1. A vehicle, comprising:
an engine having at least one intake port;
at least one funnel assembly, comprising:
a stationary funnel for introducing intake air to the intake port of the engine; and
a movable funnel positioned on an inlet side of the stationary funnel, the movable funnel moveable to a position in which the movable funnel cooperates with the stationary funnel to introduce intake air to the intake port of the engine;
a linkage mechanism movably supporting the movable funnel; and
a drive source that drives the linkage mechanism to move the movable funnel, wherein the linkage mechanism and the drive source are arranged on substantially opposite sides of the movable funnel.
2. The vehicle of claim 1, wherein the linkage mechanism is located on one of a front side and a rear side of the movable funnel and the drive source is located on the other of the front side and the rear side of the movable funnel.
3. The vehicle of claim 1, wherein the stationary funnel and the movable funnel are positioned within a housing, and the linkage mechanism is located within the housing and the drive source is located outside of the housing.
4. The vehicle of claim 3, wherein the linkage mechanism is positioned on an upstream side of the movable funnel relative to a flow of intake air within the housing.
5. The vehicle of claim 4, wherein the flow of intake air is generally aligned with a fore and aft direction of the vehicle.
6. The vehicle of claim 1, wherein the at least one funnel assembly comprises a plurality of funnel assemblies, and the vehicle further comprises a drive shaft that transmits a driving force from the drive source to the linkage mechanism, wherein the drive shaft passes between a pair of the plurality of funnel assemblies.
7. The vehicle of claim 1, wherein the linkage mechanism includes a first linkage member supporting the movable funnel and fixed for rotation with a rotary shaft, wherein rotation of the rotary shaft moves the first linkage member thereby moving the movable funnel.
8. The vehicle of claim 1, wherein the linkage mechanism is a parallel linkage that moves the movable funnel along a substantially linear path.
9. The vehicle of claim 1, further comprising a first fuel injection system positioned downstream from the stationary funnel along a flow of intake air and a second fuel injection system positioned upstream from the movable funnel.
10. The vehicle of claim 9, wherein the second fuel injection system is positioned above the movable funnel when the movable funnel is in contact with the stationary funnel.
11. The vehicle of claim 9, wherein a fuel injection port of the second fuel injection system is positioned so as to be within an air passage of the movable funnel when the movable funnel is separated from the stationary funnel.
12. The vehicle of claim 1, wherein the at least one funnel assembly comprises a plurality of funnel assemblies, further comprising a positioning member that defines at least a first position for locating at least a first of the plurality of stationary funnels and a second position for locating at least a second of the plurality of stationary funnels.
13. The vehicle of claim 12, further comprising a housing in the form of an air cleaner box that houses the plurality of funnel assemblies, and a filter secured to the air cleaner box for filtering the inlet air, wherein the positioning member further functions as a guide for positioning the filter relative to the air cleaner box.
14. The vehicle of claim 13, wherein the positioning member comprises a cylindrical portion and the air filter comprises a hook that engages the cylindrical portion.
15. The vehicle of claim 1, further comprising a housing in the form of an air cleaner box that houses the funnel assembly, a filter secured to the air cleaner box for filtering the inlet air, and a guide member that establishes a proper position of the filter relative to the air cleaner box.
16. The vehicle of claim 1, further comprising a seal member positioned between the stationary funnel and the movable funnel.
17. A vehicle, comprising:
an engine having at least one intake port;
an air intake assembly that introduces intake air to the intake port, the air intake assembly comprising a stationary portion and a movable portion, wherein the movable portion is movable relative to the stationary portion to vary a length of the air intake assembly;
a linkage mechanism coupled to the movable portion; and
a drive source that drives the linkage mechanism to move the movable portion, wherein the linkage mechanism is located on a first side of the air intake assembly and the drive source located on a second side of the air intake assembly substantially opposite the first side.
18. The vehicle of claim 17, wherein the movable portion is separable from the stationary portion.
19. The vehicle of claim 17, wherein the linkage mechanism is located on one of a forward side and a rearward side of the air intake assembly and the drive source is located on the other of the forward side and the rearward side.
20. The vehicle of claim 17, wherein the vehicle is a motorcycle.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method of cryptographically transforming data text c comprising generating an integer representation m of the data text c according to
m=cd
where
d is a predetermined exponent,
the step of generating the integer representation m including generating a sequence of intermediate numbers, each intermediate number being based on two or fewer earlier numbers in the sequence, generating a sequence of intermediate numbers including retrieving a pre-stored instruction to determine which two or fewer earlier numbers in the sequence a given intermediate number is based on and the functional manipulation of the or each earlier number required to generate the given intermediate number.
2. A method according to claim 1 wherein generating the integer representation m further includes deriving and storing a list of instructions, each instruction corresponding to the generation of a given intermediate number.
3. A method according to claim 2 including storing the list of instructions in a first, chronological sequence and retrieving the list of instructions in a second, reverse-chronological sequence.
4. A method according to claim 2 wherein deriving and storing a list of instructions includes deriving the instructions from the predetermined exponent d.
5. A method according to claim 4 wherein deriving the instructions from the predetermined exponent includes:
splitting the binary equivalent of the predetermined exponent d into first and second bit portions;
executing a convergent sequence of operations on the first and second bit portions to reduce each bit portion to 1; and
deriving an instruction at each step of the convergent sequence of operations.
6. A method according to claim 5 wherein executing a convergent sequence of operations on the first and second bit portions includes:
identifying the bit portion having the larger magnitude;
halving the larger magnitude bit portion if the larger magnitude bit portion is even; and
subtracting the smaller magnitude bit portion from the larger magnitude bit portion if the larger magnitude bit portion is odd; and
repeating the foregoing steps until each bit portion is 1.
7. A method according to claim 6 wherein deriving an instruction at each step of the convergent sequence of operations includes:
deriving a double instruction when the larger magnitude bit portion is halved; and
deriving an add instruction when the smaller magnitude bit portion is subtracted from the larger magnitude bit portion.
8. A method according to claim 7 wherein deriving a double instruction includes indicating the memory element in which the larger magnitude bit portion resides, and deriving an add instruction includes indicating the respective memory elements in which each of the larger magnitude bit portion and the smaller magnitude bit portion resides.
9. A method according to claim 8 wherein generating a sequence of intermediate numbers further includes:
(a) initialising first and second memory elements with the binary equivalent of the data text c;
(b) retrieving a pre-stored instruction;
(c) functionally manipulating one or both of the first and second memory elements according to the retrieved instruction to generate an intermediate number; and
(d) repeating each of steps (b) and (c) for each instruction in the list of instructions.
10. A method according to claim 9 further including combining the bit information in the first and second memory elements to produce the integer representation m.
11. A method according to claim 6 wherein executing a convergent sequence of operations on the first and second bit portions further includes halving the smaller magnitude bit portion if the larger magnitude bit portion is odd and the smaller magnitude bit portion is even and smaller than the larger magnitude bit portion by a predetermined factor.
12. A method according to claim 5 further including, after splitting the binary equivalent of the predetermined exponent into first and second bit portions, adding m random bits to the least significant end of the first bit portion and adding m random bits to the most significant end of the second bit portion.
13. A method according claim 6 wherein executing a convergent sequence of operations on the first and second bit portions further includes:
checking whether the first and second bit portions equal one another but are not equal to 1; and
compensating for this equality if neither bit portion is equal to 1.
14. A method according to claim 13 wherein compensating for the equality includes subtracting a random number from one of the first or second bit portions.
15. A semiconductor device configured to perform the method of any of claim 1.