1. An ergonomic handle comprising a longitudinally extended body provided on its outer surface with four, substantially concave indentations that include a first concave indentation provided along a top surface of said body, which first concave indentation extends and merges into an elevated ridge surface support that is proximally positioned relative to the first concave indentation, second and third indentations being provided along lateral surfaces of the body, and a fourth indentation being provided along the bottom surface of said body, and wherein the body comprises, along a longitudinal length of said body, a plurality of sequential oval cross-sections of varying width and shape and each with an oval major diameter axis extending in a top to bottom direction, and wherein said indentations are positioned relative to each other to provide a contiguous interface relative to the user’s thumb, index finger and middle finger to facilitate controlled rolling between the user’s fingers, and wherein said second and third indentations are more predominantly located on lower portions of the lateral surfaces.
2. The handle according to claim 1 wherein the four indentations are spaced about 90\xb0 apart from each other, with the second and third indentations each having an upper portion aligned with a minor axis of the cross-section and a maximum depth positioned in the lower portion of the lateral sides.
3. The handle according to claim 1 wherein said body has a central axis and said first concave indentation is cut deeper into said body towards said axis than at least one of said other indentations.
4. The handle according to claim 1 wherein said handle is a precision instrument handle configured for use with a precision instrument selected from the group consisting of ball point pen, a felt-tipped pen, a fountain pen, a pencil, a mechanical pencil, a rapidiograph, a computer stylus; a scoring instrument, an engraving tool, and a soldering device.
5. The handle according to claim 1 wherein said handle is a precision instrument handle configured for use with a precision instrument selected from the group consisting of a surgical tool, a dental tool, an electro-surgical tool and a microsurgery tool.
6. The handle according to claim 1 wherein said handle is a precision instrument handle configured for use with a precision instrument that is a scalpel.
7. The handle according to claim 1, wherein said first, top indentation is formed on a top portion of said body so as to define a top curved end portion in a vertical cross-sectional plane extending perpendicular to a central axis of said body, and said fourth, bottom indentation is formed on a bottom portion of said body so as to also define a curved end portion in the vertical cross-sectional plane.
8. The handle according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the second and third lateral indentations extends into the bottom indentation such that said at least one of said second and third lateral indentations and said bottom indentation define together a continuous middle finger reception cavity comprised of a portion of that one of the lateral indentations and a portion of the bottom indentation, and said top indentation is configured for accommodating an index finger of said user, and the other of said lateral indentations is configured for accommodating a thumb of said user.
9. The handle according to claim 1, wherein one of the lateral indentations is configured for accommodating both a portion of a middle finger and a thumb of a user, said top indentation being configured for accommodating a further portion of said middle finger of said user, the other of said lateral indentations being configured for accommodating an index finger of said user and said bottom indentation being configured for accommodating said thumb of said user.
10. The handle according to claim 1, wherein one of the second and third lateral indentations is configured for accommodating a portion of a thumb of a user, said top indentation being configured for accommodating a portion of a middle finger and a further portion of said thumb of said user, the other of said lateral indentations being configured for accommodating a further portion of said middle finger of said user and said bottom indentation being configured for accommodating an index finger of said user.
11. The handle according to claim 1, wherein one of the second and third lateral indentations is configured for accommodating an index finger of a user, said top indentation being configured for accommodating a portion of a thumb of said user, the other of said lateral indentations being configured for accommodating a portion of a middle finger and a portion of said thumb of said user, and said bottom indentation being configured for accommodating a further portion of said middle finger of said user.
12. The handle according to claim 1, wherein said top indentation has a maximum depth of 2.0 mm below a surface of the body, said lateral indentations have a maximum depth of 1.0 mm below a surface of the body, and said bottom indentation has a maximum depth of about 0.3 mm below a surface of the body.
13. The handle according to claim 1, wherein said top indentation is concave and extends from a distal end of said body toward a proximal end of said body, and wherein said elevated ridge surface support has a proximal side tapering angularly down towards said proximal end of said handle.
14. The handle according to claim 1, wherein the interface between an upper end of one of the second and third indentations and the top indentation is contiguous across a lateral side, longitudinally extending ridge region representing a maximum outer surface of the lateral side.
15. The handle according to claim 1, wherein a distance between opposing, interior-most surfaces of said first and fourth concave indentations is greater than a lateral spacing distance of said second and third lateral surfaces at a common axial location on said body.
16. The handle according to claim 1, wherein, on opposing sides of a horizontal cross-section plane extending through the lateral second and third sides and along a longitudinal central axis of extension of said body, there is defined a non-symmetrical relationship in the oval cross-section positioned at the maximum depth of the first concave indentation.
17. An ergonomic handle comprising a longitudinally extended body provided on its outer surface with four, substantially concave indentations that include a first concave indentation being provided along a top surface of said body, which first concave indentation extends and merges into an elevated ridge surface support, second and third indentations being provided along lateral surfaces, and a fourth indentation being provided along the bottom surface of said body, and wherein a distance between opposing, interior-most surfaces of said first and fourth concave indentations is greater than a lateral spacing distance of said second and third lateral surfaces at a common axial location on said body, and wherein said body comprises a plurality of sequential oval cross-section of varying width and shape, and wherein said indentations are positioned relative to each other to provide a contiguous interface relative to the user’s thumb, index finger and middle finger to facilitate controlled rolling between the user’s fingers, and wherein said second and third indentations each have a maximum depth positioned in a respective lower half of the lateral sides.
18. The handle according to claim 17, wherein, on opposing sides of a horizontal cross-section plane extending through the lateral second and third sides and along a longitudinal central axis of extension of said body, there is defined a non-symmetrical relationship in the oval cross-section positioned at the maximum depth of the first concave indentation.
19. A handle comprising a longitudinally extended body provided on its outer surface with four, substantially concave indentations that include a first concave indentation being provided along a top surface of said body, which first concave indentation extends and merges into an elevated ridge surface support, second and third indentations being provided along lateral surfaces, and a fourth indentation being provided along the bottom surface of said body, and wherein, on opposing sides of a horizontal cross-section plane extending through the lateral second and third surfaces and along a longitudinal central axis of extension of said body, there is defined a non-symmetrical relationship in the oval cross-section positioned at the maximum depth of the first concave indentation; and
wherein said body comprises in sequence along the longitudinal axis of extension, a plurality of oval cross-sections of varying width and shape, and wherein said indentations are positioned relative to each other to provide a contiguous interface relative to the user’s thumb, index finger and middle finger to facilitate controlled rolling between the user’s fingers, and
wherein, relative to the oval cross-section positioned at the maximum depth of the first concave indentation, the bottom side of the oval cross-section converges inward more than the top side.
20. The handle according to claim 19, wherein the second and third indentations are positioned predominately in the bottom side of the oval cross section positioned at the maximum depth of the first concave indentation and converge with the bottom indentation such that there is provided a common, extended middle finger reception region comprising a portion of one of said second and third indentations and a portion of the fourth indentation and a thumb reception region comprising the other of said second and third indentations and another portion of the fourth indentation.
21. The handle according to claim 19, wherein lateral side portions defining the second and third indentations, in the oval cross-section positioned at the maximum depth of the first concave indentation, converge downwardly toward one another to merge with the bottom indentation and to also, together, define a continuous bottom curve within the oval cross-section at the maximum depth of the first concave indentation.
22. The handle according to claim 21, wherein the interface between an upper end of one of the second and third indentations and the top indentation is contiguous across a lateral side, longitudinally extending ridge region representing a maximum outer surface of the lateral side.
23. The handle according to claim 17, wherein lateral side portions defining the second and third indentations, in the oval cross-section positioned at the maximum depth of the first concave indentation, converge downwardly toward one another to merge with the bottom indentation and to also, together, define a continuous bottom curve within the oval cross-section at the maximum depth of the first concave indentation.
24. The handle according to claim 23, wherein the interface between an upper end of one of the second and third indentations and the top indentation is contiguous across a lateral side, longitudinally extending ridge region representing a maximum outer surface of the lateral side.
25. An instrument comprising the handle of claim 19 and a tool device extending out away from a proximal end of said handle.
26. The instrument of claim 25, wherein the tool device includes a detachable tool member supported by said handle.
27. The instrument of claim 26, wherein said detachable tool member is a blade.
28. The instrument of claim 27, wherein the blade is a scalpel blade.
29. An instrument comprising the handle of claim 1, wherein said tool device includes a shank, and a tool member supported by said shank.
30. The instrument of claim 25, wherein the instrument is a precision instrument selected from the group consisting of a ball point pen, a felt-tipped pen, a fountain pen, a pencil, a mechanical pencil, a rapidiograph, a computer stylus; a scoring instrument, an engraving tool, and a soldering device.
31. The instrument of claim 25, wherein the instrument is a precision instrument selected from the group consisting of a surgical tool, a dental tool, an electro-surgical tool and a microsurgery tool.
32. The instrument of claim 25, wherein only the proximal end of the handle has a tool device extending from the handle.
33. The handle according to claim 19, wherein the oval cross-section, positioned at the maximum depth of the first concave indentation, is positioned closer to a proximal end to the body than a distal end of the body.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
What is claimed is:
1. A digital switching amplifier in which a first signal and a second signal that is obtained by inverting the first signal are subjected to delta sigma modulation by a delta sigma modulation circuit so as to generate 1-bit signals, respectively, and the 1-bit signals are subjected to power amplification, the first and second signals forming a differential input signal, comprising:
attenuation sections that attenuate the respective 1-bit signals that have been subjected to the power amplification; and
an offset voltage addition and adjustment section that adds adjustment voltages to output signals of the respective attenuation sections so that a D.C. voltage level difference between negative feedback signals which return to the delta sigma modulation circuit becomes substantially zero.
2. The digital switching amplifier as set forth in claim 1, wherein the offset voltage addition and adjustment section is provided between the attenuation sections and the delta sigma modulation circuit, and includes:
first and second resistors, one ends of the respective first and second resistors being connected with the delta sigma modulation circuit and each of other ends being connected with the respective attenuation sections; and
a rheostat, provided between the one ends of the respective first and second resistors, having a movable terminal through which a predetermined analog voltage or a ground level is applied.
3. A digital switching amplifier in which a first signal and a second signal that is obtained by inverting the first signal are subjected to delta sigma modulation by a delta sigma modulation circuit so as to generate 1-bit signals, respectively, and the 1-bit signals are subjected to power amplification, the first and second signals forming a differential input signal, comprising:
an offset voltage addition and adjustment section that adds adjustment voltages to the 1-bit signals that have been subjected to the power amplification so that a D.C. voltage level difference between negative feedback signals which return to the delta sigma modulation circuit becomes substantially zero; and
attenuation sections that attenuate the respective output signals of the offset voltage addition and adjustment section so as to obtain the negative feedback signals.
4. The digital switching amplifier as set forth in claim 1, wherein the offset voltage addition and adjustment section includes:
first and second resistors, one ends of the respective first and second resistors being connected with the attenuation sections, respectively, and each of other ends being connected with the respective 1-bit signals that have been subjected to the power amplification; and
a rheostat, provided between the one ends of the respective first and second resistors, having a movable terminal through which a predetermined analog voltage or a ground level is applied.
5. A digital switching amplification method, comprising the steps of:
generating first and second quantization signals by conducting delta sigma modulation with respect to first and second signals whose polarities are different from each other so as to amplify a differential signal constituted by a pair of the first and second signals;
switching constant voltages supplied from respective constant voltage power sources in accordance with the first and second quantization signals so as to amplify the first and second quantization signals;
conducting the delta sigma modulation with respect to the first and second quantization signals thus amplified by respective negative feedbacks; and
conducting addition and adjustment of a D.C. offset voltage between the first and second quantization signals so that a D.C. voltage level difference between the first and second quantization signals thus amplified becomes substantially zero.
6. The digital switching amplification method as set forth in claim 5, wherein the addition and adjustment is carried out with respect to the offset voltage within a range between an analog power source and the first and second quantization signals thus amplified, respectively.
7. The digital switching amplification method as set forth in claim 5, wherein the addition and adjustment is carried out with respect to the offset voltage within a range between a ground level and the first and second quantization signals thus amplified, respectively.