1. A compound of Formula I:
wherein:
R1 is fluorinated alkyl, halogen or \u2014SiR4R5R6 where each of R4, R5 and R6 is an alkyl group;
R2, X1 and X2 are non-conjugate substituents, the same or different at each occurrence and selected from the group consisting of:
trityl
halogen;
nitro;
cyano;
\u2014COOR3;
\u2014SiR4R5R6; and
straight-chain or branched or cyclic alkyl or alkoxy or dialkylamino group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms wherein one or more nonadjacent \u2014CH2\u2014 groups may be replaced by \u2014O\u2014, \u2014S\u2014, \u2014NR2\u2014, \u2014CO\u2014, \u2014CONR7 or \u2014COO\u2014 and wherein at least one hydrogen atoms may be replaced by halogen;
wherein R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, and R8, are the same or different at each occurrence and independently selected from the group consisting of \u2014H, halogen, nitro, cyano, straight or branched C1-20-alkyl, C3-20-cyclic alkyl, straight or branched C1-20-alkoxy, C1-20-dialkylamino, C4-14-aryl, C4-14-aryloxy, and C4-14-heteroaryl, which may be substituted by one or more non aromatic radicals, wherein a plurality of R1, R2, R4, R5, R6, X1 and X2 may in turn together form a mono- or polycyclic ring, optionally aromatic; and
l, m, and n are the same or different at each occurrence and represents an integer from 0 to 4.
2. The compound of claim 1, wherein R1 is trialkylsilyl.
3. The compound of claim 2, wherein R1 is Si(isopropyl)3.
4. The compound of claim 1, wherein each of X1 and X2 is a triarylsilyl group.
5. The compound of claim 4, wherein X1=X2=\u2014Si(Ph)3.
6. The compound of claim 1, wherein
where R7 is phenyl, isopropyl or methyl.
7. The compound of claim 6, represented by Formula II:
8. The compound of claim 6, represented by Formula III:
9. The compound of claim 6, represented by Formula IV:
Formula (IV), or by the same formula but where the methyl groups are replaced with isopropyl groups.
10. The compound of claim 5, represented by Formula V:
11. The compound of claim 5, represented by Formula VI:
12. The compound of claim 1, represented by Formula VII:
13. The compound of claim 1, represented by Formula VIII:
14. (canceled)
15. An organic light emitting device (OLED) comprising an emissive layer (EML), where the emissive layer comprises a host material which is the compound of claim 1.
16. The organic light emitting device (OLED) of claim 15, which comprises:
a glass substrate;
an anode;
a hole transporting layer (HTL);
the emissive layer (EML);
an electron transporting layer (ETL); and
a cathode.
17. The organic light emitting device (OLED) of claim 16, wherein the anode is transparent and the cathode is metallic.
18. The organic light emitting device (OLED) of claim 16, wherein the host material is a compound having a formula selected from the group consisting of:
the same formula as formula (IV) but where the methyl groups are replaced with isopropyl groups,
19. A method for emitting blue light, which comprises using the organic light emitting device (OLED) of claim 16.
20. A method for emitting blue light, which comprises using the organic light emitting device (OLED) of claim 17.
21. A method for emitting blue light, which comprises using the organic light emitting device (OLED) of claim 18.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method comprising:
an encoder at a source sending compressed video data including a reference frame message to create a long term reference frame from a recent frame indicated in the reference frame message, the recent frame being encoded and included in the compressed video data, the sending being to a plurality of decoders at one or more destination points, wherein the same compressed video data is sent to the plurality of decoders; and
receiving feedback from the plurality of decoders indicative of whether or not the decoders successfully received the reference frame message and have access to the indicated recent frame,
in the case that the received feedback is such that at least one of the decoders did not successfully receive the reference frame message or does not have the indicated recent frame, repeating sending a reference frame message to create the long term reference frame from an indicated recent frame to the plurality of decoders, and receiving feedback until the encoder has received feedback from each of the plurality of decoders indicating successful receipt of the reference frame message and indicating having access to the recent frame indicated in the reference frame message,
such that once the encoder has an indication of successful receipt and access at all decoders, the encoder, upon receiving feedback of an error from at least one of the decoders, is operable to use the long term reference frame as a reference frame for temporal predictive encoding of video, thereby enabling the encoder to avoid using an independently coded frame upon receiving feedback of an error.
2. A method as recited in claim 1, further comprising,
the encoder from time to time sending an additional reference frame message to create a different long term reference frame from a different recent frame indicated in the reference frame message, the sending being to the plurality of decoders at the one or more destination points, such that the long term reference frame is updated from time to time with an updated frame, any updated frame not becoming valid for use as a reference frame until the encoder has received feedback from all decoders that each has successfully received the reference frame message and has the updated frame.
3. A method as recited in claim 2, wherein the sending from time to time is periodic.
4. A method as recited in claim 2, wherein each decoder has a decoder store, and wherein the reference frame store at each decoder is configured to store more than one frame marked for use as a long term reference frame.
5. A method as recited in claim 4, wherein a valid long term reference frame is one that exists and is known to the encoder to exist in the reference frame store of each decoder and marked for use as a long term reference frame, the method further comprising designating at the encoder one of the valid long term reference frames to be a preferred long term reference frame to use as a reference frame for predictive coding when the encoder ascertains that there has been an error in receiving in at least one of the decoders.
6. A method as recited in claim 4, wherein a valid long term reference frame is one that exists and is known to the encoder to exist in the reference frame store of each decoder and marked for use as a long term reference frame, the method further comprising:
designating at the encoder one of the valid long term reference frames to be a preferred long term reference frame to use as a reference frame for predictive coding when the encoder ascertains that there has been an error in receiving in at least one of the decoders;
from time to time changing which valid long term reference frame is the preferred long term reference frame.
7. A method as recited in claim 2, wherein the sending of the reference frame message is controlled by a state machine.
8. A method as recited in claim 2, wherein commands are included in the reference frame message such that the encoder can send the same reference frame message to all decoders independent of whether or not any destination decoder has previously sent an indication of an error, and independent of the state of the reference frame store in the destination decoders, including the case of there being disparity in the contents of the reference frames stores of at least two decoders, and there being no disparity.
9. A method as recited in claim 8, wherein commands are included in the reference frame message such that if at least part of a frame sent by the encoder for use as the long term reference frame is not correctly received by any decoder, and other decoders correctly receive the frame sent by the encoder for use as the long term reference frame, the next time a reference frame message is sent and received correctly by all decoders, all decoders will have the same reference frame store state.
10. A method as recited in claim 8, wherein the reference frame message includes a command to unmark one frame previously marked in a destination decoder’s reference frame store for use as a short term reference frame and a command to unmark one frame previously marked in a destination decoder’s reference frame store for use as a long term reference frame, wherein at any particular destination decoder a command to unmark is ignored in the case the frame commanded to be unmarked is not present in the particular decoder’s reference frame store.
11. A method as recited in claim 1, wherein the indicated frame in the reference frame message is only valid for use as a long term reference frame as a result of the encoder’s receiving feedback from all decoders that each has successfully received the reference frame message and the indicated frame, and wherein each of the plurality of decoders includes a reference frame store operable to store a set of reference frames including one or more frames marked for use as possible long term reference frames, such that a valid long term reference frame is one that exists and is known to the encoder to exist in the reference frame store of each decoder and marked for use as a long term reference frame.
12. A method as recited in claim 1, wherein the plurality of decoders include more than one decoder of a decoding system at a single destination, the more than one decoder of the decoding system operable in parallel to each decode a different part of a frame.
13. A method as recited in claim 1, wherein the plurality of decoders include decoders at different destinations.
14. An apparatus comprising:
a network interface operable to be coupled to a network;
an encoder coupled to the network interface and operable to generate compressed video data and to embed therein a reference frame message to command any receiving decoder to create a long term reference frame from a recent frame indicated in the reference frame message, the recent frame being encoded and included in the compressed video data,
a controller coupled to the network interface and the encoder and operable to cause the encoder to send the compressed video data with the reference frame message embedded therein, the sending being via the network to a plurality of decoders at one or more destination points, the controller further operable to accept feedback received from the plurality of decoders indicative of whether or not the decoders successfully received the reference frame message and have access to the indicated recent frame, wherein the same compressed video data is sent to the plurality of decoders,
the controller further operable in the case that the received feedback is such that at least one of the decoders did not successfully receive the reference frame message or does not have the indicated recent frame, to cause the encoder to repeating sending a reference frame message to create the long term reference frame from an indicated recent frame to the plurality of decoders, the controller further operable to receiving feedback until feedback is received from each of the plurality of decoders indicating successful receipt of the reference frame message and indicating having access to the recent frame indicated in the reference frame message,
such that once the controller has an indication of successful receipt and access at all decoders, the controller, upon indication that feedback of an error was received from at least one of the decoders, is operable to cause the encoder to use the long term reference frame as a reference frame for temporal predictive encoding of video, thereby enabling the encoder to avoid using an independently coded frame as a result of the apparatus receiving feedback of an error.
15. An apparatus as recited in claim 14, wherein the controller is operable to cause the encoder from time to time to send an additional reference frame message to create a different long term reference frame from a different recent frame indicated in the reference frame message, the sending being to the plurality of decoders at the one or more destination points, such that the long term reference frame is updated from time to time with an updated frame, any updated frame not becoming valid for use as a reference frame until the encoder has received feedback from all decoders that each has successfully received the reference frame message and has the updated frame.
16. An apparatus as recited in claim 15, wherein each decoder has a decoder store, and wherein the reference frame store at each decoder is configured to store more than one frame marked for use as a long term reference frame.
17. An apparatus as recited in claim 16, wherein a valid long term reference frame is one that exists and is known to the encoder to exist in the reference frame store of each decoder and marked for use as a long term reference frame, and wherein the controller further is operable to designate at the encoder one of the valid long term reference frames to be a preferred long term reference frame to use as a reference frame for predictive coding when the controller ascertains that there has been an error in receiving in at least one of the decoders.
18. An apparatus as recited in claim 16, wherein a valid long term reference frame is one that exists and is known to the encoder to exist in the reference frame store of each decoder and marked for use as a long term reference frame, wherein the controller further is operable to designate at the encoder one of the valid long term reference frames to be a preferred long term reference frame to use as a reference frame for predictive coding when the controller ascertains that there has been an error in receiving in at least one of the decoders, and wherein the controller is operable to from time to time change which valid long term reference frame is the preferred long term reference frame.
19. An apparatus as recited in claim 15, wherein the controller includes a state machine to control the sending of the reference frame message.
20. An apparatus as recited in claim 14, wherein the indicated frame in the reference frame message is only valid for use as a long term reference frame as a result of the encoder’s receiving feedback from all decoders that each has successfully received the reference frame message and the indicated frame, and wherein each of the plurality of decoders includes a reference frame store operable to store a set of reference frames including one or more frames marked for use as possible long term reference frames, such that a valid long term reference frame is one that exists and is known to the encoder to exist in the reference frame store of each decoder and marked for use as a long term reference frame.
21. An apparatus as recited in claim 14, wherein the plurality of decoders include more than one decoder of a decoding system at a single destination, the more than one decoder of the decoding system operable in parallel to each decode a different part of a frame.
22. An apparatus as recited in claim 14, wherein the plurality of decoders include decoders at different destinations.
23. A computer-readable hardware storage medium configured with instructions that when executed by one or more processors of a processing system, cause carrying out of a method comprising:
an encoder at a source sending compressed video data including a reference frame message to create a long term reference frame from a recent frame indicated in the reference frame message, the recent frame being encoded and included in the compressed video data, the sending being to a plurality of decoders at one or more destination points, wherein the same compressed video data is sent to the plurality of decoders; and
receiving feedback from the plurality of decoders indicative of whether or not the decoders successfully received the reference frame message and have access to the indicated recent frame,
in the case that the received feedback is such that at least one of the decoders did not successfully receive the reference frame message or does not have the indicated recent frame, repeating sending a reference frame message to create the long term reference frame from an indicated recent frame to the plurality of decoders, and receiving feedback until the encoder has received feedback from each of the plurality of decoders indicating successful receipt of the reference frame message and indicating having access to the recent frame indicated in the reference frame message,
such that once the encoder has an indication of successful receipt and access at all decoders, the encoder, upon receiving feedback of an error from at least one of the decoders, is operable to use the long term reference frame as a reference frame for temporal predictive encoding of video, thereby enabling the encoder to avoid using an independently coded frame upon receiving feedback of an error.
24. A computer-readable hardware storage medium as recited in claim 23, wherein the method further comprises,
the encoder from time to time sending an additional reference frame message to create a different long term reference frame from a different recent frame indicated in the reference frame message, the sending being to the plurality of decoders at the one or more destination points, such that the long term reference frame is updated from time to time with an updated frame, any updated frame not becoming valid for use as a reference frame until the encoder has received feedback from all decoders that each has successfully received the reference frame message and has the updated frame.