1. A method to produce a reconstructed refractive index spatial map useful for detection of a tumor in tissue comprising the following steps:
a. utilizing light in the near-infrared portion of the spectrum as a source of illumination;
b. generating observed values representing photon flux by delivering said light in the near-infrared portion of the spectrum to a surface of the tissue to be examined by at least two bundles of source optical fibers;
c. detecting scattered photons from said light in the near-infrared portion of the spectrum by at least two bundles of detector optical fibers, said at least two bundles of detector optical fibers being in functional communication with a computer;
d. processing the detected scattered photon data received by said computer to generate expected parametric values related to refractive index by means of an algorithm programmed into said computer, wherein said algorithm is based on the solution of:
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\u2003where \u03a6=the photon density; n=the refractive index; c=the speed of light in the medium; D=the diffusion; \u03bca=the absorption coefficient; S0=the source strength; \u03b4(r\u2212r0) Dirac delta function at position r0;
e. iteratively comparing said observed and said calculated values related to refractive index until differences between values are non-significant;
f. producing an image of the reconstructed refractive image spatial map; and
g. evaluating the said spatial map to determine if abnormalities are apparent in the mapped tissue.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein said tissue is human breast tissue.
3. A method to detect a tumor in tissue comprising the steps of:
a. assigning initial values to elements of a photon diffusion equation;
b. determining photon density values experimentally;
c. calculating refractive index values reiteratively using an algorithm based on the solution of:
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\u2003Where \u03a6=the photon density; n=the refractive index; c=the speed of light in the medium; D=the diffusion; \u03bca=the absorption coefficient; S0=the source strength; \u03b4(r\u2212r0) =Dirac delta function at position r0and
d. generating a refractive index spatial map for detection of a tumor using the calculated refractive index values.
4. A system to produce reconstructed refractive index spatial maps comprising:
a. at least two bundles of detector fiber optic material in functional communication with a computer, said computer adapted to receive observed photon density data ands to analyze said data by means of an algorithm;
b. at least two bundles of fiber optic delivery material functionally connected to a light source, said light source being adapted to transmitting light in the near-infrared portion of the spectrum;
c. an algorithm based on the solution of:
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\u2003where \u03a6=the photon density; n=the refractive index; c=the speed of light in the medium; D=the diffusion; \u03bca=the absorption coefficient; S0=the source strength; \u03b4(r\u2212r0) =Dirac delta function at position r0;
said algorithm capable of the analysis of photon density observed data communicated to it to generate a restructured refractive index map of tissue being examined, said spatial map being produced by iterations of points on a predetermined grid; and
d. A means to display and reproduce said spatial map.
5. The reconstructed refractive index spatial maps displayed in any form, said map being produced by the analysis of photon scattering using light in the near-infrared portion of the spectrum wherein photon scattering data are transmitted to a computer capable of analysis of said data by means of an algorithm based on the solution of:
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\u2003where \u03a6=the photon density; n=the refractive index; c=the speed of light in the medium; D=the diffusion; \u03bca=the absorption coefficient; S0=the source strength; \u03b4(r\u2212r0) =Dirac delta function at position r0, ultimately yielding a reconstructed refractive index spatial map.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method on an end user system encoding watermarks with usage conditions of previously received encrypted digital content without receiving additional copies of the encrypted digital content, the method comprising:
sending to an electronic store a request from a user to acquire additional usage rights for encrypted digital content which has been previously received, wherein included with the encrypted digital content is:
at least one usage right;
a first watermark identifying a source of the encrypted digital content, wherein the first watermark includes transaction information and an identification of a clearing house which is separate from an identification of a store from which the encrypted digital content was purchased; and
at least one watermarking instruction containing parameters and information for creating a second watermark on an end user system with transaction information to track each distribution of the encrypted digital content;
receiving from the electronic store a hash value which uniquely identifies the encrypted digital content associated with the request to acquire additional usage rights for the encrypted digital content;
comparing the hash value received from the electronic store with a previously stored hash value corresponding to the previously received encrypted digital content;
updating the usage conditions associated with the encrypted digital content in response to the hash value received from the electronic store matching the previously stored hash value, wherein the watermarking instruction has been updated by a clearing house which is separate from a store from which the encrypted digital content was purchased;
generating the second watermark, on the end user system, based upon the parameters and information in the watermarking instruction and the usage conditions which have been updated without re-receiving another copy of the encrypted digital content, wherein the generating the second watermark is performed in a tamper resistant environment so as to deter unauthorized access to the watermarking instruction;
applying the second watermark to the encrypted digital content so as to overwrite the first watermark;
decrypting the encrypted digital content with a first decrypting key; and
reencrypting the digital content along with the second water mark with a second encryption key, wherein the second encrypting key is a symmetric key locally generated at the end user device.
2. A computer readable medium encoded with programming instructions for encoding watermarks with usage conditions of previously received encrypted digital content without receiving additional copies of the encrypted digital content, the programming instructions comprising:
sending to an electronic store a request from a user to acquire additional usage rights for encrypted digital content which has been previously received, wherein included with the encrypted digital content is:
at least one usage right;
a first watermark identifying a source of the encrypted digital content, wherein the first watermark includes transaction information and an identification of a clearing house which is separate from an identification of a store from which the encrypted digital content was purchased; and
at least one watermarking instruction containing parameters and information for creating a second watermark on an end user system with transaction information to track each distribution of the encrypted digital content;
receiving from an electronic store a hash value which uniquely identifies the encrypted digital content associated with the request to acquire additional usage rights for the encrypted digital content;
comparing the hash value received from the electronic store with a previously stored hash value corresponding to the previously received encrypted digital content;
updating the usage conditions associated with the encrypted digital content in response to the hash value received from the electronic store matching the previously stored hash value, wherein the watermarking instruction has been updated by a clearing house which is separate from a store from which the encrypted digital content was purchased;
generating the second watermark, on the end user system, based upon the parameters and information in the watermarking instruction and the usage conditions which have been updated without re-receiving another copy of the encrypted digital content, wherein the generating the second watermark is performed in a tamper resistant environment so as to deter unauthorized access to the watermarking instruction;
applying the second watermark to the encrypted digital content so as to overwrite the first watermark;
decrypting the encrypted digital content with a first decrypting key; and
reencrypting the digital content along with the second water mark with a second encryption key, wherein the second encrypting key is a symmetric key locally generated at the end user device.
3. An information processing system for encoding watermarks with usage conditions of previously received encrypted digital content without receiving additional copies of the encrypted digital content, the system comprising:
a processor coupled to memory storing encrypted digital content and said processor is programmed to sending to an electronic store a request from a user to acquire additional usage rights for encrypted digital content which has been previously received, wherein included with the encrypted digital content is:
at least one usage right;
a first watermark identifying a source of the encrypted digital content, wherein the first watermark includes transaction information and an identification of a clearing house which is separate from an identification of a store from which the encrypted digital content was purchased; and
at least one watermarking instruction containing parameters and information for creating a second watermark with transaction information to track each distribution of the encrypted digital content;
a tamper resistant environment deterring unauthorized access to the encrypted digital content, the tamper resistant environment including software instructions performed by the processor, wherein said processor is programmed to:
receiving from the electronic store an hash value which uniquely identifies the encrypted digital content associated with a request to acquire additional usage rights for the encrypted digital content;
comparing the hash value received from the electronic store with a previously stored hash value corresponding to the previously received encrypted digital content;
updating the usage conditions associated with the encrypted digital content in response to the hash value received from the electronic store matching the previously stored hash value, wherein the watermarking instruction has been updated by a clearing house which is separate from a store from which the encrypted digital content was purchased; and
generating the second watermark based upon the parameters and information in the watermarking instruction and the usage conditions which have been updated without re-receiving another copy of the encrypted digital content;
applying the second watermark to the encrypted digital content;
decrypting the encrypted digital content with a first decrypting key; and
reencrypting the digital content along with the second water mark with a second encryption key, wherein the second encrypting key is a symmetric key locally generated.