1. A device for converting a first number of input audio channels into a second number of output audio channels, where the first number is smaller than the second number, the device comprising:
at least one decorrelation unit for producing a set of decorrelated auxiliary channels from an input audio channel, the set of decorrelated auxiliary channels including one or more decorrelated auxiliary channels; and
at least one upmix unit for combining channels into output audio channels, wherein the at least one upmix unit is operative to combine an input audio channel or a pre-processed input audio channel and a decorrelated auxiliary channel based on a time-varying inter-channel cross correlation parameter, said device further comprising:
at least one pre-processing unit for pre-processing the input audio channel prior to feeding the input audio channel to the at least one decorrelation unit, wherein the at least one pre-processing unit is operative to perform a time-varying signal processing other than setting correlations,
wherein the at least one decorrelation unit, the at least one upmix unit or the at least one pre-processing unit is implemented by a computer.
2. The device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least one pre-processing unit and the at least one upmix unit are controlled by audio parameters.
3. The device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least one pre-processing unit is arranged for time-variant preprocessing.
4. The device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least one decorrelation unit is arranged for time-invariant decorrelation.
5. The device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the upmix unit is arranged for time-variant decorrelation.
6. The device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preprocessing unit is arranged for setting power ratios of audio channels andor for prediction.
7. The device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first number is equal to one.
8. The device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first number is equal to two.
9. An audio system, comprising a device as claimed in claim 1.
10. A method of converting a first number of input audio channels into a second number of output audio channels, where the first number is smaller than the second number, the method comprising:
producing a set of decorrelated auxiliary channels from an input audio channel, the set of decorrelated auxiliary channels including one or more decorrelated auxiliary channels; and
combining channels into output audio channels, wherein the combining comprising combining an input audio channel or a pre-processed input audio channel and a decorrelated auxiliary channel based on a time-varying inter-channel cross correlation parameter, said method additionally comprising:
pre-processing the input audio channel prior to the producing the set of decorrelated auxiliary channels from the input audio channel, wherein the pre-processing comprises performing a time-varying signal processing other than setting correlations,
wherein the producing, combining, or pre-processing is performed using a processor.
11. The method as claimed in claim 10, wherein audio parameters are used in the combining and the pre-processing.
12. The method as claimed in claim 10, wherein the step of pre-processing comprises setting power ratios of audio channels andor prediction.
13. A computer program product for carrying out the method as claimed in claim 10, wherein the computer product comprises a set of computer executable instructions stored on a data carrier.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A buffer composition comprising a buffer substance A showing a positive correlation between temperature and pH and a buffer substance B showing a negative correlation between temperature and pH.
2. The buffer composition according to claim 1, wherein the buffer substance A is a compound having a carboxy group or a salt thereof.
3. The buffer composition according to claim 2, wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of citric acid, maleic acid, acetic acid, malic acid, phthalic acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, and a salt thereof; and a combination thereof.
4. The buffer composition according to claim 1, wherein the buffer substance B is selected from the group consisting of: an amine compound, phosphoric acid, boric acid, carbonic acid, phenol, and a salt thereof; and a combination thereof.
5. The buffer composition according to claim 1, wherein pKa of the buffer substance A and pKa of the buffer substance B are respectively within \xb12.0 of a pH of the buffer composition in a liquid state.
6. The buffer composition according to claim 1, wherein the buffer composition is a liquid having a pH in a range of 3.0 to 10.0.
7. The buffer composition according to claim 1 comprising any one of the following combinations: maleic acid and PIPES (piperazine-1,4-bis(2-ethanesulfonic acid); glutamic acid and piperazine; citric acid and histidine; and citric acid and piperazine.
8. The buffer composition according to claim 1, which is used in a specimen analysis method.
9. The buffer composition according to claim 8, wherein the specimen analysis method is a specimen analysis method that generates andor absorbs heat.
10. The buffer composition according to claim 1, which is used in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), capillary electrophoresis (CE), or capillary electrochromatography.
11. The buffer composition according to claim 1, further containing an ionic pseudostationary phase.
12. The buffer composition according to claim 11, wherein the ionic pseudostationary phase consists of an anionic polymer or a cationic polymer.
13. The buffer composition according to claim 11, wherein the ionic pseudostationary phase is selected from the group consisting of chondroitin sulfate, heparin, fucoidan, and a salt thereof, and a combination thereof.
14. The buffer composition according to claim 1, further comprising a non-detergent amphoteric ionic substance.
15. The buffer composition according to claim 14, wherein the non-detergent amphoteric ionic substance is a non-detergent sulfobetaine.
16. The buffer composition according to claim 14, wherein the non-detergent amphoteric ionic substance is selected from the group consisting of a non-detergent sulfobetaine and a non-detergent carboxy betaine, and a combination thereof.
17. A method of analyzing a specimen in a sample comprising subjecting the sample to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), capillary electrophoresis (CE), or capillary electrochromatography using the buffer composition according to claim 1.
18. A specimen analysis system comprising the buffer composition according to claim 1.
19. The specimen analysis system according to claim 18, wherein a temperature controller is not present.