1. A vacuum booster comprising: a booster shell; a booster piston accommodated in the booster shell to divide an interior of the booster shell into a front vacuum chamber connected to a vacuum source and a rear operating chamber; a valve cylinder slidably supported at a rear wall of the booster shell to be connected to the booster piston; an input rod movable forward and backward, an input return spring that biases the input rod in a retreat direction, and a control valve that changes over communication of the operating chamber with one of the vacuum chamber and atmosphere in accordance with forward and backward movement of the input rod, which are placed in the valve cylinder, the control valve being constituted by an atmosphere introduction valve seat that is formed on a valve piston which moves in a manner operatively connected with the forward and backward movement of the input rod, a vacuum introduction valve seat that is connected to the valve cylinder to move in a manner operatively associated with forward and backward movement of the valve cylinder, and a valve element that is biased by a spring in a direction in which it is seated on the atmosphere introduction valve seat and the vacuum introduction valve seat, cuts off communication of the operating chamber with the atmosphere and the vacuum chamber when the valve element sits on both the valve seats, allows the operating chamber to communicate with the atmosphere when the atmosphere introduction valve seat opens following the forward movement of the input rod, and allows the operating chamber to communicate with the vacuum chamber when the vacuum introduction valve seat opens following the retreat of the input rod; and a reaction force mechanism that is interposed between the valve cylinder with the input rod and an output rod that is slidably supported at the booster shell, and that transmits a combined force of a manipulation input to the input rod and a propulsive force of the booster piston by atmospheric pressure difference between the operating chamber and the vacuum chamber to the output rod,
wherein a valve piston is fitted onto an input piston of the reaction force mechanism which is connected to the input rod, so that the valve piston is capable of sliding forward from a predetermined retreat position with respect to the input piston,
wherein a set spring that biases the valve piston to the retreat position is provided between the input piston and the valve piston, and
wherein locking means is provided between the valve piston and the valve cylinder to hold the atmosphere introduction valve seat in an open state by locking the valve piston, which moves forward with the input piston, at the valve cylinder at the time of emergency braking when the input piston moves forward by a predetermined stroke or more ahead of the valve cylinder.
2. A vacuum booster comprising: a booster shell; a booster piston accommodated in the booster shell to divide an interior of the booster shell into a front vacuum chamber connected to a vacuum source and a rear operating chamber; a valve cylinder slidably supported at a rear wall of the booster shell to be connected to the booster piston; an input rod movable forward and backward, an input return spring that biases the input rod in a retreat direction, and a control valve that changes over communication of the operating chamber with one of the vacuum chamber and atmosphere in accordance with forward and backward movement of the input rod, which are placed in the valve cylinder; the control valve being constituted by an atmosphere introduction valve seat that is formed on a valve piston which moves in a manner operatively connected with the forward and backward movement of the input rod, a vacuum introduction valve seat that is connected to the valve cylinder to move in a manner operatively connected with forward and backward movement of the valve cylinder, and a valve element that is biased by a spring in a direction in which it is seated on the atmosphere introduction valve seat and the vacuum introduction valve seat, cuts off communication of the operating chamber with the atmosphere and vacuum chamber when the valve element sits on both the valve seats, allows the operating chamber to communicate with the atmosphere when the atmosphere introduction valve seat opens following the forward movement of the input rod, and allows the operating chamber to communicate with the vacuum chamber when the vacuum introduction valve seat opens following the retreat of the input rod; and a reaction force mechanism that is interposed between the valve cylinder with the input rod and an output rod that is slidably supported at the booster shell, and that transmits a combined force of a manipulation input to the input rod and a propulsive force of the booster piston by atmospheric pressure difference between the operating chamber and the vacuum chamber to the output rod; and the reaction force mechanism being constituted by an input piston connected to the input rod, an operating piston that connects to the booster piston and is placed to enclose the input piston, an output piston connected to the output rod, and an elastic reaction piston that is interposed between a rear end surface of the output piston and front end surfaces of the input piston and the operating piston,
wherein a support cylinder that is molded separately from the valve cylinder is attached to the valve cylinder,
wherein a valve piston is fitted onto the input piston which is slidably fitted to an inner periphery of the support cylinder, so that the valve piston is capable of sliding forward from a predetermined retreat position with respect to the input piston,
wherein a set spring that biases the valve piston to the retreat position is provided between the input piston and the valve piston, and
wherein locking means is provided between the support cylinder and the valve piston to hold the atmosphere introduction valve seat in an open state by looking the valve piston, which moves forward with the input piston, at the support cylinder at the time of emergency braking when the input piston moves forward by a predetermined stroke or more ahead of the valve cylinder.
3. The vacuum booster according to claim 2, wherein the valve cylinder includes a through-hole that penetrates trough a center portion of the valve cylinder and a recessed portion that opens to a front surface of the valve cylinder and connects to the through-hole via a step portion, wherein the support cylinder is placed in the through-hole, and a mounting flange formed at a front end of the support cylinder is fitted into the recessed portion, wherein the operating piston of the reaction force mechanism is constituted by a front end portion of the support cylinder having the mounting flange and an annular portion formed at the valve cylinder to enclose the recessed portion, and wherein a fitting portion of the annular portion and the support cylinder is sealed by the elastic reaction piston that is in close contact with the front end surface of the operating piston.
4. The vacuum booster according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the locking means is constituted by a locking protuberance that is formed on an outer periphery of the support cylinder connected to the valve cylinder, and elastic locking claws which are formed on the valve piston and elastically engage with the locking protuberance at the time of emergency braking.
5. The vacuum booster according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the locking means is constituted by a locking protuberance that is formed on an outer periphery of the support cylinder connected to the valve cylinder, and a locking spring attached to the support cylinder, wherein the locking spring has an elastic engaging portion that contracts in a radial direction of the support cylinder, wherein the elastic engaging portion is located behind the locking protuberance to face an inside of the valve piston through a slit formed at a side wall of the support cylinder so as not to contact an outer peripheral surface of the support cylinder, and wherein at the time of the emergency braking, the elastic engaging portion rides over the locking protuberance and engages with a front surface of the locking protuberance.
6. The vacuum booster according to claim 5, wherein the locking spring has a pair of leg portions having an elastic force to contract to contact each other, both the leg portions being located behind the locking protuberance to face an inside of the valve piston through slits that are formed at opposite side portions of the support cylinder so as not to contact an outer peripheral surface of the support cylinder, and wherein at the time of the emergency braking, both the leg portions ride over the locking protuberance and engage with a front surface of the locking protuberance.
7. The vacuum booster according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the locking means is constituted so that engagement between the valve piston and the support cylinder by the locking means is released by a retreat force by an input return spring of the input rod.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method of distinguishing between text strokes and non-text strokes in digital ink, the method comprising:
detecting a stroke in the digital ink;
generating a classification model based on at least one stroke feature of the stroke, wherein the model defines a posterior probability that the stroke is a text stroke;
labeling the stroke as a text stroke or a non-text stroke based on the posterior probability; and
detecting the at least one stroke feature of the stroke as a length-width ratio of a total least squares model fitted to the stroke in the digital ink.
2. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
detecting the at least one stroke feature of the stroke as a stroke arc length of the stroke in the digital ink.
3. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
detecting the at least one stroke feature of the stroke as a total absolute curvature of the stroke in the digital ink.
4. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
detecting the at least one stroke feature of the stroke as a direction of the stroke in the digital ink.
5. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
dividing the second stroke into fragments at points corresponding to local maxima in the curvature of the stroke; and
detecting the at least one stroke feature of the second stroke as a total number of fragments of the stroke in the digital ink.
6. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
dividing the stroke into fragments at points corresponding to local maxima in the curvature of the stroke; and
detecting the at least one stroke feature of the stroke as an arc length of the largest fragment of the stroke in the digital ink.
7. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
dividing the stroke into fragments at points corresponding to local maxima in the curvature of the stroke; and
detecting the at least one stroke feature of the stroke as a total absolute curvature of the largest fragment of the stroke in the digital ink.
8. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
dividing the stroke into fragments at points corresponding to local maxima in the curvature of the stroke; and
detecting the at least one stroke feature of the stroke as a direction of the largest fragment of the stroke in the digital ink.
9. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
dividing the stroke into fragments at points corresponding to local maxima in the curvature of the stroke; and
detecting the at least one stroke feature of the stroke as a length of the long size of a rectangle bounding the largest fragment of the stroke in the digital ink.
10. A computer readable medium encoded with a computer program for distinguishing between text strokes and non-text strokes in digital ink, the computer process comprising:
detecting a stroke in the digital ink;
generating a classification model based on at least one stroke feature of the stroke, wherein the model defines a posterior probability that the stroke is a text stroke;
labeling the stroke as a text stroke or a non-text stroke based on the posterior probability;
dividing the stroke into fragments at points corresponding to local maxima in the curvature of the stroke; and
detecting the at least one stroke feature of the stroke as a total absolute curvature of the largest fragment of the stroke in the digital ink.
11. The computer readable medium of claim 10 wherein the computer process further comprises:
detecting the at least one stroke feature of the stroke as a stroke arc length of the stroke in the digital ink.
12. The computer readable medium of claim 10 wherein the computer process further comprises:
detecting the at least one stroke feature of the stroke as a total absolute curvature of the stroke in the digital ink.
13. The computer readable medium of claim 10 wherein the computer process further comprises:
detecting the at least one stroke feature of the stroke as a direction of the stroke in the digital ink.
14. The computer readable medium of claim 10 wherein the computer process further comprises:
detecting the at least one stroke feature of the stroke as a length-width ratio of a total least squares model fitted to the stroke in the digital ink.
15. The computer readable medium of claim 10 wherein the computer process further comprises:
dividing the stroke into fragments at points corresponding to local maxima in the curvature of the stroke; and
detecting the at least one stroke feature of the stroke as a total number of fragments of the stroke in the digital ink.
16. The computer readable medium of claim 10 wherein the computer process further comprises:
dividing the stroke into fragments at points corresponding to local maxima in the curvature of the stroke; and
detecting the at least one stroke feature of the stroke as an arc length of the largest fragment of the stroke in the digital ink.
17. The computer readable medium of claim 10 wherein the computer process further comprises:
dividing the stroke into fragments at points corresponding to local maxima in the curvature of the stroke; and
detecting the at least one stroke feature of the stroke as a direction of the largest fragment of the stroke in the digital ink.
18. The computer program product of claim 10 wherein the computer process further comprises:
dividing the stroke into fragments at points corresponding to local maxima in the curvature of the second stroke; and
detecting the at least one stroke feature of the stroke as a length of the long size of a rectangle bounding the largest fragment of the stroke in the digital ink.
19. A system for distinguishing between text strokes and non-text strokes in digital ink, the system comprising:
a stroke feature extractor module that detects a stroke in the digital ink; and
a stroke classifier module that generates a classification model based on at least one stroke feature of the stroke, wherein the model defines a posterior probability that the stroke is a text stroke, and labels the stroke as a text stroke or a non-text stroke based on the posterior probability, the stroke feature extractor module being configured to divide the stroke into fragments at points corresponding to local maxima in the curvature of the stroke and detect the at least one stroke feature of the stroke as a total absolute curvature of the largest fragment of the stroke in the digital ink.
20. A method of distinguishing between text strokes and non-text strokes in digital ink, the method comprising:
detecting a stroke in the digital ink;
generating a classification model based on at least one stroke feature of the stroke, wherein the model defines a posterior probability that the stroke is a text stroke;
labeling the stroke as a text stroke or a non-text stroke based on the posterior probability;
dividing the stroke into fragments at points corresponding to local maxima in the curvature of the stroke; and
detecting the at least one stroke feature of the stroke as a total absolute curvature of the largest fragment of the stroke in the digital ink.
21. A computer readable medium encoded with a computer program for distinguishing between text strokes and non-text strokes in digital ink, the computer process comprising:
detecting a stroke in the digital ink;
generating a classification model based on at least one stroke feature of the stroke, wherein the model defines a posterior probability that the stroke is a text stroke;
labeling the stroke as a text stroke or a non-text stroke based on the posterior probability; and
detecting the at least one stroke feature of the stroke as a length-width ratio of a total least squares model fitted to the stroke in the digital ink.
22. A system for distinguishing between text strokes and non-text strokes in digital ink, the system comprising:
a stroke feature extractor module that detects a stroke in the digital ink; and
a stroke classifier module that generates a classification model based on at least one stroke feature of the stroke, wherein the model defines a posterior probability that the stroke is a text stroke, and labels the stroke as a text stroke or a non-text stroke based on the posterior probability, the stroke feature extractor module being configured to detect the at least one stroke feature of the stroke as a length-width ratio of a total least squares model fitted to the stroke in the digital ink.