1. In a radio system communications system comprising a plurality of nodes, a plurality of communications channels, a method of providing radio communications route selection consisting of the steps of:
a) providing nodes of at least two different types designatable such as odd and even, where odd nodes transmit on a first band of frequencies and receive on a second band and even nodes receive on said first band and transmit on said second band;
b) positioning said nodes in variable selected patterns;
c) enabling radio links between nodes;
d) transmitting routing messages between nodes;
e) setting a threshold level for message signals received by said nodes;
fl establishing a multiple link route thru multiple nodes based on the content of said routing messages;
g) selecting channels in each link along a route; and
h) each of said routes having an arbitrary source and each said route having a selected destination and each route not having to go through a common point.
2-20. (canceled)
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method of preparing a polymer having a terminal amine, comprising, reacting a substantially non-antigenic polymer of the formula (I)
R1\u2014R2\u2014N3 \u2003\u2003(I)
wherein
R1 is a capping group or N3; and
R2 is a substantially non-antigenic polymer;
with a phosphine-based reducing agent or an alkali metal borohydride reducing agent.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the reacting step is carried out in a solvent and the reactants are allowed to react for a time sufficient to cause formation of the terminal amine on said polymer.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the R1 capping group is CH3.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein R1 is N3.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein R2 is a polyalkylene oxide.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein said polyalkylene oxide is selected from the group consisting of polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein said polyalkylene oxide is a polyethylene glycol of the formula: \u2014O\u2014(CH2CH2O)x\u2014, wherein x is an integer from about 10 to about 2,300.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the phosphine-based reducing agent is selected from the group consisting of triphenylphosphine, tri(tolyl)-phosphine, tributylphosphine, tert-butyldiphenylphosphine, diphenyl-(p-tolyl)-phosphine, tris(2,4,6-trimethoxy-phenyl)phosphine, tris(2,6-di-methoxyphenyl)phosphine, tris(2-methoxyphenyl)-phosphine, tris(3-chlorophenyl)phosphine, tris(3-methoxyphenyl)phosphine, tris(4-fluorophenyl)phosphine, tris(4-methoxyphenyl)phosphine, tris(p-chlorophenyl)phosphine and tris(pentafluorophenyl)phosphine.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the phosphine-based reducing agent is triphenylphosphine.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the alkali metal borohydride reducing agent is selected from the group consisting of sodium borohydride, lithium borohydride and potassium borohydride.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein the alkali metal borohydride reducing agent is sodium borohydride.
12. The method of claim 1, wherein the substantially non-antigenic polymer has a weight average molecular weight from about 200 to about 100,000 Daltons.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein the substantially non-antigenic polymer has a weight average molecular weight from about 2,000 to about 48,000 Daltons.
14. The method of claim 1, wherein the solvent is a polar solvent or a C1-10 alcohol.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein the polar solvent is selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, butanol, isopropanol, tetrahydrofuran (THF), dimethylformamide and dioxane.
16. The method of claim 15, wherein the polar solvent is methanol.
17. The method of claim 1, wherein the phosphine-based reducing agent is present in an amount ranging from about equimolar to molar excess with respect to the compound of formula (I).
18. The method of claim 1, wherein the compound of formula (I) is:
N3\u2014CH2CH2\u2014O\u2014(CH2CH2O)x\u2014CH2CH2\u2014N3 or \u2003\u2003(Ia)
CH3\u2014O\u2014(CH2CH2O)x\u2014CH2CH2\u2014N3 \u2003\u2003(Ib)
wherein x is the degree of polymerization.
19. The method of claim 17, wherein the phosphine-based reducing agent is present in an amount of at least about a two-fold to molar excess with respect to the compound of formula (I).
20. The method of claim 1, wherein the purity of the polymer containing said terminal amine formed by said process is greater than about 95%.
21. The method of claim 20, wherein the purity of the polymer containing said terminal amine formed by said process is greater than 98%.
22. The method of claim 21, wherein the purity of the polymer containing said terminal amine formed by said process is greater than 99%.
23. The method of claim 18, wherein the compound of formula (Ia) is prepared by reacting a compound of formula (II)
R3\u2014O\u2014(CH2CH2O)x\u2014R3 \u2003\u2003(II)
wherein R3 is selected from the group consisting of Br, Cl, tosylate or mesylate, brosylate, tresylate and nosylate; and
x is the degree of polymerization;
with NaN3 in the presence of a solvent.
24. The method of claim 1, wherein the compound of formula (I) is selected from the group consisting of:
wherein n is an integer from about 10 to about 340.