What is claimed is:
1. A method of producing an optical element forming die to form an optical element by pressing a glass material softened with heat, comprising:
a first process of producing a primary processed product having a volume resistance value Z (0<Z1 (cm)) by sintering ceramic powders; and
a second process of forming the optical element forming die by processing the primary processed product.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in the first process, the primary processed product is produced in a shape of a plate by a hot press method.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the second process comprises a process to subdivide the primary processed product by an electro-discharge machining into a predetermined size so as to produce a secondary processed product.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the second process comprises a process to remove a part of the primary processed product or the secondary processed product by an electro-discharge machining.
5. The method of claim 3, wherein the second process comprises a process to make a hole on the primary processed product or the secondary processed product.
6. The method of claim 3, wherein the second process comprises a process to make a concave or a protrusion on the primary processed product or the secondary processed product.
7. The method of claim 3, wherein the second process comprises a process to conduct a grinding process for at least a portion used for positioning the optical element forming die.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the second process comprises a process to form a ceramic layer by a CVD method at least on a portion of the primary processed product or the secondary processed product which becomes an optical surface transferring surface to form an optical surface of the optical element.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein in the process to form the ceramic layer by the CVD method, the ceramic layer is formed by heating the primary processed product or the secondary processed product by electrically energizing or by a high frequency wave heating.
10. The method of claim 8, wherein the conductive ceramic and the ceramic layer contain silicon carbide as a composition.
11. The method of claim 8, wherein the second process comprises a process to form an optical surface transferring surface to form an optical surface of the optical element by conducting a grinding process andor a SPDT process for the ceramic layer.
12. An optical element forming die unit, comprising:
an optical element forming die formed by using a conductive ceramic having a volume resistance value Z (0<Z1 (cm)) and having a concave portion; and
a heating member andor a temperature measuring member which are provided in the concave portion of the optical element forming die.
13. The optical element forming die unit of claim 12, wherein the concave portion is formed by an electro-discharge machining.
14. An optical element forming die to form an optical element by pressing a glass material softened with heat, comprising:
at least a part of the optical element forming die formed by using a conductive ceramic, wherein the volume resistance value Z of the conductive ceramic satisfies the following formula:
0<Z1 (cm)
15. The optical element forming die of claim 14, further comprising:
a surface to press the optical element forming die has a tapered surface, wherein positioning for the optical element forming die when an optical element is formed is conducted by pressing the tapered surface.
16. The optical element forming die of claim 14, further comprising an optical surface transferring surface to form an optical surface of the optical element and a geometrical dimension reference surface transferring surface to form a geometrical dimension reference surface of the optical element, wherein a ceramic layer is formed on at least one of the optical surface transferring surface and the geometrical dimension reference surface transferring surface by a CVD method.
17. The optical element forming die of claim 16, wherein the conductive ceramic and the ceramic layer contain silicon carbide as a composition.
18. The optical element forming die of claim 16, wherein the ceramic layer formed on the at least one of the optical surface transferring surface and the geometrical dimension reference surface transferring surface of the optical element forming die is covered with a protective layer to prevent fusion adhesion of a glass andor oxidation of the optical element forming die.
19. The optical element forming die of claim 18, wherein the protective layer is a single layer or multi layers formed by at least one material selected from a group consisting of carbon, diamond-like carbon, glass-like carbon, platinum alloy, titanium, titanium carbide, titanium nitride, chromium, chromium carbide, chromium nitride, boron nitride, silicon carbide and silicon nitride.
20. The optical element forming die of claim 14, wherein the temperature of the optical element forming die is raised to a prescribed temperature by electrically energizing the optical element forming die.
21. The optical element forming die of claim 14, wherein the optical element forming die is subjected to an electric plating treatment.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A modular gland member comprising a radially extending cavity adjacent to a seal face member, said radially extending cavity comprises a thermally conductive solid material or fluid.
2. A mechanical seal comprising at least one pair of counter rotating seal faces which are axially biased together by one or more spring-like members, and wherein at least one seal face is closely coupled to an adjacent member by a conductive solid or fluid means.
3. The mechanical seal of claim 1 further comprising two or more stationary seal faces.
4. The mechanical seal of claim 2 further comprising two or more stationary seal faces.
5. A cartridge mechanical seal according to claim 1.
6. A cartridge mechanical seal according to claim 2.