1. A polishing device for polishing a workpiece surface, comprising:
a polishing member having a needle member, wherein
polishing of the workpiece surface is performed by bringing the needle member into contact with the workpiece surface and causing the needle member to vibrate.
2. The polishing device according to claim 1, wherein the polishing is performed while supplying a working fluid which reacts with the workpiece surface to the workpiece surface.
3. The polishing device according to claim 2, wherein the working fluid contains no abrasive grains.
4. The polishing device according to claim 1, wherein the polishing member is disposed such that the needle member faces the workpiece surface, and is caused to vibrate in the direction almost parallel to the workpiece surface.
5. The polishing device according to claim 1, wherein the polishing member is constructed by connecting a plurality of blocks having the needle member.
6. The polishing device according to claim 5, wherein:
the blocks are connected such that when the polishing member is disposed to face the workpiece surface, the needle member is disposed on the workpiece surface side; and
the blocks are constructed freely movably such that each position of the blocks in the direction being separated from and brought into contact with the workpiece surface can be adjusted in a state where the blocks are connected.
7. The polishing device according to claim 5, wherein the blocks are constructed such that each pressing force of the blocks against the workpiece surface can be controlled.
8. The polishing device according to claim 5, wherein the block has a working fluid supplying port for supplying to the workpiece surface a working fluid which reacts with the workpiece surface.
9. The polishing device according to claim 1, further comprising a holding section for fixing and holding the workpiece.
10. The polishing device according to claim 1, wherein the needle member is made of carbon nanotubes.
11. The polishing device according to claim 1, wherein a tip of the needle member is formed into a spherical shape.
12. The polishing device according to claim 1, wherein the needle member has a tube capable of flowing a working fluid which reacts with the workpiece surface to the workpiece surface, and a sphere rotatably provided on a tip of the tube.
13. A polishing method for polishing a workpiece surface, comprising:
polishing, using a polishing member having a needle member, the workpiece surface by bringing the needle member into contact with the workpiece surface and causing the needle member to vibrate.
14. The method according to claim 13, wherein the polishing is performed while supplying a working fluid which reacts with the workpiece surface to the workpiece surface.
15. The method according to claim 14, wherein the working fluid contains no abrasive grains.
16. The method according to claim 13, wherein the polishing is performed by causing the needle member to vibrate in the direction almost parallel to the workpiece surface.
17. The method according to claim 13, wherein:
the polishing member is constructed by connecting a plurality of blocks having the needle member; and
each position of the blocks in the direction being separated from and brought into contact with the workpiece surface is adjusted to perform the polishing on an area to be polished.
18. The method according to claim 13, wherein:
the polishing member is constructed by connecting a plurality of blocks having the needle member; and
each pressing force of the blocks against the workpiece surface is controlled to perform the polishing on an area to be polished.
19. The method according to claim 13, wherein the polishing is performed by fixing the workpiece.
20. The method according to claim 13, wherein the needle member is made of carbon nanotubes.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
What is claimed is:
1. A liquid crystal display device comprising:
a first substrate and a second substrate;
a first alignment-treated electrode on the first substrate;
a second alignment-treated electrode on the second substrate; and
a liquid crystal layer between the first substrate and the second substrate.
2. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a plurality of gate lines arranged in a first direction on the first substrate and spaced apart by a predetermined distance from each other;
a plurality of date lines arranged in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction on the first substrate and spaced apart by a predetermined distance from each other; and
a plurality of thin film transistors at crossing points of the plurality of date lines and the plurality of gate lines.
3. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 2, wherein each of the thin film transistors comprises a gate electrode, a source electrode, a drain electrode and an active layer.
4. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein each of the first electrode and the second electrode has a surface, which is alignment-treated by ion beam irradiation.
5. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the first electrode is a pixel electrode and the second electrode is a common electrode.
6. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the first electrode and the second electrode are formed of one of ITO and IZO.
7. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, further comprising a color filter layer and a black matrix layer on the second substrate.
8. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal layer directly contacts the electrodes on the first and second substrates.
9. A method of fabricating a liquid crystal display device, the method comprising:
forming a thin film transistor and a first electrode on a first substrate;
forming a black matrix layer, a color filter layer and a second electrode on a second substrate; and
producing an alignment direction on the first and second substrates by irradiating an ion beam onto the first and second electrodes.
10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the producing the alignment direction on the first and second substrates comprises:
arranging and fixing the first and second substrates at a predetermined angle with respect to an ion beam irradiation apparatus; and
producing an alignment direction on the first and second substrates by irradiating an ion beam onto the first and second electrodes at the ion beam irradiation apparatus.
11. The method according to claim 9, wherein the alignment direction on the first and second substrates is produced without rubbing any layer on either the first or second substrates.
12. A liquid crystal display device comprising:
a first substrate and a second substrate;
a first alignment-treated electrode and a second alignment-treated electrode on the first substrate;
an alignment-treated overcoat layer on the second substrate; and
a liquid crystal layer between the first substrate and the second substrate.
13. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 12, wherein the first electrode is a pixel electrode and the second electrode is a common electrode.
14. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 12, wherein the first electrode and the second electrode are formed of one of ITO and IZO.
15. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 12, wherein the liquid crystal layer directly contacts the first and second electrodes on the first substrate and the overcoat layer on the second substrate.
16. A method of fabricating a liquid crystal display device, the method comprising:
forming a first electrode and a second electrode on a first substrate;
forming a color filter layer and a black matrix layer on a second substrate;
producing an alignment direction on the first substrate by irradiating an ion beam onto the first substrate; and
forming a liquid crystal layer between the first substrate and the second substrate.
17. The method according to claim 16, wherein the producing the alignment direction on the first substrate comprises:
arranging and fixing the first substrate at a predetermined angle with respect to an ion beam irradiation apparatus; and
producing the alignment direction on the first substrate by irradiating an ion beam onto the first substrate using the ion beam irradiation apparatus.
18. The method according to claim 17, further comprising:
forming an overcoat layer on the color filter layer; and
producing an alignment direction on the overcoat layer by irradiating the ion beam onto the overcoat layer.
19. The method according to claim 16, wherein the overcoat layer is formed of one of an organic material and an inorganic material.
20. The method according to claim 16, wherein the alignment direction on the first and second substrates is produced without rubbing any layer on either the first or second substrates.
21. A liquid crystal display device comprising:
a first substrate and a second substrate;
a plurality of layers on each of the first and second substrate, each plurality of layers having an alignment layer; and
a liquid crystal layer between the alignment layers of the first and second substrates,
wherein at least a portion of one or more of the alignment layers is formed from a conductive material.
22. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 21, wherein at least a portion of the alignment layer opposing the alignment layer containing the conductive portion is formed from a non-conductive material.
23. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 22, wherein the non-conductive portion of the alignment layer passivates an underlying layer.
24. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 21, wherein the alignment layer opposing the alignment layer containing the conductive portion has at least a section formed from a conductive material.
25. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 21, wherein on at least one of the first and second substrates, at least portions of multiple layers align the liquid crystal layer.
26. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 25, wherein the multiple layers include a conductive layer and a non-conductive layer.
27. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 26, wherein the conductive layer of the multiple layers includes a set of conductors having different potentials.
28. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 26, wherein the non-conductive layer of the multiple layers passivates an underlying layer.
29. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 26, wherein the conductive layer of the multiple layers is formed on the non-conductive layer of the multiple layers such that the portions of the non-conductive layer of the multiple layers do not substantially overlap the portions of the conductive layer of the multiple layers.
30. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 21, wherein the alignment layers are formed from ion beam-irradiated materials.
31. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 21, wherein the alignment layers are uncoated by any solvent.