1. A transceiver to simultaneously operate on a first personal area network (PAN) and a second PAN, the transceiver comprising:
a first receiver configured to receive data on the first PAN;
a second receiver configured to receive data on the second PAN at the same time that the first receiver is receiving data on the first PAN;
a shared transmitter that is switchable to transmit data on either the first PAN or on the second PAN; and
a controller configured to control the shared transmitter so that the shared transmitter automatically transmits data on the first PAN when data is available for transmission on the first PAN and on the second PAN when data is available for transmission on the second PAN.
2. The transceiver of claim 1 wherein the controller is further configured to simultaneously monitor the data received on the first PAN by the first receiver and on the second PAN by the second receiver to thereby identify a time in which the first PAN and the second PAN are both inactive.
3. The transceiver of claim 2 wherein the controller is further configured to automatically control the transmitter so that data is transmitted on either the first PAN or the second PAN only when the first PAN and the second PAN are both inactive.
4. The transceiver of claim 3 wherein the first PAN is more fault-tolerant than the second PAN, and wherein the controller is further configured to transmit data on the first PAN and on the second PAN when the second PAN is inactive.
5. The transceiver of claim 1 wherein the controller is further configured to simultaneously monitor the data received on the first PAN by the first receiver and on the second PAN by the second receiver.
6. The transceiver of claim 1 wherein controller is further configured to provide a control signal to a switch that couples an antenna to the shared transmitter during a transmit mode and that couples the antenna to the first and second receivers during a receive mode.
7. The transceiver of claim 1 wherein the first receiver, second receiver, shared transmitter and controller are formed on a common semiconducting substrate.
8. The transceiver of claim 7 wherein a television decoder and a television display processor are also formed on the common semiconducting substrate.
9. The transceiver of claim 1 wherein the first receiver, second receiver, shared transmitter and controller are housed in a common package.
10. A method executable by a digital controller to process simultaneous communications on a first personal area network (PAN) and on a second PAN, the method comprising:
monitoring data received from the first PAN via a first receiver;
simultaneously monitoring data received from the second PAN via a second receiver that is distinct from the first receiver;
before transmitting data on either the first PAN or the second PAN, determining from the monitored data that the first PAN and the second PAN are both inactive; and
controlling a transmitter that is shared between the first PAN and the second PAN to thereby transmit data on either the first PAN or the second PAN only when the first PAN and the second PAN are both inactive.
11. The method of claim 10 wherein the controlling comprises switchably coupling an antenna to at least one of the first and second receivers in a first mode for receiving signals on the first and second PANs, respectively, or to the shared transmitter in a second mode for transmission on either the first PAN or the second PAN.
12. The method of claim 11 wherein the antenna is coupled to both the first receiver and to the second receiver in the first mode to simultaneously receive data on both the first PAN and on the second PAN.
13. The method of claim 10 further comprising disabling both the first receiver and the second receiver when the shared transmitter is transmitting on either the first PAN or the second PAN.
14. A computing system that communicates on a first personal area network (PAN) and a second personal area network (PAN), the system comprising:
an input interface configured to receive input data;
a controller configured to control processing of the received input data; and
a multi-PAN transceiver that communicates with the controller, wherein the multi-PAN transceiver comprises a first receiver configured to receive data on the first PAN, a second receiver configured to receive data on the second PAN, and a shared transmitter that switchably transmits on either of the first PAN and the second PAN.
15. The computing system of claim 14 wherein the shared transmitter is configured to transmit only when both the first PAN and the second PAN are otherwise inactive.
16. The computing system of claim 14 wherein the controller and the multi-PAN transceiver are formed on a common semiconducting substrate.
17. The computing system of claim 14 wherein the controller, the multi-PAN transceiver and a display interface are formed on the common semiconducting substrate.
18. The computing system of claim 14 wherein the first PAN and the second PAN are both ZIGBEE PANs.
19. The computing system of claim 14 wherein the computing system is a television receiver, the input interface is a television receiver interface, and the display interface is an interface to a television.
20. The computing system of claim 19 wherein the first PAN is a ZIGBEE RF4CE PAN that supports communications between the television receiver and a wireless remote control, and wherein the second PAN is a ZIGBEE Home Automation PAN that supports communications between the television receiver and a plurality of home appliances.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A SPR biosensor chip for simultaneously detecting diabetes related immunological makers in a serum sample to diagnose andor early diagnose diabetes as well as to predict the onset risk of diabetes in first-degree relatives, prepared by forming a linking layer on the surface of a metal film on a glass chip and immobilizing of one or more diabetes detection related antigens or antibodies on the surface of the linking layer, wherein said metal film is treated with dextran using 2-(2-Aminoethoxy)ethanol (AEE) as a crosslinking agent and multiple bromoacetic acid reactions and wherein said diabetes detection related antibodies are antibodies related to C-peptide and said diabetes related antigen is a member selected from the group consisting of antigens for ICA, GAD Ab, and IAA.
2. A SPR biosensor chip according to claim 1, wherein the linking layer is prepared by preparing a mixed SAM of long-chain alkanethiols which can bind with biomolecules through its suitable reactive groups on one side and react with said gold film through a gold-complexing thiol on the other side, modifying and activating the mixed SAMs.
3. A SPR biosensor chip according to claim 2, wherein said mixed SAMs is prepared by one of the following: (1) coadsorption from solutions containing mixtures of alkanethiols (HS(CH2)nR+HS(CH2)nR\u2032), (2) adsorption of asymmetric dialkyl disulfides (R(CH2)mS\u2014S(CH2)nR\u2014), and (3) adsorption of asymmetric dialkylsulfides (R(CH2)mS(CH2)nR\u2032), wherein n and m are the number of methylene units which is an integer from 3 to 21) and R represents the end group of the alkyl chain (\u2014CH3, \u2014OH, \u2014COOH, NH2) active for covalently binding ligands or biocompatible substance.
4. A SPR biosensor chip according to claim 2, wherein said modifying and activating the mixed SAMs is accomplished by an epoxy activation method to couple a polysaccharide or a swellable organic polymer comprising coupling 2-(2-Aminoethoxy)ethanol (AEE) to carboxyl-functionalized SAM using peptide coupling reagents (N-hydroxysuccinimideN-Ethyl-N\u2032-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide (EDCNHS)), and reacting with epichlorohydrin to produce epoxy-functionalized surfaces, which subsequently being reacted with hydroxyl moieties of the polysaccharide or organic polymer, the resulting polysaccharide chains are subsequently being carboxylated through treatment with bromoacetic acid multiple times.
5. A SPR biosensor chip according to claim 1, wherein said metal is copper, silver, aluminum or gold.
6. A method for simultaneously detecting diabetes related immunological makers in a serum sample to diagnose or early diagnose diabetes as well as to predict the onset risk of diabetes in first-degree relatives, comprising the steps of:
1) preparing a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) system comprising:
a) a SPR biosensor chip according to claim 1;
b) a spectrophotometric means for receiving a first signal and a second signal from said surface, said second signal being received at a time after binding of said antibodies and the respective antigens on said surface; and
c) means for calculating and comparing properties of said first received signal and said second received signal to determine the presence of said diabetes related immunological makers;
2) contacting a serum sample to be tested with said biosensor surface and spectrophotometrically receiving said first signal and said second signal; and
3) calculating and comparing differences to signals received from a standard curve of serum containing said diabetes related immunological makers to determine the presence and quantity of said diabetes related immunological makers, which can be used to diagnose andor early diagnose diabetes as well as to predict the onset risk of diabetes in first-degree relatives.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the linking layer is prepared by preparing a mixed SAM of long-chain alkanethiols which can bind with biomolecules through its suitable reactive groups on one side and react with said gold film through a gold-complexing thiol on the other side, modifying and activating the mixed SAMs.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein said mixed SAMs is prepared by one of the following: (1) coadsorption from solutions containing mixtures of alkanethiols (HS(CH2)nR+HS(CH2)nR\u2032), (2) adsorption of asymmetric dialkyl disulfides (R(CH2)mS\u2014S(CH2)nR\u2032), and (3) adsorption of asymmetric dialkylsulfides (R(CH2)mS(CH2)nR\u2032), wherein n and m are the number of methylene units which is an integer from 3 to 21) and R represents the end group of the alkyl chain (\u2014CH3, \u2014OH, \u2014COOH, NH2) active for covalently binding ligands or biocompatible substance.
9. The method according to claim 7, wherein said modifying and activating the mixed SAMs is accomplished by an epoxy activation method to couple a polysaccharide or a swellable organic polymer comprising coupling 2-(2-Aminoethoxy)ethanol (AEE) to carboxyl-functionalized SAM using peptide coupling reagents (N-hydroxysuccinimideN-Ethyl-N\u2032-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide (EDCNHS)), and reacting with epichlorohydrin to produce epoxy-functionalized surfaces, which subsequently being reacted with hydroxyl moieties of the polysaccharide or organic polymer, the resulting polysaccharide chains are subsequently being carboxylated through treatment with bromoacetic acid multiple times.
10. The method according to claim 6, wherein said metal is copper, silver, aluminum or gold.