1. A focusing device for volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds in the gaseous phase, comprising a support structure (2), a container (12) for said organic compounds, a cooling element (18) for their concentration and a heating element (16) for their transfer to the analysis system, characterised in that said cooling element (18) and said heating element (16) are positioned in two separate regions of said support structure (2) and form a single block (14) movable relative to said container (12).
2. A device as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the structure (2) comprises guide means (4) for a block (14) movable between two end positions, at which said cooling element (18) and, respectively, said heating element (16) face said container (12).
3. A device as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the structure (2) comprises a plurality of parallel columns (4) supported at their ends by two plate elements (6, 6), said block (14) being associated with means for its movement in the two directions along said columns (4).
4. A device as claimed in claim 3, characterised in that said plate elements (6, 6) support, by means of connectors (8, 8), a tubular element (10), the central portion (12) of which forms the container (12) for said organic compounds.
5. A device as claimed in claim 4, characterised in that said heating element (16) and said cooling element (18) are shaped such as to enclose said tubular element (10).
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A shear-assisted extrusion system for production of an extrusion structure, the system comprises:
a shear tool configured to simultaneously apply a rotational shearing force and an axial extrusion force to the face of a billet material at the shear toolbillet interface that plastically deforms the billet material, the shear tool includes an extrusion die with an orifice having a selected shape that extrudes the plasticized billet material that forms the extrusion structure with a selected shape at an axial extrusion force less than that required for extrusions performed absent the rotational shearing force.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the extrusion die is configured to extrude the plasticized billet material along the length of an inner bore of the shear tool in response to the axial extrusion pressure applied to the face of the billet material.
3. The system of claim 1, further includes a mandrel configured to insert a selected depth into the inner bore of the shear tool during extrusion that allows plasticized material to flow past the mandrel along the length of the inner bore that yields a hollow extrusion structure.
4. The system of claim 3, wherein the mandrel is a fixed mandrel or a floating mandrel, or the extrusion die is a bridge die.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein the shear tool includes at least one surface feature disposed at an end thereof configured to engage the face of the billet during extrusion operation.
6. The system of claim 1, further includes a heating or a cooling device disposed to heat or cool the billet material.
7. The system of claim 1, wherein the system is configured to apply the shearing force at the shear toolbillet interface by rotation of the shear tool relative to a stationary billet, by rotation of the billet relative to a stationary shear tool, andor by rotation of the shear tool at a rotation speed that is different relative to the rotation of the billet or vice versa.
8. A shear-assisted extrusion process for production of an extrusion structure or product, the process comprising the steps of:
applying a rotational shearing force and an axial extrusion force to the face of the billet material with a shear tool at the shear toolbillet interface at a selected rotation speed to plastically deform the billet material; and
extruding the plasticized material through an orifice of an extrusion die of the shear tool that includes a selected shape to form the extrusion structure or product with a selected shape at an axial extrusion force less than that required for extrusions performed absent the rotational shearing force.
9. The process of claim 8, wherein the plasticized billet material extrudes along the length of the inner bore of the shear tool in response to the axial extrusion pressure applied to the face of the billet material.
10. The process of claim 8, further including introducing a mandrel into the inner bore of the ram tool to a selected depth such that the plasticized material extrudes through the orifice of the extrusion die past the mandrel along the length of the inner bore of the shear tool producing a hollow extrusion structure with a selected shape.
11. The process of claim 10, wherein the extrusion is performed with a fixed mandrel or a floating mandrel, or the extrusion is performed with a stationary bridge die.
12. The process of claim 8, wherein applying the rotational shear force includes engaging the billet material with the shear tool that includes a feature disposed at the end thereof.
13. The process of claim 8, wherein the extrusion structure includes a uniform inner wall thickness, a uniform inner dimension, and a selected shape; or a non-uniform inner wall thickness, a non-uniform inner dimension, and a selected shape.
14. The process of claim 8, wherein the process includes heating or cooling the billet material with a selected heating device andor cooling device.
15. The process of claim 8, wherein the process includes heating the plasticized billet material with frictional heat generated during deformation of the billet material.
16. The process of claim 8, wherein extrusion of the plasticized billet material is performed at a temperature selected between about \u2212196\xb0 C. and about 0\xb0 C.; or between about 0\xb0 C. and about 1000\xb0 C.; or greater.
17. The process of claim 8, wherein the rotational shear force is applied by rotating the billet at a selected rotational speed while keeping the shear tool stationary, by rotating the shear tool at a selected rotational speed while keeping the billet material stationary, or by rotating the shear tool at a selected rotational speed different than the rotational speed of the billet material or vice versa.
18. The process of claim 17, wherein the selected rotational speed is up to about 1000 revolutions-per-minute.
19. The process of claim 8, wherein the axial extrusion pressure is at or below about 50 MPa.
20. The process of claim 8, wherein the process includes altering the morphology of second-phase particles in the billet material from an aspect ratio above about 2 prior to extrusion to an aspect ratio below about 2 following extrusion.
21. The process of claim 8, wherein the process yields microstructure grains in the extrusion structure or product at least about one-half the size of the grains prior to extrusion.
22. The process of claim 8, wherein the process yields microstructure grains with a size less than or equal to about 10 microns, less than or equal to about 5 microns, or finer.
23. The process of claim 8, wherein the extrusion structure is a tubular extrusion structure included as a component of a compression device, a stent device, a bending resistant device, including combinations of these devices.