1. A process for producing (meth)acrolein or (meth)acrylic acid which sequentially comprises an oxidation reaction step of subjecting a raw gas to gas-phase catalytic oxidation; a reaction gas cooling step of cooling the resultant reaction gas; a low-boiling fraction separation step of separating low-boiling components from the reaction product; a purification step of separating and removing high-boiling components from the reaction product; and a high-boiling fraction decomposition step of decomposing high-boiling components contained in a bottom liquid obtained from the purification step,
said oxidation reaction step comprising a plurality of oxidation reaction steps which are disposed in parallel with each other and operated at the same time.
2. A process according to claim 1, wherein said reaction gas cooling step comprises a plurality of reaction gas cooling steps which are disposed in parallel with each other and operated at the same time.
3. A process according to claim 2, wherein said lowboiling fraction separation step comprises a plurality of low-boiling fraction separation steps which are disposed in parallel with each other and operated at the same time.
4. A process according to claim 3, wherein said low-boiling fraction separation step comprises a first low-boiling fraction separation step and a second low-boiling fraction separation step in which low-boiling components separated in the first low-boiling fraction separation step are different from those separated in the second low-boiling fraction separation step, and said first low-boiling fraction separation step located on a side of reaction gas cooling step comprises a plurality of low-boiling fraction separation steps which are disposed in parallel with each other and operated at the same time.
5. A process according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein when the process is conducted by operating the plural series of steps at the same time, an operation capacity of each of the plural series is not less than 20% of an operation capacity obtained when the process is conducted by operating only a single series of steps.
6. A process according to claim 5, wherein the (meth)acrolein or (meth)acrylic acid obtained in the purification step is recycled to at least one step selected from the first low-boiling fraction separation step, the second low-boiling fraction separation step and the purification step.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A disperse liquid for formation of a sunlight shielding solid, comprising:
antimony tin oxide fine particles dispersed in a solvent, wherein:
a size of a crystallite constituting said fine particles is 4 to 125 nm;
a specific surface area of said fine particles is 5 to 110 m2g;
a dispersed particle size of said fine particles is 130 nm or less: and
in a color of powders containing said antimony tin oxide fine particles according to an L* a* b* color specification system:
L* is 45 to 65,
a* is \u22125 to \u22121, and
b* is \u221211 to \u22121.
2. The disperse liquid according to claim 1, further comprising an inorganic binder andor a resin binder.
3. A sunlight shielding solid, wherein the sunlight shielding solid is formed by using the disperse liquid for formation of the sunlight shielding solid according to claim 2.
4. A sunlight shielding solid, wherein the sunlight shielding solid is formed by using the disperse liquid for formation of the sunlight shielding solid according to claim 1.
5. A transparent substrate for sunlight shielding, wherein the sunlight shielding solid according to claim 4 is formed.
6. The sunlight shielding solid according to claim 4, wherein a film of a silicon oxide, a zirconium oxide, a titanium oxide, or an aluminum oxide is formed on the sunlight shielding solid.
7. The sunlight shielding solid according to claim 6, wherein a solar radiation transmittance in a wavelength band of 300 to 2100 nm is less than 60% and a haze value is less than 1% when a visual light transmittance is 70% or more.
8. A transparent substrate for sunlight shielding, wherein the sunlight shielding solid according to claim 6 is formed.
9. The sunlight shielding solid according to claim 4, wherein a solar radiation transmittance in a wavelength band of 300 to 2100 nm is less than 60% and a haze value is less than 1% when a visual light transmittance is 70% or more.
10. A transparent substrate for sunlight shielding, wherein the sunlight shielding solid according to claim 9 is formed.