1. A crosslinkable composition comprising:
a) a first component acid-functional acrylic copolymer comprising:
i. 85 to 99 parts by weight of an (meth)acrylic acid ester of non-tertiary alcohol;
ii. 1 to 15 parts by weight of an acid functional monomer;
iii. 0 to 10 parts by weight of a second, non-acid functional, polar monomer;
iv. 0 to 5 parts vinyl monomer; and
b) a second component epoxy-functional (meth)acryloyl monomer; and
c) a third component aziridine crosslinking agent of the formula:
wherein
R1 is H or C1-C4 alkyl;
z is 0, 1 or 2
R2 is a H or C1-C4 alkyl;
R3 is a (hetero)hydrocarbyl group:
X1 is \u2014O\u2014 or \u2014NR1\u2014;
Z is \u2014H or a water-solubilizing group.
2. The crosslinkable composition of claim 1, wherein R3 is a hydrocarbyl group and X1 is \u2014O\u2014.
3. The crosslinkable composition of claim 1, wherein Z is a water-solubilizing group.
4. The crosslinkable composition of claim 3 wherein said water-solubilizing group is a cationic, anionic, zwitterionic or nonionic water solubilizing group.
5. The crosslinkable composition of claim 3 wherein Z is Z1, where Z1 is an ionic water solubilizing groups selected from ammonium groups, phosphonium groups, sulfonium groups, carboxylates, sulfonates, phosphates, phosphonates or phosphinate groups.
6. The crosslinkable composition of claim 3 wherein Z is Z2, where Z2 is a poly(oxyalkylene) group.
7. The crosslinkable composition of claim 2 wherein Z is a hydroxyl group.
8. The crosslinkable composition of claim 1 wherein said epoxy-functional (meth)acrylate monomer is of the formula:
wherein
R2 is a H or C1-C4 alkyl;
X1 is \u2014O\u2014 or \u2014NR1\u2014; and
R5 is an epoxy-containing hydrocarbyl group.
9. The crosslinkable composition of claim 1 comprising 0.005 to 5.0 parts by weight of an aziridine crosslinking agent, relative to 100 parts by weight of said first component acid-functional acrylic copolymer.
10. The crosslinkable composition of claim 1 wherein the epoxy-functional (meth)acrylate monomer is used in amounts up to a stoichiometric equivalent of said aziridine crosslinking agent.
11. The crosslinkable composition of claim 1 wherein the epoxy-functional (meth)acrylate monomer is used in amounts 0.005 to 5.0 parts by weight relative to 100 parts by weight of said first component acid-functional acrylic copolymer.
12. The crosslinkable composition of claim 1 wherein said epoxy-functional (meth)acrylate monomer is of the formula:
wherein
R7 is a (hetero)hydrocarbyl group;
R2 is H or C1-C4 alkyl;
X1 is \u2014NR1\u2014 or \u2014O\u2014, wherein R1 is an H or C1-C4 alkyl.
13. The crosslinkable composition of claim 1 comprising 0.005 to 5.0 parts by weight of the aziridine crosslinking agent, relative to 100 parts of the copolymer.
14. The crosslinkable composition of claim 1 wherein said copolymer comprises 1 to 5 parts by weight of acrylic acid and 1 to 5 parts by weight of a polar monomer.
15. The crosslinkable composition of claim 1 wherein Z is a water-solubilizing groups and said composition is an aqueous emulsion.
16. The crosslinkable composition of claim 1 comprising an emulsion comprising:
(a) 30 to about 70 weight percent, based on the total weight of the emulsion, of the crosslinkable composition of claim 1, and
(b) 30 to 70 weight percent of an aqueous phase comprising a surfactant, based on the total weight of the emulsion.
17. The emulsion of claim 16 wherein said composition has a pH of \u22674.
18. The crosslinkable composition of claim 1 comprising a syrup polymer comprising:
a) a first component acid-functional acrylic copolymer comprising:
i. 85 to 99 parts by weight of an (meth)acrylic acid ester of non-tertiary alcohol;
ii. 1 to 15 parts by weight of an acid functional monomer;
iii. 0 to 10 parts by weight of a second, non-acid functional, polar monomer;
iv. 0 to 5 parts vinyl monomer;
b) a second component comprising at least one free-radically polymerizable solvent monomer,
c) a third component epoxy-functional (meth)acryloyl monomer; and
d) a fourth component aziridine crosslinking agent of the formula:
wherein
R1 is H or C1-C4 alkyl;
z is 0, 1 or 2
R2 is a H or C1-C4 alkyl;
R3 is a (hetero)hydrocarbyl group:
X1 is \u2014O\u2014 or \u2014NR1\u2014;
Z is \u2014H or a water-solubilizing group.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A semiconductor laser apparatus comprising:
an electrode of a semiconductor vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) diode; and
a die attach that is used for bonding and is attached to the electrode, wherein
the electrode of the semiconductor VCSEL diode includes a first electrode layer that includes Au and a second electrode layer that is deposited on the first electrode layer and is at least one of materials that compose the die attach except Au, the second electrode layer intervened between the first electrode layer and the die attach so that the second electrode layer is directly attached to the die attach, wherein:
the die attach is made of Au\u2014Sn and the second electrode layer is made of Sn, and the electrode is configured to be AuGeAuSn.
2. The semiconductor laser apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second electrode layer serves as an Au-rich suppression layer.
3. The semiconductor laser apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the material of the die attach is an Au\u2014Sn eutectic alloy having a thickness of at least 100 \u03bcm.
4. The semiconductor laser apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the electrode of the semiconductor laser diode is formed on a backside of a substrate.
5. A semiconductor vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) apparatus comprising:
a lower reflector deposited on a substrate;
an active region;
an upper reflector that composes an oscillator with the lower reflector;
a metal portion in which a first opening is formed to define an emitting region of a laser beam generated in the active region; and
a light confinement region having a second opening that defines the emitting region of the laser beam provided between the metal portion and the lower reflector,
wherein:
a die attach attached to an electrode of the VCSEL apparatus is provided for bonding; and
the electrode of the surface emitting laser diode includes a first electrode layer that includes Au and a second electrode layer that is deposited on the first electrode layer and is at least one of materials that compose the die attach except Au, the second electrode layer intervened between the first electrode layer and the die attach so that the second electrode layer is directly attached to the die attach, wherein:
the die attach is made of Au\u2014Sn and the second electrode layer is made of Sn, and the electrode is configured to be AuGeAuSn.
6. The semiconductor VCSEL apparatus as claimed in claim 5, wherein the surface emitting laser diode has a selectively oxidized post structure.
7. The semiconductor VCSEL apparatus as claimed in claim 5, wherein the second opening of the surface emitting laser diode has a diameter equal to or less than 5 \u03bcm.