1. A rewritable optical recording medium with an ZnO near-field optical interaction layer for discs comprising:
a) a transparent substrate;
b) a first transparent dielectric thin film layer formed on the transparent substrate;
c) a zinc-oxide nano-structured thin film layer formed on the first transparent dielectric thin film layer and selectively causing a localized near-field optical effect;
d) a second transparent dielectric thin film layer formed on the zinc-oxide nano-structured thin film layer;
e) a rewritable recording thin film layer formed on the second transparent dielectric thin film layer; and
f) a third transparent dielectric thin film layer formed on the rewritable recording thin film layer,
wherein the first transparent dielectric thin film layer and the zinc-oxide nano-structured thin film layer are located between the transparent substrate and the rewritable recording thin film layer.
2. The rewritable optical recording medium with ZnO near-field optical interaction layer of claim 1, wherein said transparent substrate is made of SiO2 glass materials or doped SiO2 glass materials containing materials selected from Sodium (Na), Lithium(Li), Calcium(Ca), Potassium(K), Aluminum(Al), Germanium(Ge), and Boron (B).
3. The rewritable optical recording medium with ZnO near-field optical interaction layer of claim 1, wherein said transparent substrate is made of the transparent polymerized materials which comprise one of polycarbonate, and epoxy resin.
4. The rewritable optical recording medium with ZnO near-field optical interaction layer of claim 1, wherein said first transparent dielectric thin film layer, said second transparent dielectric thin film layer and said third transparent dielectric thin film layer are selected from a group of the transparent dielectric materials consisting of ZnS\u2014SiOx, SiOx, and SiNx.
5. The rewritable optical recording medium with ZnO near-field optical interaction layer of claim 4, wherein said first transparent dielectric thin film layer, said second transparent dielectric thin film layer and said third transparent dielectric thin film layer are one of a single and a multiple layer structure.
6. The rewritable optical recording medium with ZnO near-field optical interaction layer of claim 4, wherein the optimal thickness of the first transparent dielectric thin film layer is in a range between 50 nm and 300 nm.
7. The rewritable optical recording medium with ZnO near-field optical interaction layer of claim 4, wherein the optimal thickness of the second transparent dielectric thin film layer is in a range between 5 nm and 100 nm.
8. The rewritable optical recording medium with ZnO near-field optical interaction layer of claim 4, wherein the optimal thickness of the third transparent dielectric thin film layer is in a range between 5 nm and 100 nm.
9. The rewritable optical recording medium with ZnO near-field optical interaction layer of claim 1, wherein said first transparent dielectric thin film layer, said second transparent dielectric thin film layer and said third transparent dielectric thin film layer are one of a single and a multiple layer structure.
10. The rewritable optical recording medium with ZnO near-field optical interaction layer of claim 1, wherein the optimal thickness of the first transparent dielectric thin film layer is in a range between 50 nm and 300 nm.
11. The rewritable optical recording medium with ZnO near-field optical interaction layer of claim 1, wherein the optimal thickness of the second transparent dielectric thin film layer is in a range between 5 nm and 100 nm.
12. The rewritable optical recording medium with ZnO near-field optical interaction layer of claim 1, wherein the optimal thickness of the third transparent dielectric thin film layer is in a range between 5 nm and 100 nm.
13. The rewritable optical recording medium with ZnO near-field optical interaction layer of claim 1, wherein said zinc-oxide (ZnO) nano-structured thin film layer that is capable of causing localized near-field optical effect is made of one of a compound of zinc-oxide and compositions of zinc-oxide and zinc.
14. The rewritable optical recording medium with ZnO near-field optical interaction layer of claim 13, wherein the optimal thickness of said zinc-oxide (ZnO) nano-structured thin film layer that is capable of causing localized near-field optical effect is in a range between 5 nm to 100 nm.
15. The rewritable optical recording medium with ZnO near-field optical interaction layer of claim 1, wherein the optimal thickness of said zinc-oxide (ZnO) nano-structured thin film layer that is capable of causing localized near-field optical effect is in a range between 5 nm to 100 nm.
16. The rewritable optical recording medium with ZnO near-field optical interaction layer of claim 1, wherein said rewritable recording thin-film layer is selected from a group of photo-thermal effect and magneto-optical effect materials consisting of GexSbxTex, InxSbyTez, AgwInxSbyTez, FexTbyCoz, Gdx TbyFez and CoxPty, wherein the materials are doped with elements selected from a group consisting of Copper(Cu), Zinc(Zn), Arsenic(As), Tin(Sn), Gold(Au), Mercury(Hg), Thallium(Tl), Lead(Pb), Bismuth(Bi), Gallium(Ga), Germanium(Ge), Cadmium(Cd), Indium(In), Antimony(Sb), Silver(Ag), Selenium(Se), and Tellurium(Te).
17. The rewritable optical recording medium with ZnO near-field optical interaction layer of claim 16, wherein said rewritable recording thin-film layer is one of a single and a multiple layer structure.
18. The rewritable optical recording medium with ZnO near-field optical interaction layer of claim 16, wherein the optimal thickness of said rewritable recording thin film layer is in a range of between 5 nm and 100 nm.
19. The rewritable optical recording medium with ZnO near-field optical interaction layer of claim 1, wherein said rewritable recording thin-film layer is one of a single and a multiple layer structure.
20. The rewritable optical recording medium with ZnO near-field optical interaction layer of claim 1, wherein the optimal thickness of said rewritable recording thin film layer is in a range between 5 nm and 100 nm.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A downhole tool, comprising:
a body having a surface comprising a topographical pattern defined by at least one of a recess extending into the surface and a protrusion protruding from the surface; and
an anti-balling material disposed over at least a portion of the surface comprising the pattern therein, the anti-balling material having a composition selected to reduce accumulation of formation cuttings thereon when the downhole tool is used to form or service a wellbore.
2. The downhole tool of claim 1, wherein the anti-balling material comprises a hydrophobic polymer, a metal, a metal alloy, a ceramic, diamond, diamond-like carbon, graphite, molybdenum disulfide, boron nitride, or silicone.
3. The downhole tool of claim 1, wherein the anti-balling material comprises a material having a coefficient of friction of about 0.5 or lower.
4. The downhole tool of claim 3, wherein the anti-balling material comprises a material having a coefficient of friction of about 0.2 or lower.
5. The downhole tool of claim 1, wherein the anti-balling material comprises a layer of the anti-balling material disposed on the at least a portion of the surface comprising the pattern.
6. The downhole tool of claim 5, wherein the layer of the anti-balling material has an average thickness of at least about 0.254 mm (about 0.010 in).
7. The downhole tool of claim 1, wherein the topographical pattern comprises a plurality of discrete, laterally isolated protrusions or recesses.
8. The downhole tool of claim 7, wherein the discrete, laterally isolated protrusions or recesses of the plurality of discrete, laterally isolated protrusions or recesses are disposed in an ordered array.
9. The downhole tool of claim 1, further comprising an insert comprising the anti-balling material, wherein the insert is disposed at least partially within a recess.
10. A downhole tool, comprising:
a body having a surface;
at least one porous mass over the surface of the body; and
an anti-balling material disposed over the at least one porous mass, the anti-balling material having a composition selected to reduce accumulation of formation cuttings thereon when the downhole tool is used to form or service a wellbore.
11. The downhole tool of claim 10, wherein the at least one porous mass comprises a spray-deposited material.
12. The downhole tool of claim 10, wherein the body comprises tungsten carbide and the at least one porous mass comprises nickel aluminide.
13. The downhole tool of claim 10, wherein the anti-balling material comprises a fluoropolymer, a metal, a metal alloy, a ceramic, diamond, diamond-like carbon, graphite, molybdenum disulfide, boron nitride, or silicone.
14. The downhole tool of claim 10, wherein at least a portion of the anti-balling material is infiltrated into pores of the at least one porous mass.
15. The downhole tool of claim 10, wherein the anti-balling material comprises a layer of the anti-balling material disposed on the at least one porous mass.
16. The downhole tool of claim 15, wherein the layer of the anti-balling material has an average thickness of at least about 0.0254 mm (about 0.001 in).
17. The downhole tool of claim 10, wherein the at least one porous mass comprises a plurality of discrete, laterally isolated porous deposits defining a topographical pattern on the surface of the body.
18. The downhole tool of claim 17, wherein porous deposits of the plurality of discrete, laterally isolated porous deposits are disposed in an ordered array.
19. A method of forming a downhole tool, comprising:
forming at least one of a recess extending into a body of the downhole tool and a protrusion protruding from the body of the downhole tool, the downhole tool comprising a surface that extends into or over the recess or protrusion;
providing an anti-balling material over at least a portion of the surface; and
selecting the anti-balling material to have a composition for reducing accumulation of formation cuttings thereon when the downhole tool is used to form or service a wellbore.
20. The method of claim 19, wherein forming at least one of a recess extending into a body of the downhole tool and a protrusion protruding from a body of the downhole tool comprises:
providing at least one of a plurality of template recesses and a plurality of template protrusions on a surface within a mold cavity having a shape configured to define at least a portion of the body of the downhole tool; and
casting the at least a portion of the body of the downhole tool within the mold cavity.
21. The method of claim 20, wherein providing the at least one of a plurality of template recesses and a plurality of template protrusions on the surface within the mold cavity comprises:
forming the at least one of a plurality of template recesses and a plurality of template protrusions on a displacement member; and
placing the displacement member within the mold cavity prior to casting the at least a portion of the body of the downhole tool within the mold cavity.
22. The method of claim 21, further comprising selecting the displacement member to comprise at least one of a body comprising clay, a body comprising compacted resin-coated sand, and a body comprising graphite.
23. The method of claim 19, wherein providing the anti-balling material over the at least a portion of the surface comprises thermally spraying the anti-balling material over the at least a portion of the surface.
24. The method of claim 19, wherein providing the anti-balling material over the at least a portion of the surface comprises forming a layer of the anti-balling material and adhering the layer of the anti-balling material to the at least a portion of the surface.
25. A method of forming a downhole tool, comprising:
providing a porous mass over a surface of a body of the downhole tool;
providing an anti-balling material over at least a portion of the porous mass; and
selecting the anti-balling material to have a composition for reducing accumulation of formation cuttings thereon when the downhole tool is used to form or service a wellbore.
26. A method of repairing a downhole tool, comprising:
removing an insert from a recess of the downhole tool;
disposing a replacement insert within the recess, the replacement insert having an anti-balling material selected to have a composition for reducing accumulation of formation cuttings thereon when the downhole tool is used to form or service a wellbore; and
attaching the replacement insert to the body of the downhole tool.