1. An arrow broadhead adapted for attaching to an open end of a hollow arrow shaft, the broadhead adapted for moving from a retracted position during arrow flight to an extended position when contacting a target, the broadhead comprising:
a rotating, sliding shaft having a spirally wound, scalloped grooved pointed tip for helping rotate said pointed tip, said pointed tip disposed in a front portion of said shaft, said pointed tip tapered rearwardly and outwardly forming a tip base;
at least two cutting blades pivotally attached to said tip base, said blades including an outer cutting edge and an inner edge, the inner edge of said blades including a beveled cam surface;
a hollow collar for receiving a portion of said rotating, sliding shaft therethrough; and
a sliding shaft housing having a bore hole therein and a lower end, said hollow collar attached to a front portion of said sliding shaft housing, said sliding shaft housing receiving said rotating, sliding shaft therein, a lower end portion of said sliding shaft received in said bore hole, the lower end of said sliding shaft housing adapted for receipt inside the open end of the hollow arrow shaft;
whereby, when said pointed tip contacts a target, said sliding shaft moves inwardly into said bore hole and the beveled cam surface of said blades contacts a side of said sliding shaft housing and moves said blades outwardly from a folded, retracted position into an extended position.
2. The broadhead as described in claim 1, wherein said hollow collar is threaded inside said bore hole in said sliding shaft housing.
3. The broadhead as described in claim 1, wherein said hollow collar is received in a press fit inside said bore hole in said sliding shaft housing.
4. The broadhead as described in claim 1, wherein said hollow collar is threaded around an outside of an upper end of said sliding shaft housing and next to said bore hole.
5. The broadhead as described in claim 1 wherein said hollow collar is received in a press fit around an outside of an upper end of said shaft housing next to said bore hole.
6. The broadhead as described in claim 1 wherein said pointed tip with tip base is formed into a one-piece unit with said sliding shaft.
7. The broadhead as described in claim 1 wherein a front portion of said sliding shaft is threaded into an opening in the tip base of said pointed tip.
8. The broadhead as described in claim 1 wherein a front portion of said sliding shaft is press fitted into an opening in the tip base of said pointed tip.
9. The broadhead as described in claim 1 wherein a front portion of said sliding shaft is pinned inside an opening in the tip base of said pointed tip.
10. The broadhead as described in claim 1 further including three cutting blades equally spaced around a circumference of said tip base and pinned inside grooves in the side of said tip base.
11. The broadhead as described in claim 1 wherein the cutting blades are received in elongated, parallel grooves along a length of and in the side of said sliding shaft housing for providing a smaller and more streamlined profile when in a refracted position during arrow flight.
12. The broadhead as described in claim 1 further including a blade retaining band received in a notch in said blades, said blade retaining band for holding said blades in a folded, retracted position during flight.
13. The broadhead as described in claim 12 wherein said blade retaining band is a flexible plastic band, a rubber band and a metal ring or metal washer.
14. The broadhead as described in claim 12 wherein said notch in said blades is in a rear portion of said cutting blades.
15. The broadhead as described in claim 1 wherein said pointed tip includes a replaceable tip, a lower end portion of said replaceable tip received in a groove in a front of said tip base and pinned thereto.
16. The broadhead as described in claim 1 wherein said beveled cam surface extends an entire length of the inner edge of said cutting blades.
17. An arrow broadhead adapted for attaching to an open end of a hollow arrow shaft, the broadhead adapted for moving from a retracted position during arrow flight to an extended position when contacting a target, the broadhead comprising:
a rotating, sliding shaft having a spirally wound, scalloped grooved pointed tip, said pointed tip disposed in a front portion of said shaft, said pointed tip tapered rearwardly and outwardly forming a tip base;
at least two cutting blades pivotally attached to said tip base, said blades including an outer cutting edge and an inner edge, the inner edge of said blades including a beveled cam surface, also the inner edge of said cutting blades having a locking notch therein;
a hollow collar for receiving a portion of said rotating, sliding shaft therethrough; and
a sliding shaft housing having a bore hole therein and a lower end, said hollow collar attached to a front portion of said sliding shaft housing, a lower end portion of said rotating, sliding shaft received in said bore hole, the lower end of said sliding shaft housing adapted for receipt inside the open end of the hollow arrow shaft;
whereby, when said pointed tip contacts a target, said sliding shaft moves inwardly through said hollow collar and into said bore hole and the beveled cam surface of said blades contacts a portion of a side of said hollow collar and moves said blades outwardly from a folded, retracted position into an extended position and in an extended position said locking notch received against a portion of said hollow collar for holding said blades in an extended position.
18. The broadhead as described in claim 17 wherein said pointed tip includes a replaceable tip, a lower end portion of said replaceable tip received in a groove in a front of said tip base and pinned thereto.
19. The broadhead as described in claim 17 wherein a portion of said sliding shaft includes an annular groove therein for receiving a ring keeper, said ring keeper preventing said sliding shaft from being removed from said hollow collar.
20. The broadhead as described in claim 17 wherein a portion of said sliding shaft includes a treaded nut, key, pin or a widened area for preventing said sliding shaft from being removed from said hollow collar.
21. An arrow broadhead adapted for attaching to an open end of a hollow arrow shaft, the broadhead also adapted for moving from a folded, retracted position during arrow flight to an extended position when contacting a target, the broadhead comprising:
a rotating, sliding shaft having a spirally wound, scalloped grooved pointed tip, said pointed tip disposed in a front portion of said shaft, said pointed tip tapered rearwardly and outwardly forming a tip base;
at least two cutting blades pivotally attached to said tip base, said blades including an outer cutting edge and an inner edge, the inner edge of said blades including a beveled cam surface, also the inner edge of said blades includes a locking notch therein; and
a hollow collar adapted for receipt inside the open end of the hollow arrow shaft, a lower end portion of said sliding shaft slidably received inside said collar,
whereby, when said pointed tip contacts the target, said rotating, sliding shaft moves inwardly through said hollow collar and the beveled cam surface of said blades contacts a portion of a side of said hollow collar, the beveled cam surface moving said blades outwardly from the folded, retracted position next to a length of said shaft into the extended position and said locking notch received against a portion of said hollow collar for holding said cutting blades in an extended position.
22. The broadhead as described in claim 21 further including an arrow shaft insert adapted for receipt in the open end of the arrow shaft, said hollow collar received inside said shaft insert.
23. The broadhead as described in claim 21 further including three cutting blades equally spaced around a circumference of said tip base and pinned thereto.
24. The broadhead as described in claim 21 wherein said pointed tip includes a replaceable tip, a lower end portion of said replaceable tip received in a groove in a front of said tip base and pinned thereto.
25. The broadhead as described in claim 21 further including a blade retaining band received in a notch in a rear portion of said blades, said band for holding said blades in a folded, retracted position during arrow flight.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. An automatic transmission controller for controlling an automatic transmission that transmits a driving force from a drive source to a wheel of a vehicle while shifting the driving force by selecting a gear ratio from a plurality of gear ratios in accordance with a driving state of the vehicle,
the automatic transmission including
a starting mechanism connected to the drive source,
a plurality of planetary gear mechanisms each including rotation elements that are a sun gear, a carrier, and a ring gear, and
a plurality of engagement mechanisms that connect or hold fixed the rotation elements of the planetary gear mechanisms and that set the plurality of gear ratios of the automatic transmission by means of a combination of engagements between the plurality of engagement mechanisms and the rotation elements, one of the plurality of engagement mechanisms being a mechanical engagement mechanism that permits switching of a rotational direction of one of the rotation elements of the plurality of planetary gear mechanisms,
the automatic transmission controller comprising:
a neutral controller that performs neutral control in which transmission of the driving force from the drive source to an output shaft is stopped so as to allow the mechanical engagement mechanism to switch the rotational directions for a forward gear and a reverse gear and to allow rotation in each of the forward gear and the reverse gear;
a neutral control permission determiner that determines whether or not to permit the neutral control; and
an engagement controller that, when the neutral control determiner permits the neutral control, allows rotation of an input shaft of the automatic transmission, and that, in a case where the output shaft of the automatic transmission is rotated by a wheel of the vehicle in a rotational direction such that the vehicle moves backward, sets the plurality of engagement mechanisms including at least the mechanical engagement mechanism so as to fix the output shaft of the automatic transmission to a casing of the automatic transmission.
2. The automatic transmission controller according to claim 1,
wherein the engagement mechanisms commonly involved in combinations of engagements of the engagement mechanisms for setting a lowest forward gear and the reverse gear include
the mechanical engagement mechanism,
a first brake that fixes a rotation element of a second planetary gear mechanism to the mechanical engagement mechanism, the second planetary gear mechanism being different from a first planetary gear mechanism including a rotation element that is held fixed by the mechanical engagement mechanism, and
a first clutch that connects a rotation element of the second planetary gear mechanism that is held fixed by the first brake, a rotation element of the first planetary mechanism that is held fixed by the mechanical engagement mechanism, and a rotation element that is not connected to the output shaft of the automatic transmission.
3. The automatic transmission controller according to claim 2,
wherein a first engagement mechanism, which is one of the engagement mechanisms that is included in the combination of engagements with which the lowest forward gear is set and which is not engaged in the neutral control, is engaged to such an extent that the first engagement mechanism does not generate an engaging force while the neutral control is performed.
4. The automatic transmission controller according to claim 3,
wherein a combination of the mechanical engagement mechanism, the first brake, the first clutch, and one of the engagement mechanisms that is included in the combination of engagement mechanisms for setting the lowest forward gear and that is not engaged during the neutral control is a combination of engagement mechanisms for setting a predetermined forward gear that is higher than the lowest forward gear, the combination of the mechanical engagement mechanism, the first brake, and the first clutch being a combination of engagement mechanisms that are engaged during the neutral control, and
wherein the combination is changed to the combination of engagements that sets the lowest forward gear after setting the predetermined forward gear.
5. The automatic transmission controller according to claim 1,
wherein, in a case where the neutral control is performed when the vehicle is moving in a forward direction at a predetermined velocity or lower, a rotational direction of the mechanical engagement mechanism is switched to a direction that allows movement of the vehicle in the forward direction.
6. An automatic transmission controller for controlling an automatic transmission that transmits a driving force from a drive source to a wheel of a vehicle while shifting the driving force by selecting a gear ratio from a plurality of gear ratios in accordance with a driving state of the vehicle, the automatic transmission including a starting mechanism connected to the drive source; a plurality of planetary gear mechanisms each including rotation elements including a sun gear, a carrier, and a ring gear; and a plurality of engagement mechanisms that connect or hold fixed the rotation elements of the planetary gear mechanisms and that set the plurality of gear ratios of the automatic transmission by means of a combination of engagements between the plurality of engagement mechanisms and the rotation elements, one of the plurality of engagement mechanisms being a mechanical engagement mechanism that permits switching of a rotational direction of one of the rotation elements of the plurality of planetary gear mechanisms, the automatic transmission controller comprising:
a neutral controller configured to perform neutral control in which transmission of the driving force from the drive source to an output shaft is stopped so as to allow the mechanical engagement mechanism to switch the rotational directions for a forward gear and a reverse gear and to allow rotation in each of the forward gear and the reverse gear;
a neutral control permission determiner configured to determine whether or not to permit the neutral control; and
an engagement controller configured to allow rotation of an input shaft of the automatic transmission in a case where the neutral control determiner permits the neutral control and configured to set the plurality of engagement mechanisms including at least the mechanical engagement mechanism so as to fix the output shaft of the automatic transmission to a casing of the automatic transmission in a case where the output shaft of the automatic transmission is rotated by a wheel of the vehicle in a rotational direction such that the vehicle moves backward.
7. The automatic transmission controller according to claim 6,
wherein engagement mechanisms commonly involved in combinations of engagements of the plurality of engagement mechanisms for setting a lowest forward gear and the reverse gear include
the mechanical engagement mechanism,
a first brake that fixes a rotation element of a second planetary gear mechanism to the mechanical engagement mechanism, the second planetary gear mechanism being different from a first planetary gear mechanism including a rotation element that is held fixed by the mechanical engagement mechanism, and
a first clutch that connects a rotation element of the second planetary gear mechanism that is held fixed by the first brake, a rotation element of the first planetary mechanism that is held fixed by the mechanical engagement mechanism, and a rotation element that is not connected to the output shaft of the automatic transmission.
8. The automatic transmission controller according to claim 7,
wherein a first engagement mechanism, which is one of the plurality of engagement mechanisms that is included in a combination of engagements with which the lowest forward gear is set and which is not engaged in the neutral control, is engaged to such an extent that the first engagement mechanism does not generate an engaging force while the neutral control is performed.
9. The automatic transmission controller according to claim 8,
wherein a combination of the mechanical engagement mechanism, the first brake, the first clutch, and one of the plurality of engagement mechanisms that is included in a combination of engagement mechanisms for setting the lowest forward gear and that is not engaged during the neutral control is a combination of engagement mechanisms for setting a predetermined forward gear that is higher than the lowest forward gear, a combination of the mechanical engagement mechanism, the first brake, and the first clutch being a combination of engagement mechanisms that are engaged during the neutral control, and
wherein the combination is changed to a combination of engagements that sets the lowest forward gear after setting the predetermined forward gear.
10. The automatic transmission controller according to claim 6,
wherein, in a case where the neutral control is performed when the vehicle is moving in a forward direction at a predetermined velocity or lower, a rotational direction of the mechanical engagement mechanism is switched to a direction that allows movement of the vehicle in the forward direction.
11. The automatic transmission controller according to claim 6,
wherein the neutral control permission determiner configured to determine whether or not to permit the neutral control based on whether a brake pedal is depressed, whether the vehicle velocity is substantially zero, and whether a temperature of an oil in a clutch or a brake is in a predetermined range.