1. A method of delivering an implantable substrate to a surgical area comprising:
providing a first container defining a chamber having a substrate therein and a sealing device;
maintaining a negative pressure within the chamber by housing the first container in a second container;
engaging the sealing device with a reconstituting delivery device; and
delivering a reconstituting liquid into the first container while preventing the introduction of significant amounts of gasses into the first container.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
removing the first container from the second container; and
opening the sealing device.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein opening the sealing device includes removing a membrane from the first container.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the sealing device includes a valve for drawing the negative pressure on the chamber.
5. The method of claim 2, wherein opening the sealing device includes opening a valve.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the sealing device is a gas permeable membrane.
7. The method of claim 1, further comprising inserting a plunger into the first container.
8. The method of claim 1, further comprising removing the substrate from the first container.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein a plunger seal is interposed between the sealing device and the substrate within the first container.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the first container defines at least a part of a pressure boundary and the pressure boundary is adapted to maintain the negative pressure.
11. The method of claim 9, wherein the sealing device defines at least a part of the pressure boundary.
12. The method of claim 1, wherein engaging the sealing device with the reconstituting delivery device includes piercing the sealing device.
13. The method of claim 1, wherein engaging the sealing device with the reconstituting delivery device includes coupling the sealing device with leur fitting.
14. The method of claim 1, wherein delivering the reconstituting liquid includes injecting the reconstituting liquid into the first container through a leur fitting.
15. The method of claim 1, wherein delivering the reconstituting liquid includes injecting the reconstituting liquid into the first container through a hypodermic needle.
16. The method of claim 1, wherein the second container is a sealed bag.
17. The method of claim 1, wherein the second container is a glass jar.
18. A method of hydrating an implantable substrate for delivery to a surgical area comprising:
providing a first container defining a chamber having a substrate therein and a sealing device;
maintaining a negative pressure within the chamber by housing the first container in a second container;
engaging the sealing device with a reconstituting delivery device containing a reconstituting liquid; and
drawing the reconstituting liquid into the first container to cause a localized pressure increase across the substrate; and
instantaneously reconstituting the substrate by delivering the reconstituting liquid into the first container where there is a pressure differential across the substrate while preventing the introduction of significant amounts of gasses into the first container.
19. The method of claim 18, wherein engaging the sealing device with the reconstituting delivery device includes coupling the sealing device with a leur fitting.
20. The method of claim 18, wherein the sealing device includes a valve for drawing a negative pressure on the chamber to pressurize the substrate.
21. The method of claim 18, wherein the sealing device defines at least part of the first container.
22. The method of claim 18, wherein engaging the sealing device with the reconstituting delivery device includes piercing the sealing device.
23. A method of hydrating an implantable substrate for delivery to a surgical area comprising:
providing a first container defining a chamber having an allograft therein and a sealing device defining at least part of the first container;
maintaining a negative pressure within the chamber by housing the first container in a second container;
engaging the sealing device with a reconstituting delivery device containing a reconstituting liquid comprising a platelet concentrate;
delivering the reconstituting liquid into the first container while preventing the introduction of significant amounts of gasses into the first container;
removing the first container from the second container and opening the sealing device;
removing the substrate from the first container; and
depositing the substrate at the surgical area.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. An autostereoscopic display apparatus comprising:
a spatial light modulator including an array of pixels arranged with a repeating unit of pixels, each pixel having plural domains; and
a parallax element including an array of optical elements arranged over the spatial light modulator to direct light from pixels into different viewing windows, the optical elements having geometric axes in parallel with each other and across the spatial light modulator in a direction inclined at an angle with respect to a column direction,
wherein the domains are shaped such that, for each individual domain, a notional line parallel to the geometric axes of the optical elements has a total length of intersection with the individual domain, summed over pixels of a same color which are along the notional line, and wherein said total length is the same for all positions of the notional line, said total length of intersection for different domains being proportional to the area of the individual domains.
2. An autostereoscopic display apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the domains include at least one domain having parallel sides extending, along at least a portion of the at least one domain, at a first non-zero angle with respect to the geometric axes.
3. An autostereoscopic display apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said at least one domain has end facets extending between said two parallel sides also at a second non-zero angle to the geometric axes.
4. An autostereoscopic display apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the domains include:
a first group of domains having parallel sides extending along at least a portion of the first group of domains at a first angle \u03b81 to the geometric axes; and
a second group of domains having parallel sides extending along at least a portion of the second group of domains at a second angle \u03b82 to the geometric axes, wherein one of the first group of domains has the same area as that of one of the second group of domains.
5. An autostereoscopic display apparatus according to claim 4, wherein
the first group of domains includes domains of different areas, the ratios of distance between the two parallel sides of the respective domains of the first group being proportional to the ratios of the areas of the respective domains, and
the second group of domains includes domains of different areas, the ratios of distance between the two parallel sides of the respective domains of the second group being proportional to the ratios of the areas of the respective domains.
6. An autostereoscopic display apparatus according to claim 5, wherein:
the first group of domains include:
main domains having the same area; and
sub domains having the same area, wherein the area of the main domains is less than the area of the sub domains; and
the second group of domains include:
main domains having the same area as the main domains of the first group of domains; and
sub domains having the same area as the sub domains of the first group of domains.
7. An autostereoscopic display apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the ratio of the area of the main domains to the sub domains is in the range from 7:3 to 1:1.
8. An autostereoscopic display apparatus according to claim 4, wherein
the second angle \u03b82 is different from the first angle \u03b81.
9. An autostereoscopic display apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the first angle \u03b81 and the second angle \u03b82 are of equal magnitude but opposite sign.
10. An autostereoscopic display apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the domains of the first group are arranged adjacent each other and the domains of the second group are arranged adjacent each other.
11. An autostereoscopic display apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the center of area of the first group of domains and the center of area of the second group of domains are offset relative to each other along a row direction.
12. An autostereoscopic display apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the centers of area of the first group of domains and the second group of domains are aligned along said notional line parallel to the geometric axes of the optical elements of the parallax element.
13. An autostereoscopic display apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the domains include a pair of domains shaped such that, for a single row of pixels, said notional line parallel to the geometric axes of the optical elements of the parallax element has a total length of intersection with the pair of domains which is the same for all positions of the notional line, the pair of domains in pixels of the same color which are adjacent along the notional line having shapes which alternate so that said total length of intersection with an individual domain is the same for all positions of the notional line when summed over pixels of the same color which are adjacent along the notional line.
14. An autostereoscopic display apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the spatial light modulator is a liquid crystal spatial light modulator in which the domains are domains of liquid crystal material.
15. An autostereoscopic display apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the domains have different alignments which in combination reduce the degree of contrast variation of the pixels.
16. An autostereoscopic display apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the domains have different polar alignments, the liquid crystal material is vertically aligned liquid crystal material or in-plane switching liquid crystal material, the parallax element is a lenticular array, and the optical elements are cylindrical lenses.
17. An autostereoscopic display apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the geometric axes of the optical elements are inclined at an angle such that displacement of the geometric axes in a row direction by the pitch of the pixels in the row direction occurs within the pitch of the pixels in a column direction multiplied by a non-zero integer, and the column direction is perpendicular to the row direction.
18. An autostereoscopic display apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the geometric axes of the optical elements are inclined with respect to a column direction at an angle equal to arctan(pr(pc\xb7n)), where pr is the pitch of the pixels in the row direction, pc is the pitch of the pixels in the column direction, and n is a non-zero integer.
19. An autostereoscopic display apparatus according to claim 18, wherein the column direction of the repeating unit of pixels is in the vertical direction of the display apparatus and the geometric axes of the optical elements are inclined with respect to the vertical direction of the display apparatus.
20. An autostereoscopic display apparatus according to claim 19, wherein the column direction of the repeating unit of pixels is inclined with respect to the vertical direction of the display apparatus and the geometric axes of the optical elements extend in the vertical direction of the display apparatus.