What is claimed is:
1. A process for the preparation of -olefins, comprising, contacting at about 40 C. to about 120 C. in a liquid full modified plug flow reactor:
(a) an oligomerization catalyst which is an iron complex of a 2,6-pyridinecarboxaldehye(bisimine) or a 2,6-diacylpyridine(bisimine) which oligomerizes ethylene to -olefins;
(b) ethylene;
(c) an organic solvent; and
(d) optionally one or more cocatalysts;
wherein (a) plus (b) plus (c) plus (d), when present, form a process mixture, and wherein along the length of said modified plug flow reactor said oligomerization catalyst is added at two or more first addition points to said process mixture, so that a time interval for said process mixture between said addition points is about 0.3 to about 5 half lives of said oligomerization catalyst under process conditions.
2. The process as recited in claim 1 wherein said time interval is about 0.5 to about 3.0 of said half lives.
3. The process as recited in claim 1 wherein said 2,6-pyridinecarboxaldehye(bisimine) or 2,6-diacylpyridine(bisimine) is
11
wherein:
R1, R2 and R3 are each independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl or an inert functional group, provided that any two of R1, R2 and R3 vicinal to one another taken together may form a ring;
R4 and R5 are each independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl or an inert functional group;
R6 and R7 are each independently a substituted aryl having a first ring atom bound to the imino nitrogen, provided that:
in R6, a second ring atom adjacent to said first ring atom is bound to a halogen; a primary carbon group, a secondary carbon group or a tertiary carbon group; and further provided that
in R6, when said second ring atom is bound to a halogen or a primary carbon group, none, one or two of the other ring atoms in R6 and R7 adjacent to said first ring atom are bound to a halogen or a primary carbon group, with the remainder of the ring atoms adjacent to said first ring atom being bound to a hydrogen atom; or
in R6, when said second ring atom is bound to a secondary carbon group, none, one or two of the other ring atoms in R6 and R7 adjacent to said first ring atom are bound to a halogen, a primary carbon group or a secondary carbon group, with the remainder of the ring atoms adjacent to said first ring atom being bound to a hydrogen atom; or
in R6, when said second ring atom is bound to a tertiary carbon group, none or one of the other ring atoms in R6 and R7 adjacent to said first ring atom are bound to a tertiary carbon group, with the remainder of the ring atoms adjacent to said first ring atom being bound to a hydrogen atom.
4. The process as recited in claim 3 wherein
R6 is
12
and R7 is
13
wherein:
R8 is a halogen, a primary carbon group, a secondary carbon group or a tertiary carbon group; and
R9, R10, R11, R14, R15, R16 and R17 are each independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl or a functional group;
provided that:
when R8 is a halogen or primary carbon group none, one or two of R12, R13 and R17 are a halogen or a primary carbon group, with the remainder of R12, R13 and R17 being hydrogen; or
when R8 is a secondary carbon group, none or one of R12, R13 and R17 is a halogen, a primary carbon group or a secondary carbon group, with the remainder of R12, R13 and R17 being hydrogen; or
when R8 is a tertiary carbon group, none or one of R12, R13 and R17 is tertiary carbon group, with the remainder of R12, R13 and R17 being hydrogen;
and further provided that any two of R8, R9, R10, R11, R12, R13, R14, R15, R16 and R17 vicinal to one another, taken together may form a ring.
5. The process as recited in claim 4 wherein:
if R8 is a primary carbon group, R13 is a primary carbon group, and R12 and R17 are hydrogen; or
if R8 is a secondary carbon group, R13 is a primary carbon group or a secondary carbon group, more preferably a secondary carbon group, and R12 and R17 are hydrogen; or
if R8 is a tertiary carbon group (more preferably a trihalo tertiary carbon group such as a trihalomethyl), R13 is a tertiary carbon group (more preferably a trihalotertiary group such as a trihalomethyl), and R12 and R17 are hydrogen; or
if R8 is a halogen, R13 is a halogen, and R12 and R17 are hydrogen.
6. The process as recited in claim 4 wherein:
R1, R2 and R3 are hydrogen; and R4 and R5 are methyl;
R19, R20, R21, R23 and R24 are all hydrogen; R22 is methyl; and R18 methyl; or
R19, R20, R21, R23 and R24 are all hydrogen; R22 is ethyl; and R18 ethyl; or
R19, R20, R21, R23 and R24 are all hydrogen; R22 is isopropyl; and R18 isopropyl; or
R19, R20 R21, R23 and R24 are all hydrogen; R22 is n-propyl; and R18 n-propyl; or
R19, R20 R21, R23 and R24 are all hydrogen; R22 is chloro or bromo; and R18 is a halogen.
7. The process as recited in claim 1 which is carried out at a temperature of about 70 C. to about 110 C.
8. The process as recited in claim 1 wherein there are about 3 to about 8 of said addition points.
9. The process as recited in claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9 wherein ethylene is added at two or more second addition points to said process mixture.
10. The process as recited in claim 9 wherein said first addition points and said second addition points are the same.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. An apparatus for both inductive coupled power transferring and electrical-field coupled power transferring, for outputting a magnetic-field electricity to charge a first external device when under an inductive coupled power transfer mode, and for outputting an electrical-field electricity to charge a second external device when under an electrical-field coupled power transfer mode, the apparatus comprising:
a power converter, for receiving an input voltage and converting the input voltage into a specific voltage;
a control circuit, for controlling the power converter;
a wireless communication receiving circuit, for receiving a first power identification signal andor a second power identification signal, wherein the first power identification signal includes power requirement information of the first external device, and the second power identification signal includes power requirement information of the second external device; and
a metal plate, coupled to the power converter;
wherein when the wireless communication receiving circuit receives the first power identification signal of the first external device, the apparatus for both inductive coupled power transferring and electrical-field coupled power transferring executes the inductive coupled power transfer mode, and the control circuit controls the power converter for outputting the magnetic-field electricity to charge the first external device;
wherein when the wireless communication receiving circuit receives the second power identification signal of the second external device, the apparatus for both inductive coupled power transferring and electrical-field coupled power transferring executes the electrical-field coupled power transfer mode, and the control circuit controls the power converter for outputting a high frequency and high voltage power to the metal plate, in order to output the electrical-field electricity for charging the second external device.
2. The apparatus for both inductive coupled power transferring and electrical-field coupled power transferring according to claim 1, wherein the metal plate is:
a plate coil, wherein a wire part of the plate coil includes an assigned width and is platy, and the plate coil is winded at a plane surface which is parallel with a plate of the plate coil;
wherein when under the inductive coupled power transfer mode, the power converter input a first external voltage into a first terminal of the plate coil; and
a switch of the power converter is coupled to a second terminal of the plate coil, and the power converter outputs the magnetic-field electricity for charging the first external device by a switching operation of the second terminal of the plate coil;
wherein when under the electrical-field coupled power transfer mode, the power converter input a second external voltage into the first terminal of the plate coil, and controls the second terminal of the plate coil to be opened, for outputting the electrical-field electricity to charge the second external device by controlling frequency and voltage magnitude of the second external voltage, wherein the second external voltage is the high frequency and high voltage power.
3. The apparatus for both inductive coupled power transferring and electrical-field coupled power transferring according to claim 2, wherein the plate coil includes a circle center, and the plate coil is winded in a concentric circle and radial manner according to the circle center.
4. The apparatus for both inductive coupled power transferring and electrical-field coupled power transferring according to claim 3, wherein a metal plane part of the plate coil occupies over 80% area of a circle area formed from the circle center to a radius of the plate coil.
5. The apparatus for both inductive coupled power transferring and electrical-field coupled power transferring according to claim 2, wherein the plate coil includes a central point, and the plate coil is winded in a rectangular and radial manner according to the central point.
6. The apparatus for both inductive coupled power transferring and electrical-field coupled power transferring according to claim 5, wherein a metal plane part of the plate coil occupies over 80% area of a rectangular area surrounded by a surrounding of the plate coil.