1. A laser machining apparatus emitting a laser beam to a surface of a workpiece and melting the surface of the workpiece, thereby performing a laser beam machining, comprising:
a condenser lens for focusing the laser beam to the surface of the workpiece;
a protection glass disposed nearer to the workpiece than to the condenser lens, protecting the condenser lens;
a torch disposed facing the workpiece, emitting the laser beam; and
cooling means for cooling the protection glass.
2. The laser machining apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the cooling means blows a cooling gas to the protection glass to cool the protection glass and the atmosphere in the torch.
3. The laser machining apparatus according to claim 2,
wherein the cooling gas is an assist gas blown to the surface of the workpiece in the laser machining to form an inert atmosphere around the surface of the workpiece.
4. The laser machining apparatus according to claim 3,
wherein the cooling means comprises multiple openings for blowing the assist gas, and
wherein the assist gas is blown to the surface of the protection glass from the blowing openings.
5. The laser machining apparatus according to claim 4,
wherein the multiple openings are disposed facing the inside of the torch and spaced each other in the inner circumference of the torch.
6. The laser machining apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising:
an exhausting means for exhausting the atmosphere in the torch to the outside thereof.
7. The laser machining apparatus according to claim 6,
wherein the exhausting means comprises an exhausting opening through which the atmosphere in the torch is exhausted, and adjusting means for adjusting the flow amount of the atmosphere to be exhausted.
8. The laser machining apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7,
wherein the inner surface of the torch is formed in a multi-step surface.
9. The laser machining apparatus according to claim 8,
wherein the multi-step surface comprises a face opposing to the surface of the workpiece, and
wherein the face opposing to the surface of the workpiece is formed such that a line reflected on the face, that is a radially incident line from the surface of the workpiece, does not direct the protection glass.
10. The laser machining apparatus according to claim 8 or 9,
wherein the multi-step surface of the torch is configured by multiple grooves formed depressed from the inner surface to the outer surface of the torch and formed continuously from the base end to the tip end of the torch.
11. The laser machining apparatus according to one of any claims 1 to 10,
wherein the tip end of the torch is provided with a tip extended toward the surface of the workpiece, and
wherein the opening area of the tip is set smaller than that of the torch.
12. The laser machining apparatus according to claim 11,
wherein the inner surface of the tip is configured continuously from the inner surface of the torch.
13. The laser machining apparatus according to claim 11 or 12,
wherein the tip is separated from the torch.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A process for the production of a pipe, the pipe comprising:
a carrier pipe having an interior surface having a shape; and
a thermoplastic inliner;
the process comprising:
introducing the thermoplastic inliner into the interior of the carrier pipe;
heating the carrier pipe from the outside to a temperature higher than a crystallite melting point (Tm) of a moulding composition of an exterior surface of the inliner;
expanding the inliner radially in the carrier pipe so that the heated exterior surface of the inliner assumes the shape of the interior surface of the carrier pipe; and
cooling the inliner;
wherein a cross section of the inliner is optionally reduced through exposure to an exterior force prior to being introduced into the carrier pipe.
2. The process according to claim 1, wherein
the cross section of the inliner is reduced,
an external diameter of the inliner is at most 25% greater than an internal diameter of the carrier pipe, and the cross section of the inliner is reduced by from 3 to 30%.
3. The process according to claim 1, wherein
an external diameter of the inliner corresponds to the internal diameter of the carrier pipe or is smaller by no more than 3%.
4. The process according to claim 1, wherein the inliner comprises at least one layer.
5. The process according to claim 1, wherein
the inliner comprises at least two layers and an exterior layer of the inliner is adhesion-modified.
6. A pipe produced according to the process of claim 1.
7. A pipeline obtained by a process comprising assembling multiple pipes of claim 6.
8. A method to transport a material selected from the group consisting of wastewater, gas, crude oil, oil, refinery products, water-oil mixtures, sand-water-oil mixtures and a mining slurry, comprising transport through the pipeline of claim 7.
9. A support andor lining of an oil production well or a gas production well comprising the pipe of claim 6.
10. A drilling column for borehole construction, comprising the pipe according to claim 6, wherein the borehole construction is in an oil field or a gas field.
11. The pipeline that is a conveying pipeline, a collection pipeline or a transport pipeline for crude oil or natural gas, comprising the pipe according to claim 6.
12. A pipeline that conveys supercritical CO2 comprising the pipe according to claim 6.