1. A turbine airfoil, comprising:
a generally elongated airfoil formed from an outer wall, a leading edge, a trailing edge, a pressure side, a suction side, a tip at a first end, a root coupled to the airfoil at an end generally opposite the first end for supporting the airfoil and for coupling the airfoil to a disc, and at least one cavity in the elongated airfoil forming a cooling system in the airfoil;
wherein the cooling system comprises a pressure side serpentine cooling channel formed from a first outboard channel, a first inboard channel coupled to an outboard end of the first outboard channel and extending toward the root, and a second outboard channel coupled to an inboard end of the first inboard channel and extending toward the tip;
a suction side serpentine cooling channel formed from a first outboard channel and a first inboard channel coupled to an outboard end of the first outboard channel and extending toward the root;
wherein the first outboard channel of the suction side serpentine cooling channel is positioned between the second outboard channel of the pressure side serpentine cooling channel and the trailing edge of the airfoil, and the first inboard channel of the suction side serpentine cooling channel is positioned between the first inboard channel of the pressure side serpentine cooling channel and second outboard channel of the pressure side serpentine cooling channel; and
wherein cooling fluids in the pressure side serpentine cooling channel flow in a general direction from the leading edge toward the trailing edge and cooling fluids in the suction side serpentine cooling channel flow in a general direction from the trailing edge toward the leading edge.
2. The turbine airfoil of claim 1, further comprising a second outboard channel of the suction side serpentine cooling channel coupled to an inboard end of the first inboard channel of the suction side serpentine cooling channel and extending toward the tip and positioned chordwise between the first inboard channel of the pressure side serpentine cooling channel and the first inboard channel of the suction side serpentine cooling channel.
3. The turbine airfoil of claim 2, further comprising an orifice extending between an outboard end of the second outboard channel of the suction side serpentine cooling channel and the tip.
4. The turbine airfoil of claim 1, further comprising at least one leading edge cooling channel extending generally spanwise in close proximity to the leading edge of the elongated airfoil.
5. The turbine airfoil of claim 4, further comprising a rib positioned in the at least one leading edge cooling channel having a plurality of impingement orifices.
6. The turbine airfoil of claim 4, further comprising a plurality of trip strips protruding from inner surfaces of the at least one leading edge cooling channel, and the suction side and pressure side serpentine cooling channels.
7. The turbine airfoil of claim 1, further comprising at least one trailing edge cooling chamber extending generally spanwise in close proximity to the trailing edge of the elongated airfoil.
8. The turbine airfoil of claim 7, further comprising a first spanwise rib in the at least one trailing edge cooling channel having a plurality of impingement orifices and a second spanwise rib positioned between the first spanwise rib and the trailing edge of the elongated airfoil having a plurality of impingement orifices, wherein the impingement orifices in the second rib are offset spanwise from the impingement orifices in the first rib.
9. The turbine airfoil of claim 7, further comprising a plurality of trip strips protruding from inner surfaces of the at least one leading edge cooling channel, and the suction side and pressure side serpentine cooling channels.
10. The turbine airfoil of claim 1, further comprising a cooling fluid supply chamber in the root of the elongated airfoil and wherein an inboard end of the first outboard channel of the pressure side serpentine cooling channel and an inboard end of the first outboard channel of the suction side serpentine cooling channel are coupled to the cooling fluid supply chamber.
11. The turbine airfoil of claim 1, further comprising a central cooling fluid supply channel coupled to an inboard end of the first inboard channel of the pressure side serpentine cooling channel and an inboard end of the second outboard channel of the pressure side serpentine cooling channel, wherein the central cooling fluid supply channel is separated from the cooling fluid supply channel by a plate.
12. A turbine airfoil, comprising:
a generally elongated airfoil formed from an outer wall, a leading edge, a trailing edge, a pressure side, a suction side, a tip at a first end, a root coupled to the airfoil at an end generally opposite the first end for supporting the airfoil and for coupling the airfoil to a disc, and at least one cavity in the elongated airfoil forming a cooling system in the airfoil;
wherein the cooling system comprises a pressure side serpentine cooling channel formed from a first outboard channel, a first inboard channel coupled to an outboard end of the first outboard channel and extending toward the root, and a second outboard channel coupled to an inboard end of the first inboard channel and extending toward the tip;
a suction side serpentine cooling channel formed from a first outboard channel, a first inboard channel coupled to an outboard end of the first outboard channel and extending toward the root, and a second outboard channel coupled to an inboard end of the first inboard channel and extending toward the tip of the elongated airfoil;
wherein the first outboard channel of the suction side serpentine cooling channel is positioned between the second outboard channel of the pressure side serpentine cooling channel and the trailing edge of the airfoil, and the first inboard channel and the second outboard channel of the suction side serpentine cooling channel are positioned between the first inboard channel of the pressure side serpentine cooling channel and second outboard channel of the pressure side serpentine cooling channel; and
wherein cooling fluids in the pressure side serpentine cooling channel flow in a general direction from the leading edge toward the trailing edge and cooling fluids in the suction side serpentine cooling channel flow in a general direction from the trailing edge toward the leading edge.
13. The turbine airfoil of claim 12, further comprising an orifice extending between an outboard end of the second outboard channel of the suction side serpentine cooling channel and the tip.
14. The turbine airfoil of claim 12, further comprising at least one leading edge cooling channel extending generally spanwise in close proximity to the leading edge of the elongate airfoil with a plurality of impingement orifices positioned in a spanwise rib positioned in the at least one leading edge cooling channel.
15. The turbine airfoil of claim 14, further comprising a plurality of trip strips protruding from inner surfaces of the at least one leading edge cooling channel, and the suction side and pressure side serpentine cooling channels.
16. The turbine airfoil of claim 12, further comprising at least one trailing edge cooling chamber extending generally spanwise in close proximity to the trailing edge of the elongated airfoil having a plurality of impingement orifices positioned in a first spanwise rib in the at least one trailing edge cooling channel and a plurality of impingement orifices in a second spanwise rib positioned between the first spanwise rib and the trailing edge of the elongated airfoil, wherein the impingement orifices in the second rib are offset spanwise from the impingement orifices in the first rib.
17. The turbine airfoil of claim 16, further comprising a plurality of trip strips protruding from inner surfaces of the at least one leading edge cooling channel, and the suction side and pressure side serpentine cooling channels.
18. The turbine airfoil of claim 12, further comprising a cooling fluid supply chamber in the root of the elongated airfoil and wherein an inboard end of the first outboard channel of the pressure side serpentine cooling channel and an inboard end of the first outboard channel of the suction side serpentine cooling channel are coupled to the cooling fluid supply chamber.
19. The turbine airfoil of claim 12, further comprising a central cooling fluid supply channel coupled to an inboard end of the first inboard channel of the pressure side serpentine cooling channel and an inboard end of the second outboard channel of the pressure side serpentine cooling channel, wherein the central cooling fluid supply channel is separated from the cooling fluid supply channel by a plate.
20. A turbine airfoil, comprising:
a generally elongated airfoil formed from an outer wall, a leading edge, a trailing edge, a pressure side, a suction side, a tip at a first end, a root coupled to the airfoil at an end generally opposite the first end for supporting the airfoil and for coupling the airfoil to a disc, and at least one cavity in the elongated airfoil forming a cooling system in the airfoil;
wherein the cooling system comprises a pressure side serpentine cooling channel formed from a first outboard channel and a first inboard channel coupled to an outboard end of the first outboard channel and extending toward the root;
a suction side serpentine cooling channel formed from a first outboard channel and a first inboard channel coupled to an outboard end of the first outboard channel and extending toward the root;
wherein the first outboard and first inboard channels of the suction side serpentine cooling channel are positioned between the first outboard channel and the first inboard channel of the pressure side serpentine cooling channel; and
wherein cooling fluids in the pressure side serpentine cooling channel flow in a general direction from the leading edge toward the trailing edge and cooling fluids in the suction side serpentine cooling channel flow in a general direction from the trailing edge toward the leading edge.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A silver halide color photographic lightsensitive material comprising a support and, superimposed thereon, at least one blue-sensitive layer, at least one green-sensitive layer, at least one red-sensitive layer and at least one non-lightsensitive layer, wherein at least one fluorinated surfactant represented by the following general formula (A) is contained and wherein a spectral sensitivity ratio at 370 nm as compared to that at 420 nm, which imparts the same density as that of the sensitivity at 420 nm in the spectral sensitivity distribution of the blue-sensitive layer, is 60% or less:
in the general formula (A), each of RB3, RB4 and RB5 independently represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent; each of A and B independently represents a fluorine atom or a hydrogen atom; each of nB3 and nB4 is independently an integer of 4 to 8; each of LB1 and LB2 independently represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyleneoxy group, or a bivalent connecting group composed of a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group combined with a substituted or unsubstituted alkyleneoxy group; mB is 0 or 1; and M represents a cation.
2. A silver halide color photographic lightsensitive material comprising a support and, superimposed thereon, at least one blue-sensitive layer, at least one green-sensitive layer, at least one red-sensitive layer and at least one non-lightsensitive layer, wherein at least one fluorinated surfactant represented by the following general formula (A) is contained and wherein a spectral sensitivity ratio at 370 nm as compared to that at 420 nm, which imparts the same density as that of the sensitivity at 420 nm in the spectral sensitivity distribution of the blue-sensitive layer, is 50% or less:
in the general formula (A), each of RB3, RB4 and RB5 independently represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent; each of A and B independently represents a fluorine atom or a hydrogen atom; each of nB3 and nB4 is independently an integer of 4 to 8; each of LB1 and LB2 independently represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyleneoxy group, or a bivalent connecting group composed of a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group combined with a substituted or unsubstituted alkyleneoxy group; mB is 0 or 1; and M represents a cation.
3. The silver halide color photographic lightsensitive material according to claim 2, wherein the spectral sensitivity ratio is 30% or less.
4. The silver halide color photographic lightsensitive material according to claim 1, wherein it is in the form of a roll film.
5. The silver halide color photographic lightsensitive material according to claim 2, wherein it is in the form of a roll film.