1. A method of discovering leakage in a heat exchanger filled with water, the heat exchanger comprising at least first and second sections each possessing one side and an opposite side, the method comprising:
operating a pump to apply first excess pressure on the one side of the first section in the heat exchanger;
closing a first shut-off valve positioned between the one side of the first section and the one side of the second section, when a first pressure indicator indicates that the pressure on the one side of the first section has reached a first excess pressure, to enclose the first excess pressure on the one side of the first section;
applying second excess pressure on the one side of the second section in the heat exchanger while the first shut-off valve is closed;
closing a second shut-off valve positioned between the one side of the second section and the pump, when a second pressure indicator indicates that the pressure on the one side of the second section has reached a second excess pressure, to enclose the second excess pressure on the one side of the second section;
maintaining pressure on the opposite side of the first section less than the first excess pressure, and maintaining pressure on the opposite side of the second section less than the second excess pressure;
monitoring a pressure difference between the one side and the opposite side of the first section, and monitoring a pressure difference between the one side and the opposite side of the second section; and
using results of the monitoring of the pressure differences to discover a leakage in the heat exchanger.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first excess pressure is approx 6 bar.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first excess pressure is different from the second excess pressure.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first excess pressure is greater than the second excess pressure.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the one side of the first and second sections is a downstream side of the first and second sections where product is led.
6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pressure on the opposite side of the first section is determined by a third pressure indicator, and the pressure on the opposite side of the second section is determined by a fourth pressure indicator.
7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the maintaining of the pressure on the opposite side of the first section and the opposite side of the second section comprises maintaining the same pressure on the opposite side of the first section and the opposite side of the second section.
8. A method of discovering leakage in a heat exchanger filled with water, the heat exchanger comprising at least first and second sections each possessing one side and an opposite side, the method comprising:
applying first excess pressure on the one side of the first section in the heat exchanger;
closing a valve positioned between the one side of the first section and the one side of the second section in the heat exchanger to enclose the first excess pressure on the one side of the first section;
applying second excess pressure on the one side of the second section in the heat exchanger;
closing another valve upstream of the one side of the second section to enclose the second excess pressure on the one side of the second section;
maintaining pressure on the opposite side of the first section less than the first excess pressure, and maintaining pressure on the opposite side of the second section less than the second excess pressure;
monitoring a pressure difference between the one side and the opposite side of the first section, and monitoring a pressure difference between the one side and the opposite side of the second section; and
using results of the monitoring of the pressure differences to discover a leakage in the heat exchanger.
9. The method as claimed in claim 8, wherein the first excess pressure is approx 6 bar.
10. The method as claimed in claim 8, wherein the first excess pressure is different from the second excess pressure.
11. The method as claimed in claim 8, wherein the first excess pressure is greater than the second excess pressure.
12. The method as claimed in claim 8, further comprising a third section possessing one side and an opposite side, and further comprising determining the pressure on the one side of the first section by way of a first pressure indicator, determining the pressure on the opposite side of the first section by way of a second pressure indicator, determining the pressure on the one side of the second section by way of a third pressure indicator, determining the pressure on the opposite side of the second section by way of a fourth pressure indicator, determining the pressure on the one side of the third section by way of a fifth pressure indicator, and determining the pressure on the opposite side of the third section by way of a sixth pressure indicator.
13. The method as claimed in claim 8, wherein the maintaining of the pressure on the opposite side of the first section and the opposite side of the second section comprises maintaining the same pressure on the opposite side of the first section and the opposite side of the second section.
14. A method of discovering leakage in a heat exchanger filled with water, the heat exchanger comprising at least first and second sections each possessing one side and an opposite side, the method comprising:
applying first excess pressure on the one side of the first section in the heat exchanger;
enclosing the first excess pressure on the one side of the first section;
applying second excess pressure on the one side of the second section in the heat exchanger after enclosing the first excess pressure on the one side of the first section;
enclosing the second excess pressure on the one side of the second section;
maintaining pressure on the opposite side of the first section less than the first excess pressure, and maintaining pressure on the opposite side of the second section less than the second excess pressure;
monitoring a pressure difference between the one side and the opposite side of the first section, and monitoring a pressure difference between the one side and the opposite side of the second section; and
using results of the monitoring of the pressure differences to discover a leakage in the heat exchanger.
15. The method as claimed in claim 14, wherein the first excess pressure is approx 6 bar.
16. The method as claimed in claim 14, wherein the first excess pressure is different from the second excess pressure.
17. The method as claimed in claim 14, wherein the first excess pressure is greater than the second excess pressure.
18. The method as claimed in claim 14, further comprising a third section possessing one side and an opposite side, and further comprising determining the pressure on the one side of the first section by way of a first pressure indicator, determining the pressure on the opposite side of the first section by way of a second pressure indicator, determining the pressure on the one side of the second section by way of a third pressure indicator, determining the pressure on the opposite side of the second section by way of a fourth pressure indicator, determining the pressure on the one side of the third section by way of a fifth pressure indicator, and determining the pressure on the opposite side of the third section by way of a sixth pressure indicator.
19. The method as claimed in claim 14, wherein the maintaining of the pressure on the opposite side of the first section and the opposite side of the second section comprises maintaining the same pressure on the opposite side of the first section and the opposite side of the second section.
20. The method as claimed in claim 14, wherein the enclosing of the first excess pressure on the one side of the first section comprises closing a first valve, and the enclosing of the second excess pressure on the one side of the section comprises closing a second valve.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A heads-up display system for displaying a graphic element in view of a user while the user views an environment disposed at a position spaced from the heads-up display system, the heads-up display system comprising:
a projector system comprising a first projector that projects a first graphic element on a dynamic first focal plane in view of the user while the user views the environment, the first focal plane disposed in the environment; and
a controller programmed to determine a first target graphic element position at which the first graphic element is to be displayed, the first target graphic element position being disposed in the environment, and to control the first projector to project the first graphic element on the first focal plane disposed at the first target graphic element position.
2. The heads-up display system according to claim 1, wherein the first focal plane is oriented substantially perpendicularly to a line-of-sight of the user.
3. The heads-up display system according to claim 2, wherein the controller is also programmed to determine a first graphic element size based on the first target graphic element position, and to control the first projector to project the first graphic element on the first focal plane disposed at the determined first target graphic element position, and at the determined first graphic element size.
4. The heads-up display system according to claim 3, wherein the controller is programmed to control the first projector to render the first graphic element in perspective.
5. The heads-up display system according to claim 1, wherein the controller is also programmed to determine a first graphic element size based on the first target graphic element position, and to control the first projector to project the first graphic element on the first focal plane disposed at the determined first target graphic element position, and at the determined first graphic element size.
6. The heads-up display system according to claim 5, wherein the controller is programmed to continuously determine the first target graphic element position and the first graphic element size, and to control the first projector to move the first focal plane on which the first graphic element is displayed and to adjust a size of the displayed first graphic element.
7. The heads-up display system according to claim 1, wherein, in addition to the first projector, the projector system comprises at least one secondary projector that projects a secondary graphic element on a dynamic secondary focal plane in view of the user while the user views the environment, the secondary focal plane disposed in the environment and being different than the first focal plane of the first projector,
wherein the controller is programmed to determine a secondary target graphic element position at which the secondary graphic element is to be displayed, the secondary target graphic element position being disposed in the environment, and to control the secondary projector to project the secondary graphic element on the secondary focal plane disposed at the determined secondary target graphic element position.
8. The heads-up display system according to claim 7, wherein the first focal plane and the secondary focal plane are both oriented substantially perpendicularly to a line-of-sight of the user.
9. The heads-up display system according to claim 8, wherein the controller is programmed to control the first projector and the secondary projector to display a single combined graphic element by determining the first target graphic element position to be near the secondary target graphic element position.
10. The heads-up display system according to claim 7, wherein the controller is also programmed to determine a first graphic element size based on the first target graphic element position, and a secondary graphic element size based on the secondary target graphic element position,
the controller is programmed to control the first projector to project the first graphic element on the first focal plane disposed at the determined first target graphic element position, and at the determined first graphic element size, and
the controller is programmed to control the secondary projector to project the secondary graphic element on the secondary focal plane disposed at the determined secondary target graphic element position, and at the determined secondary graphic element size.
11. The heads-up display system according to claim 10, wherein the projector system comprises a plurality of secondary projectors, and the controller is programmed to independently control each of the secondary projectors.
12. The heads-up display system according to claim 7, wherein, in addition to the first projector and the at least one secondary projector, the projector system further comprises at least one tertiary projector that projects a tertiary graphic element on a static tertiary focal plane disposed in the environment and being different than the first focal plane and the secondary focal plane, the static tertiary focal plane being substantially parallel to a ground surface and disposed at a position that is one of: above a line-of-sight of the user and below the line-of-sight of the user.
13. The heads-up display system according to claim 12, wherein the controller is also programmed to determine a first graphic element size based on the first target graphic element position, and a secondary graphic element size based on the secondary target graphic element position,
the controller is programmed to control the first projector to project the first graphic element on the first focal plane disposed at the determined first target graphic element position, and at the determined first graphic element size, and
the controller is programmed to control the secondary projector to project the secondary graphic element on the secondary focal plane disposed at the determined secondary target graphic element position, and at the determined secondary graphic element size.
14. The heads-up display system according to claim 13, wherein the projector system comprises a plurality of secondary projectors and a plurality of tertiary projectors, and the controller is programmed to independently control each of the secondary projectors and each of the tertiary projectors.
15. The heads-up display system according to claim 12, wherein the controller is programmed to control at least two of the first projector, the secondary projector, and the tertiary projector to display a single combined graphic element by determining at least one of the first target graphic element position and the secondary target graphic element position to be near the static tertiary focal plane.
16. A controller for controlling a heads-up display device that displays graphic elements in view of a user while the user views an environment disposed at a position spaced from and in front of the heads-up display device, the heads-up display device including a projector system adapted to project a plurality of graphic elements on a plurality of focal planes in view of the user while the user views the environment, with each of the plurality of focal planes being disposed in the environment,
wherein the controller is programmed to determine a target graphic element position for each graphic element, and to control the heads-up display device to project each of the plurality of graphic elements on an associated one of the plurality of focal planes disposed at the target graphic element position determined for the graphic element.
17. The controller according to claim 16, wherein the controller is also programmed to determine a graphic element size for each of the graphic elements based on the target graphic element position determined for each of the graphic elements, and to control the heads-up display device to project each of the plurality of graphic elements on the associated one of the plurality of focal planes disposed at the target graphic element position determined for the graphic element, and at the graphic element size determined for the graphic element.
18. The controller according to claim 17, wherein at least one of the plurality of graphic elements is a perspective rendering.
19. A method for displaying a three-dimensional volumetric heads-up display in view of a user in an environment disposed at a position spaced from the user, comprising:
determining a target graphic element position of a focal plane on which a graphic element is to be displayed, the focal plane oriented substantially perpendicularly to a line-of-sight of the user and disposed in the environment in view of the user; and
projecting the graphic element on the focal plane disposed at the target graphic element position.
20. The method according to claim 19, further comprising:
determining a graphic element size based on the target graphic element position; and
projecting the graphic element on the focal plane disposed at the target graphic element position and at the graphic element size.