1. An optical processing device for use at wavelengths between approximately 1310 and 1610 nanometers, comprising:
an optical switching element comprising a liquid crystal material comprising:
a birefringence of 0.21 or less; and
a phase range of at least 120 degrees Celsius;
wherein the phase range includes at least a temperature range of \u221215 degrees Celsius to 80 degrees Celsius.
2. The device of claim 1, wherein the optical switching element is capable of processing wavelengths between approximately 1490 and 1610 nanometers.
3. The device of claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal material comprises:
a birefringence of 0.17 or less; and
a phase range of at least \u221220 to 120 degrees Celsius.
4. The device of claim 1, wherein the optical switching element comprises a polarization modulator operable to effect a change in a polarization state of an input optical signal based at least in part on a control voltage applied to the liquid crystal material.
5. The device of claim 4, wherein the polarization modulator comprises:
a plurality of electrode layers operable to apply an electric field to the liquid crystal material;
a plurality of substantially transparent substrates each coupled to at least one of the plurality of electrode layers; and
a plurality of alignment layers operable to align the liquid crystal material to the electrode layer.
6. The device of claim 1, wherein the device exhibits no more than a 0.2 decibel change in attenuation for each degree of Celsius change in temperature of the liquid crystal material.
7. The device of claim 1, wherein the device exhibits no more than a 0.1 decibel change in attenuation for each degree of Celsius change in temperature of the liquid crystal material.
8. The device of claim 1, wherein the device exhibits no more than a 0.03 decibel change in attenuation for each degree of Celsius change in temperature of the liquid crystal material.
9. The device of claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal material comprises a material selected from the group consisting of MLC-6647, ZOC-9011-100LA, and MLC-6621.
10. The device of claim 1, wherein the device is capable of switching speeds of 50 milliseconds or less.
11. The system of claim 1, further comprising a controller operable to determine a control voltage applied to the liquid crystal material based at least in part on a temperature of the liquid crystal material.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. An image processing apparatus comprising:
a shake correcting part configured to perform image compensation processing, based on shake information, to an input image generated with an image-pickup device;
an output area determining part configured to determine an output image area within the input image based on an input image area and the shake information, wherein the output image area is smaller than the input image area; and
a method determining part configured to determine an image compensation method for the compensation processing based on the shake information and information on the determined output image area.
2. The image processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the method determining part determines the image compensation method based on a size of the output image area with respect to the input image area.
3. The image processing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the size of the output image area with respect to the input image area is a ratio of the output image area to the input image area.
4. The image processing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein:
the size of the output image area with respect to the input image area is calculated by analyzing an amount of apparent shake appearing on an image, and
the output image area does not lie outside the range of the input image even if shake correction is applied.
5. The image processing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the method determining part determines the image compensation method between at least two among a translation transformation method, a translation and rotation transformation method, an affine transformation method, a plane projection transformation method, and a parallax correction method.
6. The image processing apparatus according to claim 5, wherein:
the method determining part select the image compensation method having higher degree of freedom as the size of the output image area with respect to the input image area is smaller, and
the image compensation method is, in order of higher degree of freedom, a parallax correction method, a plane projection transformation method, an affine transformation method, a translation and rotation transformation, and a translation transformation method.
7. The image processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the method determining part is configured to determine the image compensation method based on both the shake information and zoom information for a zoom optical system that forms an image of a subject on the image-pickup device.
8. The image processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the method determining part is configured to determine to be uncorrectable shake or an intentional camera work and to exclude from shake correction if the shake information has such a magnitude that would cause a take-out area to lie outside the range of the input image if correction is performed.
9. The image processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the shake information is detected by an image processing operation method that uses frame images as input images.
10. The image processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the shake information is detected by a shake detection sensor.
11. An image-pickup apparatus comprising:
an image-pickup device configured to generate an input image;
a shake detection unit configured to detect a shake information;
a shake correcting unit configured to perform image compensation processing, based on the shake information, to an input image generated with an image-pickup device;
an output area determining unit configured to determine an output image area within the input image based on an input image area and the shake information, wherein the output image area is smaller than the input image area; and
a method determining unit configured to determine an image compensation method for the compensation processing based on the shake information and information on the determined output image area.
12. The image-pickup apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the method determining part determines the image compensation method based on a size of the output image area with respect to the input image area.
13. The image-pickup apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the size of the output image area with respect to the input image area is a ratio of the output image area to the input image area.
14. The image-pickup apparatus according to claim 12, wherein:
the size of the output image area with respect to the input image area is calculated by analyzing the amount of apparent shake appearing on an image, and
the output image area does not lie outside the range of the input image even if shake correction is applied.
15. The image-pickup apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the method determining part determines the image compensation method between at least two among a translation transformation method, a translation and rotation transformation method, an affine transformation method, a plane projection transformation method, and a parallax correction method.
16. The image-pickup apparatus according to claim 15, wherein:
the method determining part select the image compensation method having higher degree of freedom as the size of the output image area with respect to the input image area is smaller, and
the image compensation method is, in order of higher degree of freedom, a parallax correction method, a plane projection transformation method, an affine transformation method, a translation and rotation transformation, and a translation transformation method.
17. The image-pickup apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the method determining part is configured to determine the image compensation method based on both the shake information and zoom information for a zoom optical system that forms an image of a subject on the image-pickup device.
18. The image-pickup apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the method determining part is configured to determine to be uncorrectable shake or an intentional camera work and to exclude from shake correction if the shake information has such a magnitude that would cause a take-out area to lie outside the range of the input image if correction is performed.
19. The image-pickup apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the shake information is detected by an image processing operation method that uses frame images as input images
20. The image-pickup apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the shake information is detected by a shake detection sensor.
21. An image processing method comprising the steps of:
correcting a shake to perform image compensation processing, based on shake information, to an input image generated with an image-pickup device;
determining an output area to determine an output image area within the input image based on an input image area and the shake information, wherein the output image area is smaller than the input image area; and
determining a method to determine an image compensation method for the compensation processing based on the shake information and information on the determined output image area.
22. The image processing method according to claim 21, wherein the step of determining determines the image compensation method based on a size of the output image area with respect to the input image area.
23. The image processing method according to claim 22, wherein the size of the output image area with respect to the input image area is a ratio of the output image area to the input image area.
24. The image processing method according to claim 22, wherein:
the size of the output image area with respect to the input image area is calculated by analyzing the amount of apparent shake appearing on an image, and
the output image area does not lie outside the range of the input image even if shake correction is applied.
25. The image processing method according to claim 22, wherein the step of determining part determines the image compensation method between at least two among a translation transformation method, a translation and rotation transformation method, an affine transformation method, a plane projection transformation method, and a parallax correction method.
26. The image processing method according to claim 25, wherein:
the step of determining the method part select the image compensation method having higher degree of freedom as the size of the output image area with respect to the input image area is smaller, and
the image compensation method is, in order of higher degree of freedom, a parallax correction method, a plane projection transformation method, an affine transformation method, a translation and rotation transformation, and a translation transformation method.
27. The image processing method according to claim 21, wherein the step of determining the method determines the image compensation method based on both the shake information and zoom information for a zoom optical system that forms an image of a subject on the image-pickup device.
28. The image processing method according to claim 21, wherein the step of determining the method determines to be uncorrectable shake or an intentional camera work and to exclude from shake correction if the shake information has such a magnitude that would cause a take-out area to lie outside the range of the input image if correction is performed.
29. The image processing method according to claim 21, wherein the shake information is detected by an image processing operation method that uses frame images as input images
30. The image processing method according to claim 21, wherein the shake information is detected by a shake detection sensor.
31. A non-transitory memory medium storing program instructions executable by a processor to perform the shake correcting method according to claim 21.