1. A method of breaking an emulsion comprising oil and water, the method comprising:
adding to the emulsion comprising oil and water an effective amount of a polymer to break the emulsion, where the polymer comprises a random or block polymer made from addition reactions of a hydroxyl- andor amine-containing base compound with at least one lactone monomer and at least one alkylene oxide monomer.
2. The method of claim 1 where:
the at least one lactone monomer is selected from the group of lactones of formula (I) having 3 to 7 carbon atoms in the central ring
where n is at least 1 and R\u2032 are independently any hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, or aromatic group; and
the at least one alkylene oxide monomer is selected from the group consisting of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide and mixtures thereof; and
the hydroxyl- or amine-containing base compound is selected from the group consisting of methanol; propylene glycol; glycerol; pentaerythritol; sucrose; glucose; sorbitol; fructose; maltitol; polyvinyl alcohol; polysaccharides selected from the group consisting of starch derivatives, hydroxyl ethyl cellulose (HEC), carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) and cyclodextrin; polyesters; polyethers; polyacids; polyamides; hydroxylamines; polyethyleneimines; peptides; and combinations thereof.
3. The method of claim 2 where the hydroxyl- or amine-containing base compound is a hydroxylamine that is selected from the group consisting of ethanolamine; diethanolamine; triethanolamine, and mixtures thereof.
4. The method of claim 1 where:
the weight ratio of at least one lactone monomer to the hydroxyl- or amine-containing base compound ranges from about 0.1:1 to about 99.9:1; and
the weight ratio of at least one alkylene oxide monomer to the hydroxyl- or amine-containing base compound ranges from about 99.9:1 to about 0.1:1.
5. The method of claim 1 where the weight average molecular weight of the polymer ranges from about 2000 to about 1,500,000 gmol.
6. The method of claim 1 where the effective amount of the polymer ranges from about 5 to about 1000 ppm, based on the emulsion.
7. The method of claim 1 where the polymer is capped by reaction with monofunctional monomers selected from the group consisting of monoepoxides, monofunctional carboxylic acids and combinations thereof.
8. The method of claim 7 where the monofunctional monomer is selected from the group consisting of styrene oxide, glycidal ether, benzylglycidal ether, C1-C24 glycidal ether, acid anhydrides, C2-C24 carbocyclic acids and combinations thereof.
9. A method of breaking an emulsion comprising oil and water, the method comprising:
adding to the emulsion comprising oil and water from about 5 to about 1000 ppm, based on the emulsion, of a polymer to break the emulsion, where the polymer comprises a random or block polymer having a weight average molecular weight of the polymer ranges from about 2000 to about 1,500,000 gmol made from addition reactions of a hydroxyl- andor amine-containing base compound with at least one lactone monomer and at least one alkylene oxide monomer.
10. The method of claim 9 where:
the at least one lactone monomer is selected from the group of lactones of formula (I) having 3 to 7 carbon atoms in the central ring
where n is at least 1 and R\u2032 are independently any hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, or aromatic group; and
the at least one alkylene oxide monomer is selected from the group consisting of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide and mixtures thereof; and
the hydroxyl- or amine-containing base compound is selected from the group consisting of methanol; propylene glycol; glycerol; pentaerythritol; sucrose; glucose; sorbitol; fructose; maltitol; polyvinyl alcohol, polysaccharides selected from the group consisting of starch derivatives, hydroxyl ethyl cellulose (HEC), carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) and cyclodextrin; polyesters; polyethers; polyacids; polyamides; hydroxylamines; polyethyleneimines; peptides; and combinations thereof.
11. The method of claim 10 where the hydroxyl- or amine-containing base compound is a hydroxylamine that is selected from the group consisting of ethanolamine; diethanolamine; triethanolamine, and mixtures thereof.
12. The method of claim 9 where:
the weight ratio of at least one lactone monomer to the hydroxyl- or amine-containing base compound ranges from about 0.1:1 to about 99.9:1; and
the weight ratio of at least one alkylene oxide monomer to the hydroxyl- or amine-containing base compound ranges from about 99.9:1 to about 0.1:1.
13. The method of claim 9 where the polymer is capped by reaction with monofunctional monomers selected from the group consisting of monoepoxides, monofunctional carboxylic acids and combinations thereof.
14. The method of claim 13 where the monofunctional monomer is selected from the group consisting of styrene oxide, glycidal ether, benzylglycidal ether, C1-C24 glycidal ether, acid anhydrides, C2-C24 carbocyclic acids and combinations thereof.
15. A method of breaking an emulsion comprising oil and water, the method comprising:
adding to the emulsion comprising oil and water from about 5 to about 1000 ppm, based on the emulsion, of a polymer to break the emulsion, where the polymer comprises a random or block polymer made from addition reactions of a hydroxyl- andor amine-containing base compound with at least one lactone monomer and at least one alkylene oxide monomer, where:
the at least one lactone monomer is selected from the group of lactones of formula (I) having 3 to 7 carbon atoms in the central ring
where n is at least 1 and R\u2032 are independently any hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, or aromatic group; and
the at least one alkylene oxide monomer is selected from the group consisting of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide and mixtures thereof; and
the hydroxyl- or amine-containing base compound is selected from the group consisting of methanol; propylene glycol; glycerol; pentaerythritol; sucrose; glucose; sorbitol; fructose; maltitol; polyvinyl alcohol; polysaccharides selected from the group consisting of starch derivatives, hydroxyl ethyl cellulose (HEC), carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) and cyclodextrin; polyesters; polyethers; polyacids; polyamides; hydroxylamines; polyethyleneimines; peptides; and combinations thereof.
16. The method of claim 15 where the hydroxyl- or amine-containing base compound is a hydroxylamine that is selected from the group consisting of ethanolamine; diethanolamine; triethanolamine, and mixtures thereof.
17. The method of claim 15 where:
the weight ratio of at least one lactone monomer to the hydroxyl- or amine-containing base compound ranges from about 0.1:1 to about 99.9:1; and
the weight ratio of at least one alkylene oxide monomer to the hydroxyl- or amine-containing base compound ranges from about 99.9:1 to about 0.1:1.
18. The method of claim 15 where the weight average molecular weight of the polymer ranges from about 2000 to about 1,500,000 gmol.
19. The method of claim 15 where the polymer is capped by reaction with monofunctional monomers selected from the group consisting of monoepoxides, monofunctional carboxylic acids and combinations thereof.
20. The method of claim 19 where the monofunctional monomer is selected from the group consisting of styrene oxide, glycidal ether, benzylglycidal ether, C1-C24 glycidal ether, acid anhydrides, C2-C24 carbocyclic acids and combinations thereof.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A vehicle seat comprising:
a pneumatic spring;
a seat frame which can be pivoted by means of the pneumatic spring and which is adjustable in terms of height;
an adjuster which establishes an actual value of height of the seat frame, for which the adjuster has a cable roll which is supported on a first portion of the seat frame so as to be able to be rotated about an axis, and a cable which can be at least partially wound on the cable roll, unwound therefrom and is secured to a second portion of the seat frame that can be moved relative to the first portion and which controls at least one control valve of the pneumatic spring in accordance with a desired value of the height of the seat frame;
a control device which controls the at least one control valve;
a seat frame height desired value generator by means of which a desired value of the height of the seat frame can be adjusted; and
a gear mechanism providing an operational gear connection between the cable roll, the desired value generator and the control device which controls the at least one control valve.
2. A vehicle seat according to claim 1, further comprising a spring wherein the cable roll is pretensioned relative to the first portion of the seat frame by means of the spring in order to keep the cable taut.
3. A vehicle seat according to claim 1, further comprising an actuation element for at least one of pivoting the desired value generator about the axis and directly or indirectly actuating the desired value generator by an occupant of the vehicle seat.
4. A vehicle seat according to claim 1, wherein the gear mechanism comprises a planet gear having a sun wheel which is supported rotatably about the axis, at least one planet wheel which engages with the sun wheel and which is rotatably supported on a web, and an internally toothed wheel which is supported rotatably about the axis and which engages with the at least one planet wheel.
5. A vehicle seat according to claim 4, wherein at least one of:
the sun wheel is connected to the cable roll; the internally toothed wheel is connected to the desired value generator; and the web is connected to the control device.
6. A vehicle seat according to claim 5, wherein at least one sliding member is connected to the web and coupled in a carrying manner with a viscous lubricant being introduced.
7. A vehicle seat according to claim 1, wherein the control device has at least one sliding member and a sliding roller which travels or slides on the at least one sliding member and which can in particular be deflected radially relative to the axis with respect to the at least one sliding member.
8. A vehicle seat according to claim 7, wherein the at least one sliding member comprises two sliding members which co-operate with the sliding roller and which can be adjusted in particular relative to each other.
9. A vehicle seat according to claim 7, wherein the control device has a rocker switch which is pivotable and which, in accordance with the deflection of the sliding roller relative to the at least one sliding member, acts on the at least one control valve.
10. A vehicle seat according to claim 1, wherein the gear mechanism comprises a spindle differential gear having a spindle which is arranged along the axis and a spindle nut which is screwed to the spindle, the spindle being connected to the cable roll andor the spindle nut carrying the control device andor the spindle nut being movable by means of the desired value generator on the spindle.
11. A utility vehicle seat comprising:
a pneumatic spring;
a seat frame which is adjustable in height;
a cable roll supported on a first portion of the seat frame so as to be rotatable about an axis;
a cable at least partially wound on the cable roll and being unwindable therefrom, the cable being secured to a second portion of the seat frame that is movable relative to the first portion;
a control device which acts on at least one control valve of the pneumatic spring;
a seat frame height desired value generator for adjusting a desired value of the height of the seat frame; and
a gear mechanism providing an operational gear connection between the cable roll, the desired value generator and the control device.
12. A vehicle seat according to claim 11, further comprising a spring wherein the cable roll is pretensioned relative to the first portion of the seat frame by means of the spring in order to keep the cable taut.
13. A vehicle seat according to claim 11, further comprising an actuation element for at least one of pivoting the desired value generator about the axis and directly or indirectly actuating the desired value generator by an occupant of the vehicle seat.
14. A vehicle seat according to claim 11, wherein the gear mechanism comprises a planet gear having a sun wheel which is supported rotatably about the axis, at least one planet wheel which engages with the sun wheel and which is rotatably supported on a web, and an internally toothed part which is supported rotatably about the axis and which engages with the at least one planet wheel.
15. A vehicle seat according to claim 14, wherein at least one of:
the sun wheel is connected to the cable roll; the internally toothed wheel is connected to the desired value generator; and the web is connected to the control device.
16. A vehicle seat according to claim 15, wherein at least one sliding member is connected to the web and coupled in a carrying manner with a viscous lubricant being introduced.
17. A vehicle seat according to claim 11, wherein the control device has at least one sliding member and a sliding roller which travels or slides on the at least one sliding member and which is deflected radially relative to the axis with respect to the at least one sliding member.
18. A vehicle seat according to claim 17, wherein the at least one sliding member comprises two sliding members which co-operate with the sliding roller and which can be adjusted in particular relative to each other.
19. A vehicle seat according to claim 17, wherein the control device has a rocker switch which is pivotable and which, in accordance with the deflection of the sliding roller relative to the at least one sliding member, acts on the at least one control valve.
20. A vehicle seat according to claim 11, wherein the gear mechanism comprises a spindle differential gear having a spindle which is arranged along the axis and a spindle nut which is screwed to the spindle, the spindle being connected to the cable roll andor the spindle nut carrying the control device andor the spindle nut being movable by means of the desired value generator on the spindle.