1. A laminate for use in an automated tape laying machine wherein said laminate includes a curable flexible electromagnetic hazard resistance laminate that has an external face having a first tackiness, wherein said external face is to be adhered to a mold surface and an opposing external face having a second tackiness, said opposing external face being adhered to an internal surface of a backing sheet, wherein said backing sheet is pulled from said electromagnetic hazard resistance laminate after said external face is adhered to said mold surface, said laminate comprising:
a releasable backing sheet having an external surface and an internal surface on which a curable flexible electromagnetic hazard resistance laminate is carried, said electromagnetic hazard resistance laminate comprising an external face having a first tackiness and an opposing external face having a second tackiness, said opposing external face being adhered to the internal face of said releasable backing sheet, said electromagnetic hazard resistance laminate comprising:
a conductive layer comprising electrically conductive metal material and thermosetting resin, said conductive layer comprising a first side and a second side located closest to said backing, sheet, said conductive metal material weighing from 50 gsm to 200 gsm;
a first veil layer located on the first side of said conductive layer, said first veil layer comprising a mat of randomly oriented fibers, said first veil layer weighing from 5 gsm to 20 gsm;
a second veil layer located on the second side of said conductive layer, said second veil layer comprising a mat of randomly oriented fibers, said second veil layer weighing from 5 gsm to 20 gsm; and
a first layer of thermosetting resin located adjacent to said first veil layer, said first layer of thermosetting resin forming said external face having said first tackiness; and
a second layer of thermosetting resin located adjacent to said second veil layer, said second layer of thermosetting resin forming said opposing external face having said second tackiness wherein the ratio of the amount of thermosetting resin in said first layer of thermosetting resin and the amount of thermosetting resin in said second layer of thermosetting resin is about 2.8:1 and wherein said first tackiness is greater than said second tackiness such that said laminate exhibits the property of being able to have said releasable backing sheet pulled from said electromagnetic hazard resistance laminate, after said external face has been adhered to a mold surface, without detaching said electromagnetic hazard resistance laminate from said mold surface.
2. A laminate according to claim 1, which comprises an unbroken pathway of resin through the thickness of said electromagnetic hazard resistance laminate.
3. A laminate according to claim 1, wherein the metal material is an expanded metal foil taking the form of a wire mesh material.
4. A laminate according to claim 1, wherein said first veil layer and said second veil layer comprise fibers selected from the group consisting of polyester fibers and nylon fibers.
5. A laminate according to claim 1, wherein said first layer of thermosetting resin and said second layer of thermosetting resin comprise an epoxy resin.
6. A laminate according to claim 1, wherein the weight of said laminate, excluding the weight of said metal material, is less than 300 gsm.
7. A laminate according to claim 1, wherein said first layer of thermosetting resin weighs 85 gsm and said second layer of second layer of thermosetting resin weighs 30 gsm.
8. A cured laminate according to claim 1 wherein said backing sheet has been removed and said electromagnetic hazard resistance laminate has been cured.
9. An aerospace vehicle body component, comprising a cured electromagnetic hazard resistance laminate according to claim 8.
10. A laminate according to claim 1, wherein said first veil is a polyester veil.
11. A laminate according to claim 10, wherein said second veil is a polyester veil.
12. A laminate according to claim 11, wherein said second veil weighs 12 gsm.
13. A laminate according to claim 10, wherein said first veil weighs 12 gsm.
14. A laminate according to claim 13, wherein said second veil is a polyester veil that weighs 12 gsm.
15. A laminate according to claim 1, wherein said metal material is an expanded copper foil.
16. A laminate according to claim 15, wherein said expanded copper foil weighs 73 gsm.
17. A laminate according to claim 16, wherein said first veil is a polyester veil and said second veil is a polyester veil.
18. A laminate according to claim 17, wherein said first veil weighs 12 gsm and said second veil weighs 12 gsm.
19. A laminate according to claim 18, wherein said first layer of thermosetting resin weighs 85 gsm and said second layer of second layer of thermosetting resin weighs 30 gsm.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A vertical external cavity surface emitting laser (VECSEL) comprising:
a laser chip for generating laser light at a predetermined wavelength;
a first etalon filter layer formed on the laser chip;
a second etalon filter layer that is formed on the first etalon filter layer and has a different refractive index than the first etalon filter layer, the first and second etalon filter layers being adapted to reduce a full-width at half maximum (FWHM) of the laser light;
a first mirror separated from and disposed obliquely to the laser chip;
a second mirror for reflecting the laser light reflected from the first mirror back to the first mirror to form a cavity with the laser chip; and
a second harmonic generation (SHG) crystal that is disposed along an optical path between the first mirror and the second mirror and adapted to double the frequency of the laser light generated in the laser chip.
2. The VECSEL of claim 1, wherein the first etalon filter layer and the second etalon filter layer have transmittance with respect to the laser light generated in the laser chip.
3. The VECSEL of claim 2, wherein the first etalon filter layer is a heat spreader which is able to exhaust heat generated in the laser chip.
4. The VECSEL of claim 3, wherein the first etalon filter layer is formed of a material selected from the group consisting of diamond, Al2O3, and silicon carbide (SiC).
5. The VECSEL of claim 2, wherein the second etalon filter layer is formed of a material selected from the group consisting of GaAs, InP, SiC, diamond, and Al2O3.
6. The VECSEL of claim 1, further comprising a coating layer interposed between the laser chip and the first etalon filter layer to increase the transmittance of the laser light at the interface between the laser chip and the first etalon filter layer.
7. The VECSEL of claim 6, wherein the coating layer is formed by alternately stacking two semiconductor materials or dielectric materials having different refractive indexes.
8. The VECSEL of claim 1, further comprising a coating layer interposed between the first etalon filter layer and the second etalon filter layer to increase the transmittance of the laser light at the interface between the first and second etalon filter layers.
9. The VECSEL of claim 8, wherein the coating layer is formed by alternately stacking two semiconductor materials or dielectric materials having different refractive indexes.
10. The VECSEL of claim 1, further comprising a birefringence filter disposed between the first mirror and the laser chip to transmit the laser light at the predetermined wavelength.
11. The VECSEL of claim 1, wherein the second mirror has predetermined transmittance with respect to a first portion of the laser light whose frequency is not converted by the SHG crystal and the first mirror has a predetermined transmittance with respect to a second portion of the laser light whose frequency is converted by the SHG crystal.
12. The VECSEL of claim 11, wherein the first mirror is a concave mirror and the second mirror is a planar mirror.
13. A vertical external cavity surface emitting laser (VECSEL) comprising:
a laser chip for generating laser light at a predetermined wavelength;
a first etalon filter layer formed on the laser chip;
a second etalon filter layer that is formed on the first etalon filter layer and has a different refractive index than the first etalon filter layer, the first and second etalon filter layers being adapted to reduce a full-width at half maximum (FWHM) of the laser light;
a mirror for reflecting the laser light generated in the laser chip back to the laser chip thereby causing the laser light to resonate between the laser chip and the mirror; and
a second harmonic generation (SHG) crystal disposed along an optical path between the laser chip and the mirror and adapted to double the frequency of the laser light emitted from the laser chip.
14. The VECSEL of claim 13, wherein the first etalon filter layer and the second filter layer have transmittance with respect to the laser light generated in the laser chip.
15. The VECSEL of claim 14, wherein the first etalon filter layer is a heat spreader which is able to exhaust heat generated in the laser chip.
16. The VECSEL of claim 15, wherein the first etalon filter layer is formed of a material selected from the group consisting of diamond, Al2O3, and silicon carbide (SiC).
17. The VECSEL of claim 14, wherein the second etalon filter layer is formed of a material selected from the group consisting of GaAs, InP, SiC, diamond, and Al2O3.
18. The VECSEL of claim 13, further comprising a coating layer interposed between the laser chip and the first etalon filter layer to increase the transmittance of the laser light at the interface between the laser chip and the first etalon filter layer.
19. The VECSEL of claim 18, wherein the coating layer is formed by alternately stacking two semiconductor materials or dielectric materials having different refractive indexes.
20. The VECSEL of claim 13, further comprising a coating layer interposed between the first etalon filter layer and the second etalon filter layer to increase the transmittance of the laser light at the interface between the first and second etalon filter layers.
21. The VECSEL of claim 20, wherein the coating layer is formed by alternately stacking two semiconductor materials or dielectric materials having different refractive indexes.
22. The VECSEL of claim 13, further comprising a birefringence filter disposed between the first mirror and the laser chip to transmit the laser light at the predetermined wavelength.
23. The VECSEL of claim 22, further comprising a lens disposed between the birefringence filter and the SHG crystal to focus the laser light on the SHG crystal.
24. The VECSEL of claim 13, wherein the laser chip comprises:
an active layer for generating the laser light upon excitation by a pumping beam, the active layer including a multiple quantum well structure and being positioned beneath the first etalon filter layer; and
a Distributed Bragg Reflector (DBR) layer for reflecting the laser light generated in the active layer to the mirror, the DBR layer being positioned beneath the active layer.
25. The VECSEL of claim 24, wherein the pumping beam is directed to the bottom surface of the DBR layer and thence incident on the active layer.
26. The VECSEL of claim 1, wherein the laser chip includes:
an active layer for generating the laser light upon excitation by a pumping beam, the active layer including a multiple quantum well structure and being positioned beneath the first etalon filter layer; and
a Distributed Bragg Reflector (DBR) layer for reflecting the laser light generated in the active layer to the first mirror, the DBR layer being positioned beneath the active layer.
27. The VECSEL of claim 26, wherein the pumping beam is directed to the bottom surface of the DBR layer and thence incident on the active layer.
28. The VECSEL of claim 26, wherein the pumping beam is directed to the top surface of the second etalon filter layer and thence incident on the active layer.