1. A system for dehumidification in air conditioners comprising an expansion stage, a condenser and comprising a water separator disposed upstream of the expansion stage,
characterised in that
the condenser is formed by a heat exchanger (RAM heat exchanger) (RAM CON) cooled by ambient air or stagnation air or another fluid, with the exception of process air, to which the compressed air to be dehumidified is supplied.
2. A system in accordance with claim 1, wherein a compressor stage is provided which is disposed upstream of the RAM heat exchanger (RAM CON) on the compressed air side.
3. A system in accordance with either of claims 1 or 2, wherein the compressed air is made available by a compressor stage which is acted upon by pre-compressed air or by ambient air or stagnation air or by cabin air and compresses this air.
4. A system in accordance with any of claims 1 to 3, wherein a primary heat exchanger (PHX) is disposed upstream of the RAM heat exchanger (RAM CON) on the compressed air side.
5. A system in accordance with claim 4, wherein the RAM heat exchanger (RAM CON) and the primary heat exchanger (PHX) are arranged in the stagnation air channel such that the primary heat exchanger (PHX) serial or parallel to the RAM heat exchanger (RAM CON) is acted upon by ambient air or stagnation air.
6. A system in accordance with claim 4, wherein the RAM heat exchanger (RAM CON) and the primary heat exchanger (PHX) are arranged in the stagnation air channel such that the primary heat exchanger (PHX) partly serially partly parallel to the RAM heat exchanger (RAM CON) is acted upon by ambient air or stagnation air.
7. A system in accordance with claim 6, wherein the RAM heat exchanger (RAM CON) has no cooling fins on the stagnation air side in the discharge region on the compressed air side.
8. A system in accordance with any of claims 1 to 7, wherein the RAM heat exchanger (RAM CON) is designed as a cross flower a double cross flower, a cross counter flower andor a double parallel cross flower.
9. A system in accordance with any of claims 1 to 8, wherein means are provided through which the cabin air can be fed to the RAM heat exchanger (RAM CON) as cooling air.
10. A system in accordance with claim 9, wherein the mixing in of the cabin air on the stagnation air side takes place in the discharge region of the RAM heat exchanger (RAM CON) on the compressed air side.
11. A system in accordance with any of claims 1 to 10, wherein an expansion turbine is provided for the expansion of cabin vitiated air and wherein means are provided through which the expanded cabin air can be fed to the RAM heat exchanger (RAM CON) as cooling air.
12. A system in accordance with claim 11, wherein the RAM heat exchanger (RAM CON) is divided into two and wherein the heat exchanger region facing the outlet side on the compressed air side is acted upon by the expanded air.
13. A system in accordance with any of claims 1 to 12, wherein the RAM heat exchanger (RAM CON) is divided into two and wherein the heat exchanger region facing the outlet side on the compressed air side is acted upon by air or another fluid whose temperature is under the ambient air temperature or stagnation air temperature.
14. A system in accordance with any of claims 1 to 13, wherein means are provided by means of which water can be sprayed into the cooling air flow of the RAM heat exchanger (RAM CON), with the water being water occurring in the water separator (WE) andor water made additionally available.
15. A system in accordance with claim 14, wherein the water is preferably sprayed in on the stagnation air side in the discharge region of the RAM heat exchanger (RAM CON) on the compressed air side.
16. A system in accordance with either of claims 14 or 15, wherein the water is sprayed in both in the ambient air flow or the stagnation air flow and in the air flow in accordance with any of claims 9 to 13.
17. A system in accordance with any of claims 1 to 16, wherein a reheater (REH, R, RE) is provided which is disposed upstream of the expansion stage and which is acted upon by warm air to evaporate residual water in the air fed to the expansion stage.
18. A system in accordance with claim 17, wherein the reheater (REH, R) is in communication on its hot air side with the compressed air inlet of the RAM heat exchanger (RAM CON, RAM) on the inlet side and with the inlet of a compressor (C) disposed on the compressed air side upstream of the RA heat exchanger (RAM CON, RAM) on the outlet side.
19. A system in accordance with claim 17, wherein the reheater (REH, R) is in communication on its hot air side with the inlet side of a restrictor disposed upstream of the compressed air inlet of the RAM heat exchanger (RAM CON, RAM) on the inlet side and with the inlet of the heat exchanger (RAM CON, RAM) on the outlet side.
20. A system in accordance with claim 17, wherein the reheater (REH) is in communication on its hot air side with the inlet of a heat exchanger (PHX), which is disposed upstream of a compressor (C) disposed upstream of the RAM heat exchanger (RAM CON, RAM) on the inlet side and with the inlet of the compressor (C) on the outlet side.
21. A system in accordance with claim 17, wherein the reheater (REH, R) is in communication on its hot air side with the inlet of a restrictor disposed upstream of a compressor (C) on the inlet side and with the inlet of the compressor (C) on the outlet side.
22. A system in accordance with claim 17, wherein the reheater (REH) is in communication on its hot air side with the installation space of the air conditioner on the inlet side and with the discharge of the RAM heat exchanger (RAM CON, RAM) on the stagnation air side or of another heat exchanger on the outlet side.
23. A system in accordance with any of claims 1 to 22, wherein a fan is provided in the stagnation air channel which is in communication with the expansion and compressor stage.
24. A system in accordance with any of claims 1 to 22, wherein a fan is provided in the stagnation air channel which is not in communication with the expansion and compressor stage and which is equipped with its own drive.
25. A system in accordance with claim 24, wherein the fan is driven by a separate motor (M) andor a turbine.
26. A system in accordance with either of claims 24 or 25, wherein the fan is driven by a separator motor (M) andor a turbine and is connected on the drive side by a shaft to an additional compressor disposed upstream of the RAM heat exchanger (RAM CON).
27. A system in accordance with any of claims 1 to 26, wherein the water separator (WE) is integrated in the discharge of the RAM heat exchanger (RAM CON) on the compressed air side such that both components form a unit.
28. A system in accordance with any of claims 1 to 26, wherein the water separator (WE) is disposed downstream of the RAM heat exchanger (RAM CON) on the compressed air side and forms a separate component.
29. A system in accordance with any of claims 1 to 28, wherein two or more expansion stages switched in parallel or serially are disposed downstream of the water separator (WE).
30. A system in accordance with any of claims 1 to 29, wherein a bypass which can be closed by a valve (ATV) and which bypasses the water separator (WE) is provided which is in communication with the inlet of the expansion unit.
31. A system in accordance with any of claims 17 to 30, wherein the bypass with a valve (ATV) bypasses the water separator (WE) and the reheater (REH).
32. A system in accordance with either of claims 30 or 31, wherein the bypass with a valve (ATV) connects the discharge of the RAM heat exchanger (RAM CON) on the compressed air side with the inlet of the expansion unit.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method for use in a database system, comprising:
receiving, in the database system including at least one processor, requests to be executed in the database system;
providing, in the database system, a plurality of the requests in at least one queue, the plurality of the requests including preemptive requests and timeshare requests;
calculating, in the database system, first priority indicators for assignment to corresponding ones of the preemptive requests in the at least one queue, wherein the first priority indicators are calculated based on delay times, estimated execution times, and predefined priority levels of corresponding ones of the preemptive requests;
calculating, in the database system, second priority indicators for assignment to corresponding ones of the timeshare requests, wherein the second priority indicators are calculated in a different manner from the first priority indicators and are based on delay times and predefined priority levels of corresponding ones of the timeshare requests;
executing the plurality of the requests from the at least one queue in an order according to the calculated first and second priority indicators, wherein executing the timeshare requests comprises:
selecting, based on the calculated second priority indicators, a highest priority one of the timeshare requests for execution; and
selecting another of the timeshare requests to execute with the selected highest priority timeshare request, wherein selecting the another timeshare request is based on a determination that the another timeshare request shares resources by greater than some predefined amount with the selected highest priority timeshare request;
monitoring, in the database system, progress of execution of a particular one of the plurality of the requests;
adjusting, in the database system, resource estimates for the particular request based on the monitored progress, wherein the resource estimates include estimates of usage of at least one resource in the database system; and
based on the adjusted resource estimates, adjusting, in the database system, a priority setting of the particular request to affect the execution of the particular request.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein each of the delay times includes an amount of time waiting in the at least one queue by a corresponding one of the plurality of the requests.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the first priority indicators are calculated further based on service level goals of respective ones of the preemptive requests.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the preemptive requests have higher priorities than the timeshare requests.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the timeshare requests share resources of the database system according to the predefined priority levels assigned to corresponding ones of the timeshare requests.
6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
providing the preemptive requests in a first queue;
providing the timeshare requests in a second queue.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein executing the timeshare requests and the preemptive requests comprises executing the timeshare requests using resources of the database system not used by the preemptive requests.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the resource estimates include estimates of usage of one or more of the at least one processor, an inputoutput resource, a network resource, and a memory resource.
9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
assigning the received requests to respective workload groups based on matching characteristics of the requests with workload group rules,
wherein the workload groups are associated with respective different ones of the predefined priority levels.
10. A database system comprising:
at least one processor;
at least one delay queue;
a workload management subsystem executable on the at least one processor to:
provide delayed requests in the at least one delay queue, the delayed requests including preemptive requests and timeshare requests;
calculate, based on delay times, execution times, and predefined priority levels of the respective preemptive requests, first priority indicators for corresponding ones of the preemptive requests, wherein the predefined priority levels include service level goals of corresponding ones of the preemptive requests; calculate, based on delay times and predefined priority levels of the respective timeshare requests, second priority indicators for corresponding ones of the timeshare requests, the second priority indicators calculated in a different manner from the first priority indicators;
schedule, for execution, the delayed requests in the at least one delay queue according to an order defined by the calculated first and second priority indicators, wherein scheduling of the timeshare requests comprises:
selecting, based on the second priority indicators, a highest priority one of the timeshare requests for execution; and
selecting another of the timeshare requests to execute with the selected highest priority timeshare request, wherein selecting the another timeshare request is based on a determination that the another timeshare request shares resources by greater than some predefined amount with the selected highest priority timeshare request
wherein the workload management subsystem includes a regulator to:
monitor progress of execution of a particular one of the delayed requests;
adjust resource estimates for the particular delayed request based on the monitored progress, wherein the resource estimates include estimates of usage of at least one resource in the database system; and
based on the adjusted resource estimates, adjust a priority setting of the particular delayed request to allow the particular delayed request to satisfy the corresponding service level goal.
11. The database system of claim 10, wherein the predefined priority levels for the timeshare requests include values that specify respective amounts of sharing of resources of the database system by corresponding ones of the timeshare requests.
12. The database system of claim 10, wherein the at least one delay queue includes a first delay queue to store the preemptive requests, and a second delay queue to store the timeshare requests.
13. The database system of claim 10, wherein the resource estimates include estimates of usage of one or more of the at least one processor, an inputoutput resource, a network resource, and a memory resource.
14. An article comprising at least one non-transitory machine-readable storage medium storing instructions that upon execution cause a database system having at least one processor to:
receive requests to be executed in the database system;
provide a plurality of the requests in at least one queue, the plurality of the requests including preemptive requests and timeshare requests;
calculate first priority indicators for assignment to corresponding ones of the preemptive requests in the at least one queue, wherein the first priority indicators are calculated based on delay times, execution times, and predefined priority levels of corresponding ones of the preemptive requests;
calculate second priority indicators for assignment to corresponding ones of the timeshare requests, wherein the second priority indicators are calculated in a different manner from the first priority indicators and are based on delay times and predefined priority levels of corresponding ones of the timeshare requests;
execute the plurality of the requests from the at least one queue in an order according to the calculated first and second priority indicators, wherein executing the timeshare requests comprises:
selecting, based on the calculated second priority indicators, a highest priority one of the timeshare requests for execution; and
selecting another of the timeshare requests to execute with the selected highest priority timeshare request, wherein selecting the another timeshare request is based on a determination that the another timeshare request shares resources by greater than some predefined amount with the selected highest priority timeshare request;
monitor progress of execution of a particular one of the plurality of the requests;
adjust resource estimates for the particular request based on the monitored progress, wherein the resource estimates include estimates of usage of at least one resource in the database system; and
based on the adjusted resource estimates, adjust a priority setting of the particular request to affect the execution of the particular request.
15. The article of claim 14, wherein each of the delay times includes an amount of time waiting in the at least one queue by a corresponding one of the plurality of the requests.
16. The article of claim 15, wherein the predefined priority levels include service level goals or deterministic values specifying corresponding relative sharing of database system resources.
17. The article of claim 14, wherein the resource estimates include estimates of usage of one or more of the at least one processor, an inputoutput resource, a network resource, and a memory resource.