What is claimed:
1. Gas exchange valve control assembly for internal combustion engines with an electromagnetic actuator equipped with gas springs, comprising:
an armature drive-connected to a gas exchange valve, and arranged to oscillate between stroke-separated switching magnets against reset forces of gas springs, and
gas springs, being separated by the armature which serves as the separating piston, said gas springs serving to adjust adapted spring characteristics by gas metering valves and gas outlet valves which are controlled as a function of load areas of an internal combustion engine,
said gas springs also serving to damp a stop of the armature on a respective switching magnet,
wherein the armature is designed so as to separate the gas springs without any sliding seal,
wherein, in a respective holding position on a switching magnet, the armature defines a damping chamber by means of an intercalated elastomeric element,
wherein each switching magnet exhibits a coil in a laminated core which is centrosymmetrical relative to a guide shaft of the armature of the gas exchange valve,
wherein each core is designed on an outer periphery flush with a coil, arranged in a peripheral groove bordering the armature-sided face, so as to rest planarly against a yoke which encloses the switching magnets including an armature stroke space, and
wherein said yoke carries essentially in the center between the switching magnets a mechanism which brings about an increased acceleration force at the armature in the respective holding position.
2. Gas exchange valve control assembly as claimed in claim 1,
wherein the mechanism is part of the yoke, which is made of a magnetizable material having low hysteresis and which encloses with free passage to the armature an inwardly pointing projection on a cylindrical switching magnet,
wherein the projection with its free inside peripheral area and flush adjoining, non-magnetizable cover rings to both switching magnets defines the armature stroke space, enclosing the gas springs, and
wherein the inside peripheral area serves as an inletoutlet area of the magnetic lines in the vicinity of the armature.
3. Gas exchange valve control assembly as claimed in claim 2,
wherein the wall thickness of the yoke, designed as a cylindrical housing, is chosen as a segment of a magnetic circuit in accordance with the magnetic line density in the centrosymmetrically laminated cores, and
wherein the projection exhibits a thickness, equivalent to the yoke wall thickness.
4. Gas exchange valve control assembly as claimed in claim 2, wherein the yoke is made of a ferromagnetic material, and
wherein cover rings, provided on both sides of the projection, are made of a non-magnetizable light metal connection.
5. Gas exchange valve control assembly as claimed in claim 3, wherein the yoke is made of a ferromagnetic material, and
wherein cover rings, provided on both sides of the projection, are made of a non-magnetizable light metal connection.
6. Gas exchange valve control assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein each switching magnet is assigned a face plate on the coil side, which faceplate is arranged gas tight in the housing-like yoke, and
wherein the faceplate carries the elastomeric element in an armature-sided groove and forms with a concentric depression a section of the damping chamber.
7. Gas exchange valve control assembly as claimed in claim 2, wherein each switching magnet is assigned a face plate on the coil side, which faceplate is arranged gas tight in the housing-like yoke, and
wherein the faceplate carries the elastomeric element in an armature-sided groove and forms with a concentric depression a section of the damping chamber.
8. Gas exchange valve control assembly as claimed in claim 3, wherein each switching magnet is assigned a face plate on the coil side, which faceplate is arranged gas tight in the housing-like yoke, and p1 wherein the faceplate carries the elastomeric element in an armature-sided groove and forms with a concentric depression a section of the damping chamber.
9. Gas exchange valve control assembly as claimed in claim 4, wherein each switching magnet is assigned a face plate on the coil side, which faceplate is arranged gas tight in the housing-like yoke, and
wherein the faceplate carries the elastomeric element in an armature-sided groove and forms with a concentric depression a section of the damping chamber.
10. Gas exchange valve control assembly as claimed in claim 5, wherein each switching magnet is assigned a face plate on the coil side, which faceplate is arranged gas tight in the housing-like yoke, and
wherein the faceplate carries the elastomeric element in an armature-sided groove and forms with a concentric depression a section of the damping chamber.
11. An electromagnetic actuator for controlling movement of a gas exchange valve of an internal combustion engine, comprising:
an armature connected to move with the gas exchange valve,
a yoke surrounding the armature,
first and second switching magnets disposed in the yoke and facing one another to form an armature stroke space accommodating the armature, and
gas springs in the yoke and operable to adjust spring forces acting on the armature during movement thereof,
wherein the switching magnets are operable to move the armature in the stroke space between respective holding positions adjacent respective areas of the switching magnets, elastomeric elements being provided between the armature and a respective switching magnet to form a damping chamber between the armature and respective switching magnet when in a holding position,
wherein the armature is configured to separate the gas springs without any sliding seal, and
wherein the yoke includes a mechanism disposed between the switching magnets which effects an increased acceleration force at the armature when in or near a respective holding position.
12. An electromagnetic actuator according to claim 11, wherein the first and second switching magnets are centrosymmetrical relative to a guide shaft of the armature.
13. An electromagnetic actuator according to claim 12, wherein each switching magnet exhibits a coil in a laminated core.
14. An electromagnetic actuator according to claim 13,
wherein the mechanism is part of the yoke, which is made of a magnetizable material having low hysteresis and which encloses with free passage to the armature an inwardly pointing projection on a cylindrical switching magnet,
wherein the projection with its free inside peripheral area and flush adjoining, non-magnetizable cover rings to both switching magnets defines the armature stroke space, enclosing the gas springs, and
wherein the inside peripheral area serves as an inletoutlet area of the magnetic lines in the vicinity of the armature.
15. An electromagnetic actuator according to claim 14,
wherein the wall thickness of the yoke, designed as a cylindrical housing, is chosen as a segment of a magnetic circuit in accordance with the magnetic line density in the centrosymmetrically laminated cores, and
wherein the projection exhibits a thickness, equivalent to the yoke wall thickness.
16. An electromagnetic actuator according to claim 15, wherein the yoke is made of a ferromagnetic material, and
wherein cover rings, provided on both sides of the projection, are made of a non-magnetizable light metal connection.
17. An electromagnetic actuator according to claim 16, wherein each switching magnet is assigned a face plate on the coil side, which faceplate is arranged gas tight in the housing-like yoke, and
wherein the faceplate carries the elastomeric element in an armature-sided groove and forms with a concentric depression a section of the damping chamber.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. Compositions comprising by weight per unit dose:
a) benzophenanthridine alkaloids from 0.5 mg to 10 mg;
b) benzofuran compounds of formula
from 5 mg to 25 mg,
where R may be hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl chain with 2 to 6 carbon atoms, or an alkyl chain substituted by amino, nitro groups; and
c) catechin polyphenols from 10 mg to 100 mg.
2. Compositions as claimed in claim 1, further comprising the benzofuran compounds or benzofuran-containing extracts wherein the benzophenanthridine alkaloids are selected from sanguinarine andor chelerythrine andor derivatives thereof, and wherein the catechin polyphenols are monomeric or oligomeric.
3. Compositions as claimed in claim 2, wherein by weight per unit dose:
a) benzophenanthridine alkaloids are present from 2.5 to 5 mg;
b) benzofuran compounds are present from 3 to 10 mg; and
c) polyphenol compounds are present from 40 to 50 mg.
4. Compositions as claimed in claim 2, wherein the benzophenanthridine alkaloids sanguinarine and chelerythrine are present in the free or salified form, in substantially pure form or as extracts of Sanguinaria canadensis, Macleaya cordata or Macleaya macrocarpa.
5. Compositions as claimed in claim 4, wherein the benzophenanthridine alkaloids are salified with luteic acid.
6. Compositions as claimed in claim 1, wherein the benzofuran compounds of formula 1 are present as benzofuran-containing extracts.
7. Compositions as claimed in claim 6, wherein the benzofuran-containing extracts are extracts of Krameria triandra, Eupomatia laurina and Piper sp.
8. Compositions as claimed in claim 1, wherein the polyphenol compounds are monomer units such as catechin, epicatechin and gallocatechin and its gallic esters at the C3 hydroxyl, or oligomer units.
9. Compositions as claimed in claim 8, wherein the polyphenol compounds are extracts of seeds or aerial parts of Vitis vinifera, Aesculus hippocastanum, Camellia sinensis or Theobroma cacao.
10. Formulations as claimed in claim 1, in the form of melt-in-the-mouth tablets, mouthwashes, gels to be dispersed in the oral cavity, or chewing gums.
11. Method of treatment of disorders of the oral cavity comprising preparing oral formulations for oral hygiene comprising an effective amount of
a) benzophenanthridine alkaloids;
b) benzofuran compounds; and
c) catechin polyphenols; and
administering said formulations to a patient in need thereof and treating said patients wherein said effective amount comprises by weight per unit dose from about 0.5 mg to 10 mg of benzophenathridine alkaloids, from 5 mg to 25 mg of benzofuran compounds and from 10 mg to 100 mg of polyphenols.
12. The method as claimed in claim 11, wherein the disorders of the oral cavity are pathological forms associated with the dentition, implants or complications of surgery of the oral cavity.