1-13. (canceled)
14. An analysis method of impurities and color centers in fluoride characterized in that the method comprises the steps of:
irradiating X-rays to a material comprising a part taken out of fluoride in a fused state in a melt process as a pre-process for a growth process of a single crystal comprising the fluoride;
comparing light transmittances of the material before and after the irradiation of X-rays with each other, thereby analyzing impurities and color centers in the material, to thereby determine a melt condition; and
then conducting growth of crystal.
15. The analysis method of impurities and color centers in fluoride, characterized in that the fluoride is one of calcium fluoride, barium fluoride, and magnesium fluoride.
16. The analysis method of impurities and color centers in fluoride of claim 15, characterized in that annealing is conducted before the X-ray irradiation.
17. The analysis method of impurities and color centers in fluoride of claim 16, characterized in that the annealing is conducted at 300 to 400\xb0 C.
18. The analysis method of impurities and color centers in fluoride of claim 16, characterized in that the annealing is conducted for 30 minutes to 2 hours.
19. The analysis method of impurities and color centers in fluoride of any one of claim 14, characterized in that the material has a surface which is a mirror ground surface.
20. The analysis method of impurities and color centers in fluoride of any one of claim 14, characterized in that the irradiation is conducted for a period of time of 5 minutes or longer.
21. The analysis method of impurities and color centers in fluoride of any one of claim 14, characterized in that the X-rays are provided at an acceleration voltage of 20 kV or higher and an electric current of 10 mA or more.
22. The analysis method of impurities and color centers in fluoride of any one of claim 14, characterized in that the X-ray irradiation is conducted multiple times.
23. A production method of a single crystal growth oriented material, characterized in that the method comprises the steps of:
in a melt process as a pre-process for a growth process of a single crystal comprising fluoride, taking a part out of the fluoride in a fused state, and bringing the part into an analysis specimen;
analyzing impurities and color centers of the analysis specimen by the analysis method of any one of 14; and
determining an additive condition of a scavenger based on a result of the analysis.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A system operating on a network for learning a language, the system comprising:
a memory for storing a scenario having tasks to be carried out in the language;
a connection manager able to accept one or more simultaneous connections requested over the network from one or more user systems;
a virtual reality subsystem for representing the scenario in a physical setting in a user interface operating on each user system connected to the learning system;
a communication subsystem for providing at least one channel over which users of two or more of the user systems can communicate text to each other when carrying out the tasks in the language;
a set of linguistic tools for receiving and disambiguating an identified term in specified text received from one of the connected user systems; and
a search subsystem for retrieving information on the network related to the specified text;
wherein the set of linguistic tools disambiguates the identified term in the information retrieved by the search subsystem to identify example uses having a meaning similar to the identified term in the specified text to aid the users of the user systems to comprehend the text communicated in the language over the at least one channel.
2. The system according to claim 1, wherein each user of the learning system is assigned an account with a profile to access the learning system from their user system operating on the network.
3. The system according to claim 2, wherein the search system selects information sources and filters search results using the profile of the users operating the user systems connected to the learning system.
4. The system according to claim 2, wherein the scenario is customized in accordance with the profile of the users operating the user systems connected to the learning system.
5. The system according to claim 1, further comprising a language guesser for filtering out text communicated using the communication subsystem that is other than in the language.
6. The system according to claim 1, further comprising a language guesser for filtering out search results that are other than in the language.
7. The system according to claim 1, wherein one of the set of linguistic tools measures a language level of text communicated over the at least one channel.
8. The system according to claim 7, wherein a user identified as a tutor is warned when the measure of social behavior over the at least one channel is below a predefined minimum level.
9. The system according to claim 7, wherein the communication subsystem filters text over the at least one channel having a measured social behavior below a predefined minimum level.
10. The system according to claim 1, wherein the set of linguistic tools disambiguates the identified term in the information retrieved by the search subsystem to identify example uses having a meaning dissimilar to the identified term in the specified text.
11. The system according to claim 1, further comprising a recommender subsystem for receiving recommendations from and distributing those recommendations to selected ones of the users operating the user systems connected to the learning system.
12. The system according to claim 1, wherein the communication subsystem invokes a chat window on the user interface on each user system connected to the learning system for displaying text communicated by users that are proximate to each other in the representation of the physical setting.
13. The system according to claim 1, wherein the set of linguistic tools comprises one or more of a spell checker, a thesaurus, a morphological analyzer, a contextual disambiguator, a sense disambiguator, and term extractor.
14. The system according to claim 1, further comprising a converter for converting audio to text for transmission over the communication subsystem.
15. The system according to claim 1, wherein the set of linguistic tools sense disambiguates the identified term in the specified text.
16. The system according to claim 1, wherein the set of linguistic tools syntactically disambiguates the identified term in the specified text.
17. The system according to claim 1, further comprising a session database for recording session history of the tasks of the scenario carried out by the users operating the user systems connected to the learning system.
18. The system according to claim 17, wherein the session history provides a measure of one of user language ability and user capacity for carrying out assigned tasks.
19. A method for learning a language using a system operating on a network,the method performed at the system comprising:
storing in a memory a scenario having tasks to be carried out in the language;
accepting one or more simultaneous connections requested over the network from one or more user systems;
representing the scenario in a physical setting in a user interface operating on each user system connected to the learning system;
providing at least one channel over which users of two or more of the user systems can communicate text with each other when carrying out the tasks in the language;
receiving and disambiguating an identified term in specified text received from one of the connected user systems; and
retrieving information on the network related to the specified text;
wherein said receiving and disambiguating further comprises disambiguating the identified term in the information retrieved to identify example uses having a meaning similar to the identified term in the specified text to aid the users of the user systems to comprehend the text communicated in the language over the at least one channel.
20. An article of manufacture for use in a machine comprising:
a) a memory;
b) instructions stored in the memory for operating a system on a network for Learning a language, the instructions being machine readable by the system and performing a method, the method comprising:
storing in a memory a scenario having tasks to be carried out in the language;
accepting one or more simultaneous connections requested over the network from one or more user systems;
representing the scenario in a physical setting in a user interface operating on each user system connected to the learning system;
providing at least one channel over which users of two or more of the user systems can communicate text with each other when carrying out the tasks in the language;
receiving and disambiguating an identified term in specified text received from one of the connected user systems; and
retrieving information on the network related to the specified text;
wherein said receiving and disambiguating further comprises disambiguating the identified term in the information retrieved to identify example uses having a meaning similar to the identified term in the specified text to aid the users of the user systems to comprehend the text communicated in the language over the at least one channel.