1. A cutting insert comprises:
an insert main body formed in the shape of a tetragonal plate, the insert main body having a pair of tetragonal faces kept apart in a direction of a thickness of the insert main body and having four side faces connecting sides of the tetragonal faces in the direction of the thickness of the insert main body,
four cutting edges formed at ridge lines between the adjacent side faces of the insert main body, each of the four cutting edges being provided with a major cutting edge extending along the direction of the thickness of the insert main body and a pair of minor cutting edges extending along the sides of the tetragonal faces from both ends of the major cutting edge, and
four tetragonal rake faces formed on a pair of side faces of the four side faces, the pair of side faces facing opposite each other, the three sides of each of the four tetragonal rake faces being formed by the major cutting edge and the pair of minor cutting edges,
wherein, as seeing in the front a first rake face of the four rake faces, the major cutting edge continuing to the first rake face and the major cutting edge continuing to a second rake face, which faces opposite the first rake face, extend in a different direction to each other so as to intersect in an X-letter shape.
2. The cutting insert according to claim 1, wherein
as seeing in the front the first rake face,
the major cutting edge continuing to the first rake face extends so as to incline gradually to the outside of the other tetragonal face while being close to the other tetragonal face from one tetragonal face of the pair of tetragonal faces, and
the major cutting edge continuing to the second rake face extends so as to incline gradually to the inside of the other tetragonal face while being close to the other tetragonal face from one tetragonal face.
3. The cutting insert according to claim 1, wherein,
as seeing in the front the first rake face,
an intersection angle formed by the major cutting edge continuing to the first rake face and the major cutting edge continuing to the second rake face is from 17\xb0 to 20\xb0.
4. The cutting insert according to claim 1, wherein
four major flank faces are formed on the other pair of side faces of the four side faces, the other pair of side faces being different from the pair of side faces on which the rake faces are formed, each of which is adjacent to the rake face with the major cutting edge positioned between the major flank face and the rake face, and
as seeing in the front a first major flank face of the four major flank faces, the major cutting edge continuing to the first major flank face and the major cutting edge continuing to a second major flank face, which faces opposite the first major flank face, extend in a different direction to each other so as to intersect in an X-letter shape.
5. The cutting insert according to claim 2, wherein,
as seeing in the front the first rake face,
an intersection angle formed by the major cutting edge continuing to the first rake face and the major cutting edge continuing to the second rake face is from 17\xb0 to 20\xb0.
6. The cutting insert according to claim 2, wherein
four major flank faces are formed on the other pair of side faces of the four side faces, the other pair of side faces being different from the pair of side faces on which the rake faces are formed, each of which is adjacent to the rake face with the major cutting edge positioned between the major flank face and the rake face, and
as seeing in the front a first major flank face of the four major flank faces, the major cutting edge continuing to the first major flank face and the major cutting edge continuing to a second major flank face, which faces opposite the first major flank face, extend in a different direction to each other so as to intersect in an X-letter shape.
7. The cutting insert according to claim 3, wherein
four major flank faces are formed on the other pair of side faces of the four side faces, the other pair of side faces being different from the pair of side faces on which the rake faces are formed, each of which is adjacent to the rake face with the major cutting edge positioned between the major flank face and the rake face, and
as seeing in the front a first major flank face of the four major flank faces, the major cutting edge continuing to the first major flank face and the major cutting edge continuing to a second major flank face, which faces opposite the first major flank face, extend in a different direction to each other so as to intersect in an X-letter shape.
8. The cutting insert according to claim 5, wherein
four major flank faces are formed on the other pair of side faces of the four side faces, the other pair of side faces being different from the pair of side faces on which the rake faces are formed, each of which is adjacent to the rake face with the major cutting edge positioned between the major flank face and the rake face, and
as seeing in the front a first major flank face of the four major flank faces, the major cutting edge continuing to the first major flank face and the major cutting edge continuing to a second major flank face, which faces opposite the first major flank face, extend in a different direction to each other so as to intersect in an X-letter shape.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A polar modulating circuit comprising:
a polar coordinate converting portion which produces an amplitude signal from a baseband quadrature signal that is produced from transmission data;
a distortion compensation processing portion comprising:
a memory portion which stores predistortion distortion compensating process data for a predetermined amplitude correcting process and outputs an amplitude correction signal with respect to the amplitude signal based on the amplitude signal; and
an amplitude information adjusting portion which adjusts an amplitude of the amplitude signal, and which performs adjustment of the amplitude of the amplitude signal after the amplitude correcting process or an amplitude signal for referring an amplitude correcting process address of the memory portion;
an amplitude modulating portion which produces an amplitude-modulated signal based on an amplitude signal after the predetermined amplitude correcting process is executed in the distortion compensation processing portion;
a phase modulating portion which produces a phase-modulated signal in a radio-frequency band based on a signal having at least a phase component of the baseband quadrature signal; and
an amplifying portion into which the phase-modulated signal is input as an input high-frequency signal and the amplitude-modulated signal is input as a control signal, thereby producing transmission data in the radio-frequency band.
2. The polar modulating circuit according to claim 1,
wherein the polar coordinate converting portion produces a phase signal from the baseband quadrature signal and outputs the phase signal to the distortion compensation processing portion,
wherein the memory portion further stores predistortion distortion compensating process data for a predetermined phase correcting process and outputs a phase correction signal with respect to the phase signal based on the amplitude signal, and
wherein the distortion compensation processing portion further comprises a phase compensating circuit which performs adjustment of the amplitude of the amplitude signal for referring a phase correcting process address of the memory portion.
3. The polar modulating circuit according to claim 1, wherein the distortion compensation processing portion further comprises:
a phase compensating circuit which adjusts an amplitude of an input signal which is input to the amplifying portion.
4. The polar modulating circuit according to claim 3,
wherein the polar coordinate converting portion produces a phase signal from the baseband quadrature signal and outputs the phase signal to the distortion compensation processing portion,
wherein, in the distortion compensation processing section, the memory portion further stores predistortion distortion compensating process data for a predetermined phase correcting process and outputs a phase correction signal with respect to the phase signal based on the amplitude signal, and
wherein the phase compensating circuit adjusts an amplitude of the phase signal after execution of a predetermined phase correcting process by the phase correction signal output from the memory portion and outputs the phase signal to the phase modulating portion after the amplitude adjustment.
5. The polar modulating circuit according to claim 1,
wherein the amplitude information adjusting portion is a multiplying circuit which multiplies a predetermined coefficient, and
wherein the polar modulating circuit further comprises a coefficient selecting portion which sets the coefficient to be multiplied in the multiplying circuit.
6. The polar modulating circuit according to claim 2,
wherein the phase compensating circuit is a calculating circuit which multiplies or adds a predetermined coefficient, and
wherein the polar modulating circuit further comprises a coefficient selecting portion which sets the coefficient to be calculation-processed in the calculating circuit.
7. The polar modulating circuit according to claim 5,
wherein the polar modulating circuit further comprises an amplitude determining portion which calculates an instantaneous amplitude value of the amplitude signal sampled at constant intervals, and
wherein the coefficient selecting portion switches over the coefficient in accordance with the instantaneous amplitude value.
8. The polar modulating circuit according to claim 7,
wherein the amplitude determining portion further comprises a function of setting a predetermined threshold based on the plural instantaneous amplitude values and determining increase or decrease of the amplitude signal from a previous sampling timing, and
wherein the coefficient selecting portion sets the coefficient in accordance with increase or decrease of the amplitude signal determined by the amplitude determining portion.
9. The polar modulating circuit according to claim 5, wherein the coefficient selecting portion switches over the coefficient in accordance with a transmission output power.
10. The polar modulating circuit according to claim 5, wherein the coefficient selecting portion switches over the coefficient in accordance with a frequency of an input signal of the amplifying portion.
11. The polar modulating circuit according to claim 5,
wherein the polar modulating circuit further comprises an environmental temperature detecting portion, and
wherein the coefficient selecting portion switches over the coefficient in accordance with a detection signal output from the environmental temperature detecting portion.
12. The polar modulating circuit according to claim 3, wherein the phase compensating circuit performs amplitude adjustment in accordance with a transmission output power.
13. The polar modulating circuit according to claim 3, wherein the phase compensating circuit performs amplitude adjustment in accordance with a frequency of an input signal of the amplifying portion.
14. The polar modulating circuit according to claim 3,
wherein the polar modulating circuit further comprises an environmental temperature detecting portion, and
wherein the phase compensating circuit performs amplitude adjustment in accordance with a detection signal output from the environmental temperature detecting portion.
15. The polar modulating circuit according to claim 11, wherein the environmental temperature detecting portion is a consumption current detecting portion of the amplifying portion.
16. The polar modulating circuit according to claim 11, wherein the environmental temperature detecting portion is a temperature sensor.
17. The polar modulating circuit according to claim 1, wherein the memory portion stores inverse characteristics of output signal characteristics with respect to a control voltage value in a steady state of the amplifying portion into which an input high-frequency signal of a predetermined amplitude and a predetermined control voltage are input.
18. The polar modulating circuit according to claim 1, wherein the memory portion stores an approximation polynomial of inverse characteristics of output signal characteristics with respect to a control voltage value in a steady state of the amplifying portion into which an input high-frequency signal of a predetermined amplitude and a predetermined control voltage are input.
19. An integrated circuit on which a polar modulating circuit according to claim 1 is mounted.
20. A polar modulating method comprising:
a step of producing an amplitude signal from a baseband quadrature signal that is produced from transmission data;
a step of outputting an amplitude correction signal with respect to the amplitude signal based on the amplitude signal by using a predistortion distortion compensating process data for a predetermined amplitude correcting process;
a step of adjusting the amplitude of an amplitude signal after the amplitude correcting process or an amplitude signal for referring an amplitude correcting process address of the memory step;
a step of producing an amplitude-modulated signal based on the amplitude signal;
a step of producing a phase-modulated signal in a radio-frequency band based on a signal having at least a phase component of the baseband quadrature signal; and
a step of inputting the phase-modulated signal as an input high-frequency signal and inputting the amplitude-modulated signal as a control signal, thereby producing transmission data in the radio-frequency band.
21. A transmitting apparatus comprising a polar modulating circuit according to claim 1.
22-27. (canceled)
28. A transmitting apparatus comprising an integrated circuit according to claim 19.
29. The polar modulating circuit according to claim 4,
wherein the phase compensating circuit is a calculating circuit which multiplies or adds a predetermined coefficient, and
wherein the polar modulating circuit further comprises a coefficient selecting portion which sets the coefficient to be calculation-processed in the calculating circuit.
30. The polar modulating circuit according to claim 29,
wherein the polar modulating circuit further comprises an amplitude determining portion which calculates an instantaneous amplitude value of the amplitude signal sampled at constant intervals, and
wherein the coefficient selecting portion switches over the coefficient in accordance with the instantaneous amplitude value.
31. The polar modulating circuit according to claim 30,
wherein the amplitude determining portion further comprises a function of setting a predetermined threshold based on the plural instantaneous amplitude values and determining increase or decrease of the amplitude signal from a previous sampling timing, and
wherein the coefficient selecting portion sets the coefficient in accordance with increase or decrease of the amplitude signal determined by the amplitude determining portion.
32. The polar modulating circuit according to claim 29, wherein the coefficient selecting portion switches over the coefficient in accordance with a transmission output power.
33. The polar modulating circuit according to claim 29, wherein the coefficient selecting portion switches over the coefficient in accordance with a frequency of an input signal of the amplifying portion.
34. The polar modulating circuit according to claim 29,
wherein the polar modulating circuit further comprises an environmental temperature detecting portion, and
wherein the coefficient selecting portion switches over the coefficient in accordance with a detection signal output from the environmental temperature detecting portion.
35. The polar modulating circuit according to claim 34, wherein the environmental temperature detecting portion is a consumption current detecting portion of the amplifying portion.
36. The polar modulating circuit according to claim 34, wherein the environmental temperature detecting portion is a temperature sensor.
37. The polar modulating circuit according to claim 14, wherein the environmental temperature detecting portion is a consumption current detecting portion of the amplifying portion.
38. The polar modulating circuit according to claim 14, wherein the environmental temperature detecting portion is a temperature sensor.
39. The polar modulating circuit according to claim 5,
wherein the polar modulating circuit further comprises an amplitude determining portion which calculates an instantaneous amplitude value of the amplitude signal sampled at constant intervals, and
wherein the coefficient selecting portion switches over the coefficient in accordance with the instantaneous amplitude value.
40. The polar modulating circuit according to claim 39,
wherein the amplitude determining portion further comprises a function of setting a predetermined threshold based on the plural instantaneous amplitude values and determining increase or decrease of the amplitude signal from a previous sampling timing, and
wherein the coefficient selecting portion sets the coefficient in accordance with increase or decrease of the amplitude signal determined by the amplitude determining portion.
41. The polar modulating circuit according to claim 5, wherein the coefficient selecting portion switches over the coefficient in accordance with a transmission output power.
42. The polar modulating circuit according to claim 5, wherein the coefficient selecting portion switches over the coefficient in accordance with a frequency of an input signal of the amplifying portion.
43. The polar modulating circuit according to claim 5,
wherein the polar modulating circuit further comprises an environmental temperature detecting portion, and
wherein the coefficient selecting portion switches over the coefficient in accordance with a detection signal output from the environmental temperature detecting portion.
44. The polar modulating circuit according to claim 43, wherein the environmental temperature detecting portion is a consumption current detecting portion of the amplifying portion.
45. The polar modulating circuit according to claim 43, wherein the environmental temperature detecting portion is a temperature sensor.