1. A composite interbody device, comprising:
a plastic core with superior and inferior surfaces and one or more features for permitting bone growth through the core;
a metallic superior endplate having:
a core interface side comprising a perforated metal sheet and being coupled with the superior surface,
a bone interface side comprising a perforated metal sheet opposite the core interface side for interfacing with bone of an implant site, perforations in the bone interface side forming a plurality of bone interface pores for permitting bone growth therein, and
a central barrier layer between the core interface side and the bone interface side; and
a metallic inferior endplate having:
a core interface side comprising a perforated metal sheet and being coupled with the inferior surface,
a bone interface side comprising a perforated metal sheet opposite the core interface side, for interfacing with bone of an implant site perforations in the bone interface side forming a plurality of bone interface pores for permitting bone growth therein, and
a central barrier layer between the core interface side and the bone interface side; and
a hydroxyapatite coating applied to the bone interface sides of the superior and inferior endplates, for encouraging bone growth onto the endplates;
wherein perforations in the core interface side are larger than the bone interface pores, the core interface perforations permitting molten material of the core to flow into the core interface perforations, to enhance bonding of the core to the superior and inferior endplates, when the core is molded between the endplates; and
wherein the central barrier layer of the superior and inferior endplates prevents the molten core material from flowing through the superior and inferior endplates and into bone growth spaces provided by the bone interface perforations, when the core is injection-molded between the endplates.
2. The device of claim 1, the superior and inferior endplates comprising titanium.
3. The device of claim 1, the core features including a vertically-oriented channel through the core; the inferior and superior endplates each comprising an aperture through the endplate and opening into the vertically-oriented core channel, for permitting vertical bone growth through the interbody device.
4. The device of claim 1, the core interface side of the inferior endplate and the core interface side of the superior endplate further comprising at least one layer of titanium wire mesh; the mesh providing a plurality of additional core interface pores for accepting material from the plastic core to enhance bonding between the core and the superior and inferior endplates.
5. The device of claim 4, the bone interface side of the inferior endplate and the bone interface side of the superior endplate further comprising one or more layers of titanium wire mesh providing additional bone interface side pores; wherein the additional bone interface pores are smaller than the additional core interface pores.
6. The device of claim 5, the bone interface pores being about 600 microns.
7. The device of claim 1, the bone interface side, the core interface side and the central barrier layer of each endplate being diffusion bonded together to form the superior or inferior endplate.
8. The device of claim 1, wherein the superior and inferior endplates are shaped to conform to one or both of (a) a shape of the core, and (b) a shape of a bony contact surface at an implant site.
9. The device of claim 1, wherein a shape of the assembled device is selected from the group of a kidney-bean shape, a cylinder and a bullet shape.
10. The device of claim 1, the assembled interbody device being shaped as a cylinder and having threading along at least a portion of its outer surface, for facilitating screw-type insertion of the device into an implant cavity.
11. The device of claim 1, the superior and inferior endplates each comprising a solid sheet of titanium forming the central barrier layer between the bone interface side and the core interface side; the bone interface side and the core interface side of each endplate comprising micro-porous or micro-etched titanium layered or formed on opposing sides of the central barrier layer.
12. A composite interbody device, comprising:
a superior endplate having:
a hydroxyapatite-coated bone interface side for contacting bone of an implant site the bone interface side comprising at least one layer of titanium mesh, wherein openings in the mesh provide bone interface pores; the hydroxyapatite coating encouraging bone growth onto the bone interface side, pores of the bone interface side permitting bone growth into the bone interface side;
a core interface side opposite the bone interface side and comprising at least one layer of titanium mesh, wherein openings in the mesh provide core interface pores;
a central barrier layer formed of a solid sheet of titanium between the core interface side and the bone interface side; and
at least one aperture through the superior endplate;
an inferior endplate having:
a hydroxyapatite-coated bone interface side for contacting bone of the implant site, the bone interface side comprising at least one layer of titanium mesh, wherein openings in the mesh provide bone interface pores; the hydroxyapatite coating encouraging bone growth onto the inferior endplate bone interface side; pores of the inferior endplate bone interface side permitting bone growth into the inferior endplate bone interface side;
a core interface side opposite the bone interface side and comprising at least one layer of titanium mesh, wherein openings in the mesh provide core interface pores;
a central barrier layer formed of a solid sheet of titanium between the core interface side and the bone interface side; and
at least one aperture through the inferior endplate; and
a plastic core between the superior and inferior endplates and having:
a superior surface bonded with and penetrating the pores of the superior endplate core interface side;
an inferior surface bonded with and penetrating the pores of the inferior endplate core interface side; and
at least one channel through the core and aligned with the superior endplate aperture at the superior core surface and with the inferior endplate aperture at the inferior core surface, for permitting bone growth through the composite interbody device;
wherein the bone interface pores of the superior and inferior endplates are smaller than the core interface pores of the superior and inferior endplates, to optimize the bone interface pores for bone in-growth while reducing flow restriction on the core interface side, to facilitate flow of the core material into the core interface pores; the central barrier layer preventing the core material from flowing into and obstructing the bone interface pores.
13. The device of claim 12,
the bone interface side of the superior endplate and the inferior endplate comprising at least one layer of perforated titanium, wherein perforations in the metal provide additional bone interface pores;
the core interface side of the superior endplate and the inferior endplate comprising at least one layer of perforated titanium, wherein perforations in the titanium provide additional core interface pores; and
wherein the additional bone interface pores are smaller than the additional core interface pores, to optimize the bone interface pores for bone in-growth while reducing flow restriction on the core interface side, to facilitate flow of the core material into the core interface pores; the central barrier layer preventing the core material from flowing into and obstructing the bone interface pores.
14. The device of claim 12, wherein the core interface sides of the superior endplate and the inferior endplate comprise micro-porous or micro-etched titanium layered or formed on a first side of the solid sheet of titanium, and the bone interface side of the superior endplate and the inferior endplate comprise micro-porous or micro-etched titanium layered of formed on a second side of the solid sheet of titanium.
15. A composite interbody device, comprising:
a plastic core with superior and inferior surfaces and one or more features for permitting bone growth through the core;
a superior endplate including a core interface side configured with the superior core surface and a bone interface side opposite the core interface side for interfacing with bone of an implant site; the bone interface side being coated with hydroxyapatite and having a plurality of micro-machined surface features for increasing the bone interface side surface area, to enhance bonding between bone and the bone interface side;
an inferior endplate including a core interface side configured with the inferior core surface and a bone interface side opposite the core interface side, for interfacing with bone of an implant site; the bone interface side being coated with hydroxyapatite and having a plurality of micro-machined surface features for increasing the bone interface side surface area to enhance bonding between bone and the bone interface side;
wherein the device is shaped as a cylinder and the micro machined surface features include threading, for facilitating screw-type insertion of the device into an implant cavity.
16. The device of claim 12, wherein a shape of the assembled device is selected from the group of a kidney-bean shape, a cylinder and a bullet shape.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method for providing a control of at least one media channel in a communication network, the method comprising:
receiving, by a processor, a request from a first media endpoint device for closing the at least one media channel to a second media endpoint device wherein the request contains a descriptor of the first media endpoint device;
updating, by the processor, a state of a slot and a state of a link in response to the request, wherein the slot comprises an object that corresponds to a potential tunnel endpoint, wherein the link comprises an object that controls the slot;
recording, by the processor, a current state of the slot for supporting the at least one media channel;
recording, by the processor, the descriptor of the first media endpoint device as a most recent descriptor for the slot supporting the at least one media channel; and
executing, by the processor, the object of the link in response to the request for closing the at least one media channel.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the descriptor for the slot is the most recent descriptor received in a close signal from the first media endpoint device.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the descriptor for the slot is the most recent descriptor received in a closeack signal from the first media endpoint device.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the descriptor for the slot is the most recent descriptor received in a describe signal from the first media endpoint device.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the communication network is an internet protocol network.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one media channel is a bi-directional media channel, and where each direction of the bi-directional media channel is controlled independently.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the response to the request comprises an close acknowledgement.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is performed by a feature box, wherein each of: the feature box, the first media endpoint device, and the second media endpoint device is representative of an endpoint for a signaling channel.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein each of the first media endpoint device and the second media endpoint device for the signaling channel is capable of initiating or accepting the request.
10. The method of claim 8, wherein each of the first media endpoint device and the second media endpoint device for the signaling channel is in one of: a vacant state, an opened state, an opening state, a flowing state, or a closing state.
11. The method of claim 8,
wherein the at least one media channel comprises a plurality of media channels; and
wherein each of: the feature box, the first media endpoint device, and the second media endpoint device has an ability to control the media channels to the second media endpoint device.
12. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a plurality of instructions which, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform operations for providing a control of at least one media channel in a communication network, the operations comprising:
receiving a request from a first media endpoint device for closing the at least one media channel to a second media endpoint device wherein the request contains a descriptor of the first media endpoint device;
updating a state of a slot and a state of a link in response to the request, wherein the slot comprises an object that corresponds to a potential tunnel endpoint, wherein the link comprises an object that controls the slot;
recording a current state of the slot for supporting the at least one media channel;
recording the descriptor of the first media endpoint device as a most recent descriptor for the slot supporting the at least one media channel; and
executing the object of the link in response to the request for closing the at least one media channel.
13. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 12, wherein the descriptor for the slot is the most recent descriptor received in a close, closeack, or describe signal from the first media endpoint device.
14. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 12, wherein the communication network is an internet protocol network.
15. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 12, wherein the at least one media channel is a bi-directional media channel, and where each direction of the bi-directional media channel is controlled independently.
16. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 12, wherein the response to the request comprises a close acknowledgement.
17. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 12, wherein the operations are performed by a feature box, wherein each of: the feature box, the first media endpoint device, and the second media endpoint device is representative of an endpoint for a signaling channel.
18. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 17, wherein each of the first media endpoint device and the second media endpoint device for the signaling channel is capable of initiating or accepting the request.
19. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 17, wherein each of the first media endpoint device and the second media endpoint device for the signaling channel is in one of: a vacant state, an opened state, an opening state, a flowing state, or a closing state.
20. An apparatus for providing a control of at least one media channel in a communication network, the apparatus comprising:
a processor; and
a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a plurality of instructions which, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform operations, the operations comprising:
receiving a request from a first media endpoint device for closing the at least one media channel to a second media endpoint device wherein the request contains a descriptor of the first media endpoint device;
updating a state of a slot and a state of a link in response to the request, wherein the slot comprises an object that corresponds to a potential tunnel endpoint, wherein the link comprises an object that controls the slot;
recording a current state of the slot for supporting the at least one media channel;
recording the descriptor of the first media endpoint device as a most recent descriptor for the slot supporting the at least one media channel; and
executing a link the object of the link in response to the request for closing the at least one media channel.