1. A glucose monitoring system for monitoring a glucose level in a user, comprising:
(a) a continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) device configured to monitor glucose levels in the user’s interstitial fluids and to generate a CGM time series representative thereof;
(b) a blood glucose (BG) data source configured to generate BG references representative of the user’s blood glucose levels at discrete time intervals;
(c) a data preprocessing module, responsive to the CGM time series and to the blood glucose data, configured to detect outliers and artifacts in both the CGM time series and the BG references and configured to generate a preprocessed CGM signal corresponding to the CGM time series from which any outliers and artifacts are discarded and to generate a preprocessed BG signal corresponding to the BG references from which any outliers and artifacts are discarded;
(d) a retrospective CGM calibration module, responsive to the preprocessed CGM signal and the preprocessed BG signal, configured to perform a retrospective calibration of the preprocessed CGM signal to compensate for systematic underestimation and overestimation of CGM time series with respect to reference BG values due to: blood-to-interstitial glucose kinetics, sensor drift, errors in CGM sensor calibration, and changes in sensor sensitivity, the retrospective CGM calibration module also configured to generate a retrospectively calibrated CGM signal representative thereof by rescaling the calibrated CGM signal so as to stay within a confidence interval of the BG values; and
(e) a constrained inverse problem solver module, responsive to the retrospectively calibrated CGM signal, configured deconvolute the retrospectively calibrated CGM signal based on a model of blood-to-interstitial glucose kinetics, and configured to generate a retrofitted glucose concentration profile with a predetermined confidence interval.
2. The glucose monitoring system of claim 1, wherein the data preprocessing module is also responsive to other selected relevant inputs.
3. The glucose monitoring system of claim 2, wherein the other selected relevant inputs are selected from a group consisting of: data regarding meals consumed, data regarding treatment taken for hypoglycemia, data regarding drugs taken, data regarding physical activity, and data regarding stress.
4. The glucose monitoring system of claim 1, wherein the retrospective CGM calibration module is also responsive to other selected relevant inputs.
5. The glucose monitoring system of claim 4, wherein the other selected relevant inputs are selected from a group consisting of: data regarding meals consumed, data regarding treatment taken for hypoglycemia, data regarding drugs taken, data regarding physical activity, and data regarding stress.
6. The glucose monitoring system of claim 1, wherein the retrospective CGM calibration module is also responsive to: a CGM driftdegradation model and a priori information on model parameters.
7. The glucose monitoring system of claim 1, wherein the retrospective CGM calibration module is also responsive to a blood-to-interstitial glucose kinetics model.
8. The glucose monitoring system of claim 1, wherein the constrained inverse problem solver module is also responsive to other selected relevant inputs.
9. The glucose monitoring system of claim 8, wherein the other selected relevant inputs are selected from a group consisting of: data regarding meals consumed, data regarding treatment taken for hypoglycemia, data regarding drugs taken, data regarding physical activity, and data regarding stress.
10. The glucose monitoring system of claim 1, wherein the constrained inverse problem solver module is also responsive to a blood-to-interstitial glucose kinetics model.
11. A method for monitoring a glucose level in a user, comprising the steps of:
(a) continuously monitoring glucose levels in the user’s interstitial fluids and to generating a continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) time series representative thereof;
(b) generating blood glucose (BG) references representative of the user’s blood glucose levels at discrete time intervals;
(c) detecting outliers and artifacts in both the CGM time series and the BG references and generating a preprocessed CGM signal corresponding to the CGM time series from which any outliers and artifacts are discarded and generating a preprocessed BG signal corresponding to the BG references from which any outliers and artifacts are discarded;
(d) performing a retrospective calibration of the preprocessed CGM signal, employing the preprocessed BG signal, thereby compensating for systematic underestimation and overestimation of CGM time series with respect to reference BG values due to: blood-to-interstitial glucose kinetics, sensor drift, errors in CGM sensor calibration, and changes in sensor sensitivity, the retrospective CGM calibration module and generating a retrospectively calibrated CGM signal representative thereof by rescaling the calibrated CGM signal so as to stay within a confidence interval of the BG values; and
(e) deconvoluting the retrospectively calibrated CGM signal based on a model of blood-to-interstitial glucose kinetics, and thereby generating a retrofitted glucose concentration profile with a predetermined confidence interval.
12. The method for monitoring a glucose level in a user of claim 11, further comprising the step of employing other selected relevant inputs in the step of detecting outliers and artifacts.
13. The method for monitoring a glucose level in a user of claim 12, wherein the other selected relevant inputs are selected from a group consisting of: data regarding meals consumed, data regarding treatment taken for hypoglycemia, data regarding drugs taken, data regarding physical activity, and data regarding stress.
14. The method for monitoring a glucose level in a user of claim 11, further comprising the step of employing other selected relevant inputs in the step of performing a retrospective calibration.
15. The method for monitoring a glucose level in a user of claim 14, wherein the other selected relevant inputs are selected from a group consisting of: data regarding meals consumed, data regarding treatment taken for hypoglycemia, data regarding drugs taken, data regarding physical activity, and data regarding stress.
16. The method for monitoring a glucose level in a user of claim 11, further comprising the step of employing a CGM driftdegradation model and a priori information on model parameters in performing the step of performing a retrospective calibration.
17. The method for monitoring a glucose level in a user of claim 11, further comprising the step of employing a blood-to-interstitial glucose kinetics model in performing the step of performing a retrospective calibration.
18. The method for monitoring a glucose level in a user of claim 11, further comprising the step of employing other selected relevant inputs in the step of deconvoluting the retrospectively calibrated CGM signal.
19. The method for monitoring a glucose level in a user of claim 18, wherein the other selected relevant inputs are selected from a group consisting of: data regarding meals consumed, data regarding treatment taken for hypoglycemia, data regarding drugs taken, data regarding physical activity, and data regarding stress.
20. The method for monitoring a glucose level in a user of claim 11, further comprising the step of employing a blood-to-interstitial glucose kinetics model in the performing the step of deconvoluting the retrospectively calibrated CGM signal.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A filter, comprising:
a multilayer optical film (MOF) having a first reflection band, the MOF including distorted portions, the distorted portions having a second reflection band different from the first reflection band;
a transparent outer layer disposed on a first side of the MOF; and
an IR blocking material residing on the MOF and between the transparent outer layer and the MOF, wherein the IR blocking material is selectively disposed in the distorted portions.
2. The filter of claim 1, wherein the filter transmits visible light.
3. The filter of claim 1, wherein the filter substantially blocks infrared light.
4. The filter of claim 1, wherein the first reflection band is an infrared reflection band.
5. The filter of claim 1, wherein the first reflection band is one of a plurality of reflection bands.
6. The filter of claim 1, wherein the transparent outer layer consists essentially of PVC.
7. The filter of claim 1, further comprising a second outer layer disposed on a second side of the MOF opposite from the first side.
8. The filter of claim 7, wherein the second outer layers is opaque.
9. The filter of claim 7, wherein the second outer layer consists essentially of PVC.
10. The filter of claim 7, wherein the filter is flat in the distorted portions.
11. A visible light transmissive card comprising the filter of claim 1.
12. A method of producing a filter, comprising the steps of:
providing a multilayer optical film (MOF) having a first reflection band;
distorting portions of the MOF, the distorted portions having a second reflection band, different from the first reflection band; and
transferring a layer of IR blocking material to the distorted portions of the MOF.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein the transferring step includes transferring opaque ink to the distorted portions of the MOF.
14. The method of claim 12, wherein the adding transferring includes printing digitally opaque material on the distorted portions of the MOF.
15. The method of claim 12, wherein the transferring step includes painting digitally opaque material on the distorted portions of the MOF.
16. The method of claim 12, further comprising a step of laminating the MOF with the layer of IR blocking material in the distorted portions between two outer plastic layers.
17. The method of claim 12, wherein the distorting step includes embossing the MOF.
18. The method of claim 12, wherein the distorting step includes scribing the MOF.
19. The method of claim 12, wherein the distorting step includes partial slitting of the MOF.