1. A process for producing an organic fertilizer containing organic carbon carriers, the process comprising the following steps:
1) mixing organic matter with water and adding a base to the mixture; and
2) decomposing organic matter with the base in order to extract organic carbon solution having a carbon content of 10 to 20%; and
3) adding propionic acid to the solution containing an extract of organic carbon,
2. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the carbon content of the solution is about 16%.
3. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the organic matter is peat, coal, or animal waste.
4. The process as claimed in claim 3, wherein the organic matter is peat.
5. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein 600-1300 liters of water is added per 100 kg of dry organic matter.
6. The process as claimed in claim 5, wherein from 6 to 14 kg base is added per 100 kg dry organic matter.
7. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein a nutrient or nutrients are added to the solution.
8. The process as claimed in claim 7, wherein the nutrients are a Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium or Ammonium salt, urea andor micro nutrients.
9. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the propionic acid is added to bring the PH of the solution to 6.5-7.
10. The process as claimed in claim 1 or 9, wherein the base is KOH or NaOH.
11. The process as claimed in claim 10, wherein the base is KOH.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A photoactive crosslinking compound having the general formula:
wherein R1 is H or a C1 to C4 alkyl group;
o is 0 to 2;
X1 and X2 are each independently \u2014O\u2014 or \u2014NH\u2014;
R2 is a divalent alkylene of 2 to 10 carbon atoms or \u2014(R3)2C(CH2)m(CO)OR9\u2014, where m is 0 or 1, R3 is H or a C1 to C4 alkyl group, and R9 is a C2-C6 alkylene;
n is 0 or 1,
R7 is H or CH3; and
Z is a photoinitiator group.
2. The photoactive crosslinking compound of claim 1 wherein Z is a hydrogen abstracting moiety derived from an acetophenone, benzophenone, anthraquinone, 9-fluorenone, anthrone, xanthone, thioxanthone, acridone, dibenzosuberone, benzil, or chromone.
3. The photoactive crosslinking compound of claim 1 wherein Z is a hydrogen abstracting type or an \u03b1-cleavage-type photoinitiator group.
4. The photoactive crosslinking compound of claim 1 wherein Z is selected from:
5. The photoactive crosslinking compound of claim 1 wherein Z is derived from a benzophenone, anthraquinone, 9-fluorenone, anthrone, xanthone, thioxanthone, acridone, dibenzosuberone, chromone, flavone, benzyl, and acetophenone compounds having a nucleophilic H\u2014X1\u2014(R2\u2014X2)n\u2014 group thereon, wherein X1 and X2 are each independently\u2014O\u2014 or \u2014NH\u2014; R2 is a divalent alkylene of 2 to 10 carbon atoms or \u2014(R3)2C(CH2)m(CO)OR9\u2014, where m is 0 or 1, R3 is H or a C1 to C4 alkyl group, n is 0 or 1, and R9 is a C2-C6 alkylene.
6. The photoactive crosslinking compound of claim 1 of the formula:
where
R1 is H or a C1 to C4 alkyl group;
o is 0 to 2;
X1 and X2 are independently \u2014O\u2014 or \u2014NH\u2014;
p is 2 to 10, preferably 2 to 6,
n is 0 or 1;
R7 is H or CH3; and
Z is a photoinitiator group.
7. The photoactive crosslinking compound of claim 1 of the formula:
wherein
R1 is H or a C1 to C4 alkyl group;
o is 0 to 2;
R3 is H or CH3;
X2 is \u2014O\u2014 or \u2014NH\u2014;
m is 0 or 1,
R7 is H or CH3; and
Z is a photoinitiator group.
8. The photoactive crosslinking compound of claim 1 wherein Z is selected from:
9. The photoactive crosslinking compound of claim 1 of the formula:
wherein
R1 is H or a C1 to C4 alkyl group;
o is 0 to 2;
R3 is H or CH3;
X2 is \u2014O\u2014 or \u2014NH\u2014;
m is 0 or 1,
R7 is H or CH3; and
Z is a photoinitiator group.
10. A method of making the photoactive crosslinking compound of claim 1 comprising the steps of reacting an aziridine compound of the formula:
with an acryloyl compound of the formula
wherein R1 is H or a C1 to C4 alkyl group and o is 0 to 2;
X1 and X2 are each independently \u2014O\u2014 or \u2014NH\u2014;
R2 is a divalent alkylene of 2 to 10 carbon atoms or \u2014(R3)2C(CH2)m(CO)OR9\u2014, where m is 0 or 1, R3 is H or a C1 to C4 alkyl group, and R9 is a C2-C6 alkylene;
n is 0 or 1,
R7 is H or CH3; and
Z is a photoinitiator group.
11. A crosslinkable composition comprising an acid-functional (meth)acrylate copolymer and a photoactive crosslinking compound of the formula:
wherein R1 is H or a C1 to C4 alkyl group;
o is 0 to 2;
X1 and X2 are each independently \u2014O\u2014 or \u2014NH\u2014;
R2 is a divalent alkylene of 2 to 10 carbon atoms or \u2014(R3)2C(CH2)m(CO)OR9\u2014, where m is 0 or 1, R3 is H or a C1 to C4 alkyl group, and R9 is a C2-C6 alkylene;
n is 0 or 1,
R7 is H or CH3; and
Z is a photoinitiator group.
12. The crosslinkable composition of claim 11 wherein the acid-functional (meth)acrylate copolymer comprises:
i. 85 to 99 parts by weight of an (meth)acrylic acid ester of non-tertiary alcohol;
ii. 1 to 15 parts by weight of an acid functional ethylenically unsaturated monomer;
iii. 0 to 10 parts by weight of a non-acid functional, ethylenically unsaturated polar monomer;
iv. 0 to 5 parts vinyl monomer; and
v. 0 to 5 parts of a multifunctional (meth)acrylate;
based on 100 parts by weight total monomer.
13. The crosslinkable composition of claim 12 comprising 0.005 to 5.0 parts by weight of the photoactive crosslinking compound, relative to 100 parts of the copolymer.
14. The crosslinkable composition of claim 13 wherein said second polar monomer is selected from 2-hydroxyethyl(meth)acrylate; N-vinylpyrrolidone; N-vinylcaprolactam; acrylamide; t-butyl acrylamide; dimethylamino ethyl acrylamide; N-octyl acrylamide; poly(alkoxyalkyl)(meth)acrylates; poly(vinyl methyl ether); and mixtures thereof.
15. The crosslinkable composition of claim 12 wherein said copolymer comprises 1 to 5 parts by weight of acrylic acid and 1 to 5 parts by weight of a polar monomer.
16. The crosslinkable composition of claim 12 wherein said composition is an aqueous emulsion.
17. The crosslinkable composition of claim 12 wherein the acid functional monomer is selected from acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, fumaric acid, crotonic acid, citraconic acid, maleic acid, oleic acid, \u03b2-carboxyethyl(meth)acrylate, 2-sulfoethyl methacrylate, styrene sulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid, vinyl phosphonic acid, and mixtures thereof.
18. The crosslinkable composition of claim 12 comprising 1 to 5 parts of a vinyl monomer selected from vinyl esters, styrene, substituted styrene, vinyl halide, vinyl propionate, and mixtures thereof.
19. The crosslinkable composition of claim 12 with the average number of carbon atoms of the non-tertiary alcohol being from about 4 to about 12.
20. A pressure sensitive adhesive comprising the crosslinked composition of claim 12.
21. The crosslinkable composition of claim 11 wherein said non-tertiary alcohol of said (meth)acrylic acid ester of non-tertiary alcohol is selected from 2-octanol or dihydrocitronellol.
22. An adhesive article comprising the crosslinked composition of claim 20 and a flexible backing layer.
23. An emulsion comprising:
(a) 30 to about 70 weight percent, based on the total weight of the emulsion, of the crosslinkable composition of claim 22, and
(b) 30 to 70 weight percent of an aqueous phase comprising a surfactant, based on the total weight of the emulsion.
24. A solution comprising the crosslinkable composition of claim 11 and an organic solvent.
25. A method of preparing a pressure sensitive adhesive comprising combining;
(a) a copolymer comprising
i. 85 to 99 parts by weight of an (meth)acrylic acid ester of non-tertiary alcohol;
ii. 1 to 15 parts by weight of an acid functional monomer;
iii. 0 to 10 parts by weight of a second, non-acid functional, polar monomer;
iv. 0 to 5 parts vinyl monomer, with
(b) a photoactive crosslinking compound of the formula:
wherein R1 is H or a C1 to C4 alkyl group;
o is 0 to 2;
X1 and X2 are each independently \u2014O\u2014 or \u2014NH\u2014;
R2 is a divalent alkylene of 2 to 10 carbon atoms or \u2014(R3)2C(CH2)m(CO)OR9\u2014, where m is 0 or 1, R3 is H or a C1 to C4 alkyl group, and R9 is a C2-C6 alkylene;
n is 0 or 1,
R7 is H or CH3; and
Z is a photoinitiator group; and
(c) heating the mixture, and
(d) exposing to UV to effect photocrosslinking.
26. Syrup polymer composition comprising:
a) first component solute polymer comprising:
i. 85 to 99 parts by weight of an (meth)acrylic acid ester of non-tertiary alcohol;
ii. 1 to 15 parts by weight of an acid functional monomer;
iii. 0 to 10 parts by weight of a second, non-acid functional, polar monomer;
iv. 0 to 5 parts vinyl monomer, and
b) a second component comprising at least one free-radically polymerizable solvent monomer, and
an aziridine crosslinking compound of the formula:
wherein R1 is H or a C1 to C4 alkyl group;
o is 0 to 2;
X1 and X2 are each independently \u2014O\u2014 or \u2014NH\u2014;
R2 is a divalent alkylene of 2 to 10 carbon atoms or \u2014(R3)2C(CH2)m(CO)OR9\u2014, where m is 0 or 1, R3 is H or a C1 to C4 alkyl group, and R9 is a C2-C6 alkylene;
n is 0 or 1,
R7 is H or CH3; and
Z is a photoinitiator group.