1. A polyurethane foam comprising the reaction product of:
(a) a polyisocyanate; and
(b) an active-hydrogen containing composition comprising an oligomeric polyol having a hydroxyl number of about 45 to about 65 mg KOHg, a number average hydroxyl functionality of less than about 2.7, and from about 55% to about 65% weight oligomers.
2. A polyurethane foam comprising the reaction product of:
(a) a polyisocyanate; and (b) an active-hydrogen containing composition comprising an oligomeric polyol having a hydroxyl number of about 45 to about 65 mg KOHg, a number average hydroxyl functionality of less than about 2.7, and about 40% weight or greater oligomers, wherein the oligomeric polyol has about 8% to about 12% weight dimers, about 5% to about 10% weight trimers, and about 35% weight or greater higher order oligomers.
3. The polyurethane foam of claim 1, wherein the oligomeric polyol has a number average hydroxyl functionality less than about 2.5.
4. The polyurethane foam of claim 1 or 2, wherein the oligomeric polyol has a number average hydroxyl functionality less than about 2.0.
5. The polyurethane foam of claim 1, wherein the oligomeric polyol has an acid value that is less than about 1.0 mg KOHgram.
6. The polyurethane foam of claim 1, wherein the oligomeric polyol has a number average molecular weight (Mn) of about 1000 to 5000 gramsmole.
7. The polyurethane foam of claim 1, wherein the oligomeric polyol has a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of about 5000 to 50,000 gramsmole.
8. The polyurethane foam of claim 1, wherein the oligomeric polyol has a viscosity of about 0.5 to about 10 Pa\xb7s at 25\xb0 C.
9. The polyurethane foam of claim 1, wherein the oligomeric polyol has a residual epoxy oxygen content of about 0.5% to about 5.0%.
10. The polyurethane foam of claim 1, wherein the oligomeric polyol has a residual epoxy oxygen content of about 0.01% to about 5.0%.
11. The polyurethane foam of claim 1, wherein the oligomeric polyol is made from an epoxidized natural oil.
12. The polyurethane foam of claim 11, wherein the natural oil is selected from soybean oil, safflower oil, linseed oil, corn oil, sunflower oil, olive oil, canola oil, sesame oil, cottonseed oil, palm-based oil, rapeseed oil, tung oil, peanut oil, fish oil, lard, tallow, and combinations thereof.
13. The polyurethane foam of claim 12, wherein the natural oil comprises soybean oil.
14. The polyurethane foam of claim 12, wherein the palm-based oil comprises palm-olein.
15. The polyurethane foam of claim 1, wherein the active-hydrogen containing composition further comprises a petroleum-derived polyol.
16. The polyurethane foam of claim 15, wherein the petroleum-derived polyol is a triol.
17. The polyurethane foam of claim 15, wherein the petroleum-derived triol has a molecular weight of about 3000 gramsmole.
18. The polyurethane foam of claim 15, wherein the active-hydrogen containing composition comprises about 45% to about 90% weight petroleum-derived polyol and about 10% to about 60% weight oligomeric polyol.
19. The polyurethane foam of claim 1, wherein the polyisocyanate is toluene diisocyanate, 4,4\u2032-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, polymeric 4,4\u2032-diphenylmethane, or a mixture thereof.
20. The polyurethane foam of claim 1, wherein the active-hydrogen containing composition comprises about 10% to about 50% weight of the oligomeric polyol.
21. The polyurethane foam of claim 1, wherein the polyurethane foam is a slabstock foam.
22. The polyurethane foam of claim 21, wherein the polyurethane foam is flexible slabstock foam.
23. The polyurethane foam of claim 1, wherein the polyurethane foam is a molded foam.
24. The polyurethane foam of claim 1, wherein the polyurethane foam has a density of about 0.5 to about 5.0 lbsft3.
25. The polyurethane foam of claim 1, wherein the wherein the active hydrogen-containing composition comprises at least 10 PPH oligomeric polyol, and wherein the polyurethane foam exhibits a percent tensile strength reduction relative to a control formulation that is less than or equal to formula (I):
percent tensile strength reduction=0.89\xd7(PPH oligomeric polyol)\u2003\u2003(I)
for polyurethane foam having a density of about 1.5 lbft3 and a 25% IFD of about 23 N323 cm2.
26. The polyurethane foam of claim 25, wherein formula (I) equals:
percent tensile strength reduction=1.0\xd7(PPH oligomeric polyol)\u2003\u2003(I).
27. The polyurethane foam of claim 1, wherein the active hydrogen-containing composition comprises at least 10 PPH oligomeric polyol, and wherein the polyurethane foam exhibits a tear strength reduction relative to a control formulation that is less than or equal to formula (II):
percent tear strength reduction=1.40\xd7(PPH of oligomeric polyol)\u2003\u2003(II)
for polyurethane foam having a density of about 1.5 lbft3 and a 25% IFD of about 23 N323 cm2.
28. The polyurethane foam of claim 1, wherein the active-hydrogen containing composition comprises at least 10 PPH oligomeric polyol, and wherein the polyurethane foam exhibits a percent elongation reduction that is less than or equal to formula (III):
percent elongation reduction=1.36\xd7(PPH of oligomeric polyol)\u2003\u2003(III)
for polyurethane foam having a density of about 1.5 lbft3 and a 25% IFD of about 23 N323 cm2.
29. The polyurethane foam of claim 1, wherein the polyurethane foam is in the form of a slabstock foam bun having a high density outer skin layer comprising an outer one inch of the foam, and wherein the density of the outer skin layer is at least about 20% less than a high density outer skin layer of a polyurethane foam bun comprising a control formulation.
30. The polyurethane foam of claim 29, wherein the density of the slabstock polyurethane foam is less than the density of the slabstock foam comprising the control formulation by about 0.25lbft3 or greater.
31. A polyurethane foam of claim 1, wherein the polyurethane foam has an increased support factor as compared to a polyurethane foam comprising a control formulation.
32. The polyurethane foam of claim 31, wherein the support factor ranges from about 1.7 to about 2.2.
33. The polyurethane foam of claim 1, wherein the polyurethane foam has improved hand touch as compared to a polyurethane foam comprising a control formulation.
34. The polyurethane foam of claim 33, wherein the polyurethane foam has a 5% IFD that is reduced by about 2% or greater as compared to the control formulation.
35. The polyurethane foam of claim 33, wherein the polyurethane foam has a 5% IFD that is reduced by about 5% or greater as compared to the control formulation.
36. The polyurethane foam of claim 1, wherein the polyurethane foam has improved flame retardancy as compared to a polyurethane foam comprising a control formulation.
37. The polyurethane foam of claim 36, wherein the polyurethane foam has a reduced char length as compared to the control formulation.
38. The polyurethane foam of claim 1, wherein the polyurethane foam has improved water resistance as compared to a polyurethane foam comprising a control formulation.
39. The polyurethane foam of claim 1, wherein the polyurethane foam has a reduced 5% IFD as compared to a polyurethane foam comprising a control formulation.
40. The polyurethane foam of claim 1, wherein the polyurethane foam has a reduced 5% IFD and a substantially equal 25% IFD as compared to a polyurethane foam comprising a control formulation.
41. The polyurethane foam of claim 1, wherein the oligomeric polyol is prepared by a process comprising:
(a) providing an epoxidized natural oil; and
(b) combining the epoxidized natural oil with an ring-opening alcohol and a catalytic amount of ring-opening catalyst to form the oligomeric polyol.
42. The polyurethane foam of claim 41, wherein the ring-opening alcohol is a monohydric alcohol.
43. The polyurethane foam of claim 42, wherein the monohydric alcohol is methanol.
44. The polyurethane foam of claim 41, wherein the ring-opening alcohol is a polyol.
45. The polyurethane foam of claim 44, wherein the polyol is ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, butylene glycol, 1,4-butane-diol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, a vegetable oil-based polyol, or a mixture thereof.
46. The polyurethane foam of claim 1, wherein the oligomeric polyol comprises about 30 ppm or less hexanal.
47. The polyurethane foam of claim 1, wherein the oligomeric polyol comprises about 30 ppm or less nonanal.
48. The polyurethane foam of claim 1, wherein the oligomeric polyol comprises about 30 ppm or less decanal.
49. The polyurethane foam of claim 1, wherein the oligomeric polyol comprises about 70 ppm or less total hexanal, nonanal, and decanal.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. An endo-tracheal intubation device comprising:
a stylet comprising:
a stylet tubular element having a stylet distal end and a stylet proximal end opposite said stylet distal end,
a stylet channel extending through said tubular element from said stylet distal end to said stylet proximal end, and
a scored section proximate said stylet distal end, said scored section comprising a plurality of spaced apart transverse slots positioned along and extending into one side of said stylet tubular element;
a stylet holder comprising:
a stylet holder distal end and a stylet holder proximal end opposite said stylet holder distal end,
a cavity extending into and within said stylet holder distal end of said stylet holder, said cavity sized so as to receive said stylet proximal end of said stylet,
a U-shaped channel along said stylet holder proximal end, and
a through passageway extending from said cavity into said U-shaped channel,
a bell crank pivotally connected to said stylet holder proximal end, said bell crank comprising:
a short arm positioned so as to pivotably move within said U-shaped channel, and
an elongated trigger arm disposed at an obtuse angle to said short arm, said elongated trigger arm being pivotably movable towards and away from an outer surface of said stylet holder; and
a flexible wire comprising:
a continuous wire having a first wire end and a second wire end opposite said first wire end,
said first wire end being connected to said stylet, and
said second wire end being connected to said short arm, said flexible wire extending through said stylet channel along said scored section, beyond said stylet proximal end into said stylet holder and through said through passageway so as to connect said stylet to said short arm;
wherein movement of said elongated trigger arm towards said outer surface of said stylet holder causes said stylet to bend along said scored section, and
wherein said cavity of said stylet holder comprises (i) a first cavity portion at said stylet holder distal end, (ii) a second cavity portion between said first cavity portion and said through passageway, said first cavity portion having a greater cross-sectional area than said second cavity portion, (iii) a first shoulder between said first cavity portion and said second cavity portion, and (iv) a second shoulder positioned between said second cavity portion and said through passageway.
2. The endo-tracheal intubation device of claim 1, wherein said stylet tubular element comprises a single continuous tubular member such that tubular member portions located between said plurality of spaced apart transverse slots share an outer surface along said stylet tubular element.
3. The endo-tracheal intubation device of claim 1, wherein said stylet further comprises a light at said stylet distal end, and said stylet holder comprises a switch that cuts on and off said light.
4. The endo-tracheal intubation device of claim 3, wherein said light forms a tip of said stylet at said stylet distal end.
5. The endo-tracheal intubation device of claim 3, further comprising an electrically conductive wire connecting said light to said switch.
6. The endo-tracheal intubation device of claim 1, wherein said stylet holder further comprises (i) at least one battery compartment within an inner volume of said stylet holder, and (ii) a battery positioned within each battery compartment.
7. The endo-tracheal intubation device of claim 1, wherein said stylet holder comprises first and second elements that join together to form a housing of said stylet holder, each of said first and second elements having corresponding mirror-image features so as to form (i) said cavity, (ii) said U-shaped channel, and (iii) said through passageway when assembled with one another.
8. The endo-tracheal intubation device of claim 1, wherein said stylet proximal end of said stylet engages with said second cavity portion.
9. The endo-tracheal intubation device of claim 8, further comprising:
an endo-tracheal tube having an endo-tracheal tube distal end and an endo-tracheal tube proximal end opposite said endo-tracheal tube distal end.
10. The endo-tracheal intubation device of claim 9, wherein said tube proximal end of said endo-tracheal tube engages with said first cavity portion.
11. An endo-tracheal intubation device comprising:
a stylet comprising:
a stylet tubular element having a stylet distal end and a stylet proximal end opposite said stylet distal end,
a stylet channel extending through said tubular element from said stylet distal end to said stylet proximal end,
a scored section proximate said stylet distal end, said scored section comprising a plurality of spaced apart transverse slots positioned along and extending into one side of said stylet tubular element, and
a light forming a tip of said stylet at said stylet distal end;
a stylet holder comprising:
a stylet holder distal end and a stylet holder proximal end opposite said stylet holder distal end,
a cavity extending into and within said stylet holder distal end of said stylet holder, said cavity sized so as to receive said stylet proximal end of said stylet,
a U-shaped channel along said stylet holder proximal end,
a through passageway extending from said cavity into said U-shaped channel,
(i) at least one battery compartment within an inner volume of said stylet holder, and (ii) a battery positioned within each battery compartment, and
electrical circuitry extending from each battery to a switch that cuts on and off said light;
a bell crank pivotally connected to said stylet holder proximal end, said bell crank comprising:
a short arm positioned so as to pivotably move within said U-shaped channel, and
an elongated trigger arm disposed at an obtuse angle to said short arm, said elongated trigger arm being pivotably movable towards and away from an outer surface of said stylet holder;
a flexible wire comprising:
a continuous wire having a first wire end and a second wire end opposite said first wire end,
said first wire end being connected to said stylet, and
said second wire end being connected to said short arm, said flexible wire extending through said stylet channel along said scored section, beyond said stylet proximal end into said stylet holder and through said through passageway so as to connect said stylet to said short arm; and
an electrically conductive wire connecting said light to said switch;
wherein (I) movement of said elongated trigger arm towards said outer surface of said stylet holder causes said stylet to bend along said scored section, (II) said stylet holder comprises first and second elements that join together to form a housing of said stylet holder, each of said first and second elements having corresponding mirror-image features so as to form (i) said cavity, (ii) said U-shaped channel, and (iii) said through passageway when assembled with one another, and (III) said cavity of said stylet holder comprises (i) a first cavity portion at said stylet holder distal end, (ii) a second cavity portion between said first cavity portion and said through passageway, said first cavity portion having a greater cross-sectional area than said second cavity portion, (iii) a first shoulder between said first cavity portion and said second cavity portion, and (iv) a second shoulder positioned between said second cavity portion and said through passageway.
12. The endo-tracheal intubation device of claim 11, wherein said stylet proximal end of said stylet extends into and engages with said second cavity portion such that an annular portion of said first cavity portion extends around an outer surface of said stylet, and said second shoulder prevents said stylet from extending into said through passageway.
13. The endo-tracheal intubation device of claim 12, further comprising:
an endo-tracheal tube having a an endo-tracheal tube distal end and an endo-tracheal tube proximal end opposite said endo-tracheal tube distal end, said endo-tracheal tube proximal end of said endo-tracheal tube extending into and engaging with said first cavity portion, and said first shoulder prevents said endo-tracheal tube proximal end from extending into said second cavity portion.
14. An endo-tracheal intubation device comprising:
a stylet comprising:
a stylet tubular element having a stylet distal end, a stylet proximal end opposite said stylet distal end, and a stylet cross-sectional area at said stylet proximal end,
a stylet channel extending through said tubular element from said stylet distal end to said stylet proximal end, and
a scored section proximate said stylet distal end, said scored section comprising a plurality of spaced apart transverse slots positioned along and extending into one side of said stylet tubular element;
a stylet holder comprising:
a stylet holder distal end and a stylet holder proximal end opposite said stylet holder distal end,
a cavity extending into and within said stylet holder distal end of said stylet holder, said cavity sized so as to receive said stylet proximal end of said stylet, said cavity comprising (i) a first cavity portion at said stylet holder distal end, (ii) a second cavity portion between said first cavity portion and said stylet holder proximal end, said first cavity portion having a greater cross-sectional area than said second cavity portion, and said second cavity portion having a cross-sectional area substantially equal to said stylet cross-sectional area at said stylet proximal end, (iii) a first shoulder between said first cavity portion and said second cavity portion, and (iv) a second shoulder positioned at said second cavity portion opposite said first cavity portion,
a U-shaped channel along said stylet holder proximal end, and
a through passageway extending from said cavity into said U-shaped channel, said through passageway having a cross-sectional area that is less than a cross-sectional area of said second cavity portion,
a bell crank pivotally connected to said stylet holder proximal end, said bell crank comprising:
a short arm positioned so as to pivotably move within said U-shaped channel, and
an elongated trigger arm disposed at an obtuse angle to said short arm, said elongated trigger arm being pivotably movable towards and away from an outer surface of said stylet holder; and
a flexible wire comprising:
a continuous wire having a first wire end and a second wire end opposite said first wire end,
said first wire end being connected to said stylet, and
said second wire end being connected to said short arm, said flexible wire extending through said stylet channel along said scored section, beyond said stylet proximal end into said stylet holder and through said through passageway so as to connect said stylet to said short arm;
wherein movement of said elongated trigger arm towards said outer surface of said stylet holder causes said stylet to bend along said scored section.
15. The endo-tracheal intubation device of claim 14, wherein said stylet holder comprises first and second elements that join together to form a housing of said stylet holder, each of said first and second elements having corresponding mirror-image features so as to form (i) said cavity, (ii) said U-shaped channel, and (iii) said through passageway when assembled with one another.
16. The endo-tracheal intubation device of claim 15, wherein said stylet further comprises a light at said stylet distal end, and said stylet holder comprises a switch that cuts on and off said light.
17. The endo-tracheal intubation device of claim 1, wherein (i) said stylet tubular element has a stylet cross-sectional area at said stylet proximal end, (ii) said second cavity portion has a cross-sectional area substantially equal to said stylet cross-sectional area at said stylet proximal end, and (iii) said through passageway has a cross-sectional area that is less than a cross-sectional area of said second cavity portion.
18. The endo-tracheal intubation device of claim 11, wherein (i) said stylet tubular element has a stylet cross-sectional area at said stylet proximal end, (ii) said second cavity portion has a cross-sectional area substantially equal to said stylet cross-sectional area at said stylet proximal end, and (iii) said through passageway has a cross-sectional area that is less than a cross-sectional area of said second cavity portion.
19. The endo-tracheal intubation device of claim 13, wherein said endo-tracheal intubation device consists of said stylet, said stylet holder, said bell crank, said flexible wire, said electrically conductive wire connecting said light to said switch, and said endo-tracheal tube.
20. The endo-tracheal intubation device of claim 16, further comprising:
an endo-tracheal tube having an endo-tracheal tube distal end and an endo-tracheal tube proximal end opposite said endo-tracheal tube distal end, said endo-tracheal tube proximal end of said endo-tracheal tube extending into and engaging with said first cavity portion, and said first shoulder prevents said endo-tracheal tube proximal end from extending into said second cavity portion.