1. An image processing apparatus comprising:
an estimation unit configured to estimate a spectrum for each pixel from multiband image data comprising image data in multiple different wavelength ranges;
a storage unit configured to store spectral data suitable for each of multiple different shooting modes; and
a conversion unit configured to determine a shooting mode of the multiband image data and convert the spectrum into band data with different spectral characteristics using the spectral data stored in the storage unit, the spectral data suitable for the determined shooting mode,
wherein when said conversion unit determines that the shooting mode is an astronomical shooting mode, it converts the spectrum into band data with a spectral characteristic in which R sensitivity around Ha line is stronger than G and B sensitivity,
wherein when said conversion unit determines that the shooting mode is another mode different than the astronomical mode, it converts the spectrum into band data with a spectral characteristic in which B sensitivity is stronger than G and R sensitivity.
2. The image processing apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a white balance processing unit configured to apply white balance correction to the multiband image data prior to estimation of the spectrum by the estimation unit.
3. The image processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the conversion unit carries out conversion by integrating the spectrum with the spectral data.
4. An image sensing apparatus comprising: multiple spectral filters with spectral transmittance characteristics different from each other; an image sensing unit configured to photoelectrically convert light transmitted through each of the spectral filters to output multiband image data comprising image data in multiple different wavelength ranges; and the image processing apparatus according to claim 1.
5. An image processing method comprising:
an estimation step of estimating a spectrum for each pixel from multiband image data comprising image data in multiple different wavelength ranges;
a determination step of determining a shooting mode of the multiband image data; and
a conversion step of selecting spectral data suitable for the shooting mode determined in the determination step from a storage unit configured to store spectral data suitable for each of multiple different shooting modes, and converting the spectrum into band data with different spectral characteristics using the selected spectral data,
wherein when it is determined that the shooting mode is an astronomical shooting mode in said determination step, the spectrum is converted into band data with a spectral characteristic in which R sensitivity around Ha line is stronger than G and B sensitivity in said conversion step,
wherein when it is determined that the shooting mode is another mode different than the astronomical mode in said determination step, the spectrum is converted into band data with a spectral characteristic in which B sensitivity is stronger than G and R sensitivity.
6. A computer-readable storage medium storing a program for causing a computer to execute each step of the image processing method according to claim 5.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A dye composition for human keratin fibers, comprising, in a medium that is suitable for dyeing, at least one direct dye, and at least one dicationic compound chosen from those of formulae (I), (II) and (III):
wherein:
A and A1, which may be identical or different, are chosen from radicals of formula (a)
Z is chosen from aliphatic and aromatic radicals,
Z1 is an alkyl radical,
R1 and R2, which may be identical or different, are chosen from hydrogen atoms, (C1\u2013C4)alkyl radicals optionally substituted with at least one entity chosen from halogen atoms, hydroxyl, carboxyl and cyano radicals; (C1\u2013C4)alkoxy radicals optionally substituted with at least one radical chosen from hydroxyl and (C1\u2013C4)alkoxy radicals; and amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, aminocarbonyl, phenyl, phenoxy and phenylaminocarbonyl radicals, wherein the phenyl radicals are optionally substituted with at least one radical chosen from (C1\u2013C4)alkyl, (C1\u2013C4)alkoxy and phenoxy radicals, or R1 and R2 can form, together with the two nitrogen atoms that bear them and the radical Z, a piperazine ring,
X is a bridging radical chosen from \u2014CO\u2014; \u2014CO\u2014CH2\u2014CH2\u2014CO\u2014; \u2014CO\u2014CO\u2014; 1,4-dicarbonylphenyl; \u2014CH2\u2014CH2\u2014; and triazines of formulae (b) and (c):
wherein:
Y and Y1, which may be identical or different, are chosen from halogen atoms and hydroxyl, amino, monoalkylamino, dialkylamino, 1-piperidino, morpholino and 1-piperazino radicals, wherein the piperazino radicals are optionally substituted on the nitrogen atom not attached to the triazine ring with at least one (C1\u2013C4)alkyl radical, said alkyl radicals being optionally substituted with at least one radical chosen from hydroxyl, amino, mono(C1\u2013C4)alkylamino and di(C1\u2013C4)alkylamino radicals,
Z2 is chosen from (C2\u2013C8)alkylene radicals, or alternatively, forms a piperazine ring with the two adjacent nitrogen atoms and the radicals R1 and R2,
R3 and R4, which may be identical or different, are chosen from hydrogen atoms, (C1\u2013C4)alkyl radicals optionally substituted with at least one entity chosen from halogen atoms, hydroxyl, carboxyl, and cyano radicals; (C1\u2013C4)alkoxy radicals optionally substituted with at least one radical chosen from hydroxyl and (C1\u2013C4)alkoxy radicals; and amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, aminocarbonyl, phenyl, phenoxy and phenylaminocarbonyl radicals, wherein the phenyl radicals are optionally substituted with at least one radical chosen from (C1\u2013C4)alkyl, (C1\u2013C4)alkoxy and phenoxy radicals, \u2014R5 and R6, which may be identical or different, are chosen from hydrogen atoms; (C1\u2013C4)alkoxy radicals optionally substituted with at least one radical chosen from hydroxyl, carboxyl, halogen and cyano radicals; (C1\u2013C4)alkoxy radicals optionally substituted with at least one radical chosen from hydroxyl and (C1\u2013C4)alkoxy radicals; and amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, aminocarbonyl, phenyl, phenoxy and phenylaminocarbonyl radicals, wherein the phenyl radicals are optionally substituted with at least one radical chosen from (C1\u2013C4)alkyl, (C1\u2013C4)alkoxy and phenoxy radicals,
An\u2212 denotes an anion;
X\u2032 and Y\u2032, which may be identical or different, are chosen from hydrogen and halogen atoms, and (C1\u2013C4)alkyl, (C1\u2013C4)alkoxy, (C1\u2013C4)alkylcarbonylamino, arylcarbonylamino, ureido and arylureido radicals,
R\u20321 is chosen from hydrogen atoms, optionally substituted alkyl and aryl radicals, and R\u20322 radicals,
R\u20322 is a radical of formula (d):
wherein:
B is chosen from linear and branched alkylene radicals,
R\u20326 is chosen from hydrogen atoms and optionally substituted alkyl radicals,
R\u20327 and R\u20328, which may be identical or different, are chosen from optionally substituted alkyl radicals,
R\u20326 and R\u20327, together with the nitrogen, form an optionally substituted 5-, 6- or 7-membered ring, which may comprise other hetero atoms, or alternatively R\u20326, R\u20327 and R\u20328 together form a pyridinium ring,
R\u20323 is chosen from hydrogen and halogen atoms, and (C1\u2013C4)alkyl (C1\u2013C4)alkoxy radicals,
W is a radical of formula (e):
wherein:
K is a coupling radical,
Z is a bridging radical chosen from the radicals of formulae:
and \u2014CO\u2014NR\u20329\u2014B1\u2014NR\u20329\u2014CO\u2014,
and wherein
R\u20329 is chosen from hydrogen atoms and optionally substituted (C2\u2013C4)alkyl radicals, and a
B1 is chosen from linear and branched C2\u2013C12 alkylene radicals optionally interrupted with at least one entity chosen from \u2014NR\u20329\u2014 radicals, and oxygen and sulfur atoms;
and wherein, in formula (III), the number of cationic charges is two.
2. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the human keratin fibers are hair.
3. The composition according to claim 1, wherein, in formula (I),
R1 and R2, which may be identical or different, are chosen from hydrogen atoms, (C1\u2013C4)alkyl radicals substituted with hydroxyl radicals and (C1\u2013C4)alkoxy radicals,
Z is chosen from linear, branched and cyclic C2\u2013C8 alkyl radicals optionally substituted with at least one entity chosen from hydroxyl and alkoxy radicals and halogen atoms, the chain of said radical optionally being interrupted with an entity chosen from oxygen atoms and \u2014NR1\u2014 groups; and 1,4-phenyl radicals, 1,4-naphthyl radicals optionally substituted with at least one entity chosen from alkyl and alkoxy radicals and halogen atoms; Z possibly forming a piperazine ring together with R1, R2 and the two nitrogen atoms,
X is chosen from groups of formula (b).
4. The composition according to claim 3, wherein R1 and R2, which may be identical or different, are chosen from hydrogen atoms and methyl radicals.
5. The composition according to claim 3, wherein Z is chosen from unsubstituted phenyl radicals; phenyl and naphthyl radicals substituted with at least one entity chosen from methyl and methoxy radicals; piperazine radicals formed by bonding with R1, R2 and the two nitrogen atoms; and (C2\u2013C4)alkylene radicals which are optionally substituted with at least one hydroxyl radical.
6. The composition according to claim 1, wherein, in formula (II):
Z1 is chosen from linear, branched and cyclic C2\u2013C8 alkyl radicals, optionally substituted with at least one entity chosen from hydroxyl and alkoxy radicals and halogen atoms, the chain of said radical optionally being interrupted with an entity chosen from oxygen atoms and \u2014NR1\u2014 groups; and a piperazine ring formed with R1, R2 and the two nitrogen atoms,
R3 and R4 are chosen from methyl and ethyl radicals, and R5 and R6 are chosen from hydrogen atoms, and methyl and methoxy radicals.
7. The composition according to claim 6, wherein Z1 is chosen from (C2\u2013C6)alkylene radicals optionally substituted with at least one hydroxyl group; and a piperazine ring formed with R1, R2 and the two nitrogen atoms,
8. The composition according to claim 7, wherein Z1 is chosen from unsubstituted (C2\u2013C4)alkylene radicals.
9. The composition according to claim 1, wherein, in formula (III):
B of formula (d) is chosen from ethylene, n-propylene, isopropylene and n-butylene radicals,
K of formula (e) is a coupling compound chosen from those of formulae (f), (g) and (h):
wherein,
X\u2032, Y\u2032 and R\u20321, R\u20322, and R\u20323 have the same meaning as in formula (III),
n is equal to 1 or 2, and
K1 is a radical of formula:
10. A dye composition for human keratin fibers, comprising, in a medium that is suitable for dyeing, at least one direct dye, provided that the direct dye is not chosen from Basic Blue 7, Basic Blue 26, Basic Blue 99, Basic Violet 10, Basic Violet 14, Basic Brown 16, Basic Brown 17, Basic Red 2, Basic Red 22, Basic Red 76, Basic Red 118, and Basic Yellow 57, and
at least one dicationic compound of formula (IV):
wherein, in formula (IV):
the groups \u2014NH-A-CH\u2550CH\u2014B may be identical or different, and wherein
A is chosen from optionally substituted benzene rings,
B is chosen from radicals derived from heterocyclic compounds comprising a quaternized nitrogen comprising an entity chosen from active methyl and methylene radicals,
R is the residue of a crosslinking agent chosen from phosgene, halogenated triazines and halogenated pyrimidines.
11. The dye composition according to claim 10, wherein, in formula (IV),
B is chosen from quinolinium, picolinium, benzothiazolium, benzimidazolium, indolium and quinoxalinium derivatives;
A is chosen from benzene rings that are optionally substituted with at least one radical chosen from (C1\u2013C4)alkoxy radicals, (C1\u2013C4)alkyl radicals and halogen atoms; and
R is halogenated triazine chosen from 2,4,6-trichlorotriazine, 2,4,6-trifluorotriazine, 2,4-dichloro-6-(dimethylaminopropylamino)triazine, 2,4-dichloro-6-hydroxytriazine, 2,4-difluoro-6-(trimethylaminoethylamino)triazine chloride, 2,4-difluoro-6-(N-carboxymethylamino)triazine, 2,4-dichloro-6-(N,N-dihydroxyethylamino)triazine, 2,4-difluoro-6-(N-hydroxypropylamino)triazine, 2,4-dichloro-6-(N,N-dimethylamino)triazine, 2,4-difluoro-6-(N,N-dihexylamino)triazine and 2,4-dichloro-6-(N-2-sulfoethylamino)triazine.
12. The dye composition according to claim 1, wherein the at least one compound of formula (I) is chosen from those of formulae (I)1 to (I)7:
13. The dye composition according to claim 1, wherein the at least one compound of formula (Ill) is the following compound:
14. The dye composition according to claim 10, wherein the at least one dicationic compound of formula (IV) is the following compound:
15. The dye composition according to claim 1, wherein the at least one dicationic compound chosen from those of formulae (I), (II), and (Ill) is present in an amount ranging from 0.01 % to 40% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition.
16. The dye composition according to claim 10, wherein the at least one dicationic compound of formula (IV) is present in an amount ranging from 0.01 % to 40% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition.
17. The dye composition according to claim 1, wherein the at least one direct dye is chosen from neutral, acidic and cationic nitrobenzene direct dyes; neutral, acidic and cationic azo direct dyes; quinone direct dyes; azine direct dyes; triarylmethane direct dyes; indoamine direct dyes; cationic direct dyes comprising a quaternized nitrogen atom and a \u2014CH\u2550N\u2014 bond; and natural direct dyes.
18. The dye composition according to claim 17, wherein the at least one quinone direct dye is chosen from neutral, acidic and cationic anthraquinones.
19. The dye composition according to claim 1, wherein the at least one direct dye is present in an amount ranging from 0.001% to 20% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition.
20. The dye composition according to claim 1, further comprising, in an amount ranging from 0.01% to 10% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition, at least one cationic or amphoteric polymer chosen from:
dimethyldiallylammonium chloride homopolymers;
polymers comprising repeating units of formula (W) and (U):
polymers comprising units of formula (IX):
wherein
p is equal to 3,
D is chosen from a bond, \u2014(CH2)4\u2014CO\u2014 groups, \u2014(CH2)7\u2014CO\u2014 group groups, and
X is a chlorine atom,
or, alternatively, D may be chosen from block copolymers formed from units corresponding to the polymers when D is chosen from a bond and \u2014(CH2)4\u2014CO\u2014 groups; and
copolymers of acrylic acid and of dimethyldiallylammonium chloride.
21. The dye composition according to claim 10, further comprising, in an amount ranging from 0.01% to 10% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition, at least one cationic or amphoteric polymer chosen from:
dimethyldiallylammonium chloride homopolymers;
polymers comprising repeating units of formula (W) and (U):
polymers comprising units of formula (IX):
wherein
p is equal to 3,
D is chosen from a bond, \u2014(CH2)4\u2014CO\u2014 groups, \u2014(CH2)7\u2014CO\u2014 group groups, and
X is a chlorine atom,
or, alternatively, D may be chosen from block copolymers formed from units corresponding to the polymers when D is chosen from a bond and \u2014(CH2)4\u2014CO\u2014 groups; and
copolymers of acrylic acid and of dimethyidiallylammonium chloride.
22. The dye composition according to claim 1, further comprising at least one surfactant chosen from anionic, cationic, nonionic and amphoteric surfactants.
23. The dye composition according to claim 10, further comprising at least one surfactant chosen from anionic, cationic, nonionic and amphoteric surfactants.
24. A process for dyeing human keratin fibers, comprising
applying to the keratin fibers, which may be dry or wet, a dye composition comprising, in a medium that is suitable for dyeing, at least one direct dye, and at least one dicationic compound chosen from those of formulae (I), (II) and (III):
wherein:
A and A1, which may be identical or different, are chosen from radicals of formula (a)
Z is chosen from aliphatic and aromatic radicals,
Z1 is an alkyl radical,
R1 and R2, which may be identical or different, are chosen from hydrogen atoms, (C1\u2013C4)alkyl radicals optionally substituted with at least one entity chosen from halogen atoms, hydroxyl, carboxyl and cyano radicals; (C1\u2013C4)alkoxy radicals optionally substituted with at least one radical chosen from hydroxyl and (C1\u2013C4)alkoxy radicals; and amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, aminocarbonyl, phenyl, phenoxy and phenylaminocarbonyl radicals, wherein the phenyl radicals are optionally substituted with at least one radical chosen from (C1\u2013C4)alkyl, (C1\u2013C4)alkoxy and phenoxy radicals, or R1 and R2 can form, together with the two nitrogen atoms that bear them and the radical Z, a piperazine ring,
X is a bridging radical chosen from \u2014CO\u2014; \u2014CO\u2014CH2\u2014CH2\u2014CO\u2014; \u2014CO\u2014CO\u2014; 1,4-dicarbonylphenyl; \u2014CH2\u2014CH2\u2014; and triazines of formulae (b) and (c):
wherein:
Y and Y1, which may be identical or different, are chosen from halogen atoms and hydroxyl, amino, monoalkylamino, dialkylamino, 1-piperidino, morpholino and 1-piperazino radicals, wherein the piperazino radicals are optionally substituted on the nitrogen atom not attached to the triazine ring with at least one (C1\u2013C4)alkyl radical, said alkyl radicals being optionally substituted with at least one radical chosen from hydroxyl, amino, mono(C1\u2013C4)alkylamino and di(C1\u2013C4)alkylamino radicals,
Z2 is chosen from (C2\u2013C8)alkylene radicals, or alternatively, forms a piperazine ring with the two adjacent nitrogen atoms and the radicals R1 and R2,
R3 and R4, which may be identical or different, are chosen from hydrogen atoms, (C1\u2013C4)alkyl radicals optionally substituted with at least one entity chosen from halogen atoms, hydroxyl, carboxyl, and cyano radicals; (C1\u2013C4)alkoxy radicals optionally substituted with at least one radical chosen from hydroxyl and (C1\u2013C4)alkoxy radicals; and amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, aminocarbonyl, phenyl, phenoxy and phenylaminocarbonyl radicals, wherein the phenyl radicals are optionally substituted with at least one radical chosen from (C1\u2013C4)alkyl, (C1\u2013C4)alkoxy and phenoxy radicals,
R5 and R6, which may be identical or different, are chosen from hydrogen atoms; (C1\u2013C4)alkoxy radicals optionally substituted with an entity chosen from hydroxyl, carboxyl, halogen and cyano radicals; (C1\u2013C4)alkoxy radicals optionally substituted with at least one radical chosen from hydroxyl and (C1\u2013C4)alkoxy radicals; and amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, aminocarbonyl, phenyl, phenoxy and phenylaminocarbonyl radicals, wherein the phenyl radicals are optionally substituted with at least one radical chosen from (C1\u2013C4)alkyl, (C1\u2013C4)alkoxy and phenoxy radicals,
An\u2212 denotes an anion;
X\u2032 and Y\u2032, which may be identical or different, are chosen from hydrogen and halogen atoms, and (C1\u2013C4)alkyl, (C1\u2013C4)alkoxy, (C1\u2013C4)alkylcarbonylamino, arylcarbonylamino, ureido and arylureido radicals,
R\u20321 is chosen from hydrogen atoms, optionally substituted alkyl and aryl radicals, and R\u20322 radicals,
R\u20322 is a radical of formula (d):
wherein:
B is chosen from linear and branched alkylene radicals,
R\u20326 is chosen from hydrogen atoms and optionally substituted alkyl radicals,
R\u20327 and R\u20328, which may be identical or different, are chosen from optionally substituted alkyl radicals,
R\u20326 and R\u20327, together with the nitrogen, form an optionally substituted 5-, 6- or 7-membered ring, which may comprise other hetero atoms, or alternatively R\u20326, R\u20327 and R\u20328 together form a pyridinium ring,
R\u20323 is chosen from hydrogen and halogen atoms, and (C1\u2013C4)alkyl (C1\u2013C4)alkoxy radicals,
W is a radical of formula (e):
wherein:
K is a coupling radical,
Z is a bridging radical chosen from the radicals of formulae:
and \u2014CO\u2014NR\u20329\u2014B1\u2014NR\u20329\u2014CO\u2014,
and wherein
R\u20329 is chosen from hydrogen atoms and optionally substituted (C2\u2013C4)alkyl radicals, and
B1 is chosen from linear and branched C2\u2013C12 alkylene radicals optionally interrupted with at least one entity chosen from \u2014NR\u20329\u2014 radicals, and oxygen and sulfur atoms;
and wherein, in formula (III), the number of cationic charges is two;
leaving the dye composition to act on the keratin fibers for a leave-in time ranging from 5 seconds to 60 minutes;
rinsing the keratin fibers and optionally washing the keratin fibers with shampoo, followed by rinsing them again and drying them.
25. A process for dyeing human keratin fibers comprising
applying to the keratin fibers, which may be dry or wet, a composition comprising, in a medium that is suitable for dyeing, at least one direct dye, provided that the at lest one direct dye is not chosen from the basic dyes, and
at least one dicationic compound of formula (IV):
wherein, in formula (IV):
the groups \u2014NH-A-CH\u2550CH\u2014B may be identical or different, and wherein
A is chosen from optionally substituted benzene rings,
B is chosen from radicals derived from heterocyclic compounds comprising a quaternized nitrogen comprising an entity chosen from active methyl and methylene radicals,
R is the residue of a crosslinking agent chosen from phosgene, halogenated triazines and halogenated pyrimidines;
leaving the dye composition to act on the keratin fibers for a leave-in time ranging from 5 seconds to 60 minutes;
rinsing the keratin fibers and optionally washing the keratin fibers with shampoo, followed by rinsing them again and drying them.
26. The process according to claim 24, wherein the dye composition further comprises at least one oxidizing agent.
27. The process according to claim 26, wherein the at least one oxidizing agent is mixed with the dye composition just before application to the keratin fibers.
28. The process according to claim 25, wherein the dye composition further comprises at least one oxidizing agent.
29. The process according to claim 28, wherein the at least one oxidizing agent is mixed with the dye composition just before application to the keratin fibers.
30. A multi-compartment kit for the direct lightening dyeing of human keratin fibers, comprising
at least one first compartment comprising, in a medium that is suitable for dyeing, at least one direct dye, and at least one dicationic compound chosen from those of formulae (I), (II) and (III):
wherein:
A and A1, which may be identical or different, are chosen from radicals of formula (a)
Z is chosen from aliphatic and aromatic radicals,
Z1 is an alkyl radical,
R1 and R2, which may be identical or different, are chosen from hydrogen atoms, (C1\u2013C4)alkyl radicals optionally substituted with at least one entity chosen from halogen atoms, hydroxyl, carboxyl and cyano radicals; (C1\u2013C4)alkoxy radicals optionally substituted with at least one radical chosen from hydroxyl and (C1\u2013C4)alkoxy radicals; and amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, aminocarbonyl, phenyl, phenoxy and phenylaminocarbonyl radicals, wherein the phenyl radicals are optionally substituted with at least one radical chosen from (C1\u2013C4)alkyl, (C1\u2013C4)alkoxy and phenoxy radicals, or R1 and R2 can form, together with the two nitrogen atoms that bear them and the radical Z, a piperazine ring,
X is a bridging radical chosen from \u2014CO\u2014; \u2014CO\u2014CH2\u2014CH2\u2014CO\u2014; \u2014CO\u2014CO\u2014; 1,4-dicarbonylphenyl; \u2014CH2\u2014CH2\u2014; and triazines of formulae (b) and (c):
wherein:
Y and Y1, which may be identical or different, are chosen from halogen atoms and hydroxyl, amino, monoalkylamino, dialkylamino, 1-piperidino, morpholino and 1-piperazino radicals, wherein the piperazino radicals are optionally substituted on the nitrogen atom not attached to the triazine ring with at least one (C1\u2013C4)alkyl radical, said alkyl radicals being optionally substituted with at least one radical chosen from hydroxyl, amino, mono(C1\u2013C4)alkylamino and di(C1\u2013C4)alkylamino radicals,
Z2 is chosen from (C2\u2013C8)alkylene radicals, or alternatively, forms a piperazine ring with the two adjacent nitrogen atoms and the radicals R1 and R2,
R3 and R4, which may be identical or different, are chosen from hydrogen atoms, (C1\u2013C4)alkyl radicals optionally substituted with at least one entity chosen from halogen atoms, hydroxyl, carboxyl, and cyano radicals; (C1\u2013C4)alkoxy radicals optionally substituted with at least one radical chosen from hydroxyl and (C1\u2013C4)alkoxy radicals; and amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, aminocarbonyl, phenyl, phenoxy and phenylaminocarbonyl radicals, wherein the phenyl radicals are optionally substituted with at least one radical chosen from (C1\u2013C4)alkyl, (C1\u2013C4)alkoxy and phenoxy radicals,
R5 and R6, which may be identical or different, are chosen from hydrogen atoms; (C1\u2013C4)alkoxy radicals optionally substituted with an entity chosen from hydroxyl, carboxyl, halogen and cyano radicals; (C1\u2013C4)alkoxy radicals optionally substituted with at least one radical chosen from hydroxyl and (C1\u2013C4)alkoxy radicals; and amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, aminocarbonyl, phenyl, phenoxy and phenylaminocarbonyl radicals, wherein the phenyl radicals are optionally substituted with at least one radical chosen from (C1\u2013C4)alkyl, (C1\u2013C4)alkoxy and phenoxy radicals,
An\u2212 denotes an anion;
X\u2032 and Y\u2032, which may be identical or different, are chosen from hydrogen and halogen atoms, and (C1\u2013C4)alkyl, (C1\u2013C4)alkoxy, (C1\u2013C4)alkylcarbonylamino, arylcarbonylamino, ureido and arylureido radicals,
R\u20321 is chosen from hydrogen atoms, optionally substituted alkyl and aryl radicals, and R\u20322 radicals,
R\u20322 is a radical of formula (d):
wherein:
B is chosen from linear and branched alkylene radicals,
R\u20326 is chosen from hydrogen atoms and optionally substituted alkyl radicals,
R\u20327 and R\u20328, which may be identical or different, are chosen from optionally substituted alkyl radicals,
R\u20326 and R\u20327, together with the nitrogen, form an optionally substituted 5-, 6- or 7-membered ring, which may comprise other hetero atoms, or alternatively R\u20326, R\u20327 and R\u20328 together form a pyridinium ring,
R\u20323 is chosen from hydrogen and halogen atoms, and (C1\u2013C4)alkyl (C1\u2013C4)alkoxy radicals,
W is a radical of formula (e):
wherein:
K is a coupling radical,
Z is a bridging radical chosen from the radicals of formulae:
and \u2014CO\u2014NR\u20329\u2014B1\u2014NR\u20329\u2014CO\u2014,
and wherein
R\u20329 is chosen from hydrogen atoms and optionally substituted (C2\u2013C4)alkyl radicals, and
B1 is chosen from linear and branched C2\u2013C12 alkylene radicals optionally interrupted with at least one entity chosen from \u2014NR\u20329\u2014 radicals, and oxygen and sulfur atoms;
and wherein, in formula (III), the number of cationic charges is two; and
at least one second compartment comprising at least one oxidizing agent.
31. A multi-compartment kit for the direct lightening dyeing of human keratin fibers, comprising
at least one first compartment comprising, in a medium suitable for dyeing, at least one direct dye, provided that the at least one direct dye is not chosen from the basic dyes, and
at least one dicationic compound of formula (IV):
wherein, in formula (IV):
the groups \u2014NH-A-CH\u2550CH\u2014B may be identical or different, and wherein
A is chosen from optionally substituted benzene rings,
B is chosen from radicals derived from heterocyclic compounds comprising a quaternized nitrogen comprising an entity chosen from active methyl and methylene radicals,
R is the residue of a crosslinking agent chosen from phosgene, halogenated triazines and halogenated pyrimidine; and
at least one second compartment comprising at least one oxidizing agent.