterised in that the body defines two or more chambers.
17. A friction vibration damper for a vibrating component as claimed in claim 16 characterised in that each of the chambers is partially filled with a plurality of elements of substantially the same size, each plurality of elements in each chamber being of a different discrete size.
18. A friction vibration damper for a vibrating component as claimed in claim 1 characterised in that the elements are metallic.
19. A friction vibration damper for a vibrating component as claimed in claim 1 characterised in that the elements are ceramic.
20. A friction vibration damper for a vibrating component as claimed in claim 1 characterised in that the chamber is filled with elements to between 90 and 100 percent by volume.
21. A friction vibration damper for a vibrating component as claimed in claim 1 characterised in that the chamber is filled with elements to 95 percent by volume.
22. A friction vibration damper for a vibrating component as claimed in claim 1 characterised in that each of the chambers is filled with elements to 95 percent by volume.
23. A friction vibration damper for a vibrating component as claimed in claim 1 characterised in that each of the chambers is filled with elements to a different percentage by volume of each chamber.
24. A friction vibration damper for a vibrating component as claimed in claim 1 characterised in that the body of the friction vibration damper is substantially cylindrical.
25. A friction vibration damper for a vibrating component as claimed in claim 1 characterised in that the body of the friction vibration damper is substantially parallelepiped.
26. A friction vibration damper for a vibrating component as claimed in claim 1 characterised in that the vibrating component is a workpiece.
27. A friction vibration damper for a vibrating component as claimed in claim 26 characterised in that the workpiece is subject to a machining operation.
28. A friction vibration damper for a vibrating component as claimed in claim 26 characterised in that the vibrating component is a machine tool.
29. A friction vibration damper for a vibrating component as claimed in claim 1 characterised in that the vibrating component is a machine.
30. A friction vibration damper for a vibrating component as claimed in claim 1 characterised in that the friction vibration damper is disposed to the vibrating component by temporary means.
31. A friction vibration damper for a vibrating component as claimed in claim 1 characterised in that the component vibrates in the frequency range up to 10 Hertz.
32. A method of damping the vibrations of a vibrating component comprising the steps of, locating the position of the greatest amplitude of vibration on an engine component and disposing a vibration damping device on the component at the position of the greatest amplitude of vibration.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method for producing multiply charged ions, comprising the steps of;
i) providing a matrix composition comprising a matrix material and a non-volatile component,
ii) providing an analyte,
iii) depositing the matrix composition and the analyte on a surface such that they are in intimate contact,
iv) ablating the matrix composition and the analyte deposited on the surface with a laser to desorb multiply charged ions of analyte, and
v) passing the desorbed multiply charged ions through a heated conduit, wherein, in step iv), the matrix composition and analyte are ablated in the liquid phase.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the heated conduit is maintained at a temperature of up to 400\xb0 C., and is preferably maintained at between 200\xb0 C. and 250\xb0 C.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the heated conduit is a tube.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the matrix material of the matrix composition of step i) is either DHB or CHCA or a different cinnamic acid derivative.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the matrix composition further comprises a solvent.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein the solvent comprises a 1:1 mixture of 10-100 mM ammonium phosphate (in water) and methanol.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein the laser is a pulsed laser and has an energy of less than 10 \u03bcJ per pulse.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein the laser achieves a maximum fluence of less than 2000 Jm2.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein the laser is a pulsed laser, the energy per pulse is about 1-10 \u03bcJ and the fluence is between 200-2000 Jm2.
10. The method of claim 1 wherein the analyte is a peptide, protein or other biomolecule or organic compound.
11. The method of claim 1 wherein the non-volatile component is glycerol, triethylamine or an ionic liquid.
12. The method of claim 11 wherein the glycerol concentration in the matrix composition is between 15% and 85% by volume.
13. The method of claim 1 wherein multiply charged ions exiting the heated conduit are passed into a mass analyzer which preferably comprises an ion trap or quadrupole.
14. The method of claim 13 wherein the analyte concentration in the matrix composition and analyte deposited on the surface is greater than 10\u221212 M, the laser is a pulsed laser having a repetition rate of 10 Hz, and data is acquired in the mass analyzer for at least 10 minutes.
15. The method of claim 13 wherein the analyte amount in the matrix composition and analyte deposited on the surface is greater than 1 attomol, the laser is a pulsed laser having a repetition rate of 10 Hz, and data is acquired in the mass analyzer for at least 10 minutes.
16. A method according to claim 1 wherein the laser has a UV or IR wavelength.