1. A plant disease controlling composition, comprising a pyridazine compound represented by formula (I):
wherein R1 represents a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, a cyano group; or a methyl group, and R2 represents a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom; and
at least one azole compound selected from the group consisting of propiconazole, prothioconazole, triadimenol, prochloraz, penconazole, tebuconazole, flusilazole, diniconazole, bromuconazole, epoxiconazole, difenoconazole, cyproconazole, metconazole, triflumizole, tetraconazole, myclobutanil, fenbuconazole, hexaconazole, fluquinconazole, triticonazole, bitertanol, imazalil, ipconazole, simeconazole, and flutriafol.
2. The plant disease controlling composition according to claim 1, wherein a weight ratio of the pyridazine compound to the azole compound is in a range of 0.11 to 101.
3. A method for controlling plant diseases, comprising a step of applying to a plant or soil for growing a plant effective amounts of a pyridazine compound represented by formula (I):
wherein R1 represents a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, a cyano group, or a methyl group, and R2 represents a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom; and
at least one azole compound selected from the group consisting of propiconazole, prothioconazole, triadimenol, prochloraz, penconazole, tebuconazole, flusilazole, diniconazole, bromuconazole, epoxiconazole, difenoconazole, cyproconazole, metconazole, triflumizole, tetraconazole, myclobutanil, fenbuconazole, hexaconazole, fluquinconazole, triticonazole, bitertanol, imazalil, ipconazole, simeconazole, and flutriafol.
4. The method for controlling plant diseases according to claim 3, wherein a weight ratio of the pyridazine compound to the azole compound is in a range of 0.11 to 101.
5. The method for controlling plant diseases according to claim 3, wherein the plant or soil for growing a plant is wheat or soil for growing wheat.
6. The method for controlling plant diseases according to claim 4, wherein the plant or soil for growing a plant is wheat or soil for growing wheat.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A wet electrolytic capacitor comprising:
an anode comprising a sintered porous anode body that is coated with a dielectric;
a cathode that comprises a metal substrate over which is disposed a conductive polymer coating, wherein the conductive polymer coating is formed by electrolytic polymerization of a microemulsion, the microemulsion comprising a precursor monomer, nonionic surfactant, sulfonic acid, and solvent; and
a fluid working electrolyte in communication with the anode and the cathode.
2. The wet electrolytic capacitor of claim 1, wherein the metal substrate includes titanium or tantalum.
3. The wet electrolytic capacitor of claim 1, wherein the metal substrate has a generally cylindrical shape.
4. The wet electrolytic capacitor of claim 1, wherein the precursor monomer includes a pyrrole, aniline, thiophene, or a combination thereof.
5. The wet electrolytic capacitor of claim 1, wherein the precursor monomer has the following general structure:
wherein,
T is O or S;
D is an optionally substituted C1 to C5 alkylene radical;
R7 is independently selected from a linear or branched, optionally substituted C1 to C18 alkyl radical, optionally substituted C5 to C12 cycloalkyl radical, optionally substituted C6 to C14 aryl radical, optionally substituted C7 to C18 aralkyl radical, optionally substituted C1 to C4 hydroxyalkyl radical, or hydroxyl radical; and
q is an integer from 0 to 8.
6. The wet electrolytic capacitor of claim 1, wherein the precursor monomer includes 3,4-alkylenedioxythiophene or a derivative thereof.
7. The wet electrolytic capacitor of claim 1, wherein the nonionic surfactant has an HLB value of from about 11 to about 18.
8. The wet electrolytic capacitor of claim 1, wherein the nonionic surfactant is a polyglycerol fatty acid ester, polyglycerol fatty alcohol ether, sucrose fatty acid ester, hydrocarbyl polyglycoside, or a combination thereof.
9. The wet electrolytic capacitor of claim 1, wherein the nonionic surfactant is a polyoxyethylene fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ether, polyoxyethylene sorbitol anhydride fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene glycerol mono fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil, polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil mono fatty acid ester, or a combination thereof.
10. The wet electrolytic capacitor of claim 1, wherein the nonionic surfactant is a polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ether in which the fatty alcohol is saturated or unsaturated and has 8 to 22 carbon atoms, and in which the polyoxyethylene moiety contains on average 4 to 60 ethylene oxide repeating units.
11. The wet electrolytic capacitor of claim 10, wherein the polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ether is a polyoxyethylene octyl ether, polyoxyethylene decyl ether, polyoxyethylene lauryl ether, polyoxyethylene myristyl ether, polyoxyethylene palmityl ether, polyoxyethylene isostearyl ether, polyoxyethylene stearyl ether, polyoxyethylene oleyl ether, polyoxyethylene behenyl ether, or a combination thereof.
12. The wet electrolytic capacitor of claim 1, wherein the sulfonic acid includes an arylene sulfonic acid.
13. The wet electrolytic capacitor of claim 12, wherein the arylene sulfonic acid includes p-toluenesulfonic acid, 1-naphthalenesulfonic acid, 2-naphthalenesulfonic acid, or a combination thereof.
14. The wet electrolytic capacitor of claim 1, wherein the conductive polymer coating is free of high energy iron radicals.
15. The wet electrolytic capacitor of claim 1, wherein the porous body is formed from a tantalum powder.
16. The wet electrolytic capacitor of claim 1, wherein the fluid electrolyte is aqueous.
17. The wet electrolytic capacitor of claim 1, wherein the fluid electrolyte includes sulfuric acid.
18. The wet electrolytic capacitor of claim 1, wherein the substrate is in the form of a casing within which the anode and the fluid electrolyte are positioned.
19. The wet electrolytic capacitor of claim 1, wherein the anode body contains a sidewall positioned between a proximal end and an opposing distal end, wherein a plurality of longitudinally extending channels recessed into the sidewall.
20. The wet electrolytic capacitor of claim 1, wherein the anode body has a generally cylindrical shape.
21. A wet electrolytic capacitor comprising:
an anode containing a generally cylindrical, sintered porous anode body that is coated with a dielectric, the anode body containing tantalum, wherein the anode further comprises an anode lead wire that extends from a proximal end of the anode in the longitudinal direction;
a fluid working electrolyte; and
a generally cylindrical metal casing within which the anode and the fluid electrolyte are positioned, wherein a conductive polymer coating is disposed on the metal casing so that the coating is in communication with the fluid electrolyte, wherein the conductive polymer coating is formed by electrolytic polymerization of a microemulsion, the microemulsion comprising a precursor monomer, nonionic surfactant, sulfonic acid, and a solvent.
22. A method for forming a cathode of a wet capacitor, the method comprising:
applying a microemulsion to a metal substrate, wherein the microemulsion comprises a precursor monomer, nonionic surfactant, sulfonic acid, and a solvent;
placing an electrode in contact with the metal substrate; and
supplying a current feed to the electrode to induce electrolysis and oxidative polymerization of the precursor monomer, thereby forming a conductive polymer coating.
23. The method of claim 22, wherein the metal substrate includes titanium or tantalum.
24. The method of claim 22, wherein the precursor monomer includes a pyrrole, aniline, thiophene, or a combination thereof.
25. The method of claim 22, wherein the precursor monomer has the following general structure:
wherein,
T is O or S;
D is an optionally substituted C1 to C5 alkylene radical;
R7 is independently selected from a linear or branched, optionally substituted C1 to C18 alkyl radical, optionally substituted C5 to C12 cycloalkyl radical, optionally substituted C6 to C14 aryl radical, optionally substituted C7 to C18 aralkyl radical, optionally substituted C1 to C4 hydroxyalkyl radical, or hydroxyl radical; and
q is an integer from 0 to 8.
26. The method of claim 22, wherein the precursor monomer includes 3,4-alkylenedioxythiophene or a derivative thereof.
27. The method of claim 22, wherein the nonionic surfactant has an HLB value of from about 11 to about 18.
28. The method of claim 22, wherein the nonionic surfactant is a polyglycerol fatty acid ester, polyglycerol fatty alcohol ether, sucrose fatty acid ester, hydrocarbyl polyglycoside, or a combination thereof.
29. The method of claim 22, wherein the nonionic surfactant is a polyoxyethylene fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ether, polyoxyethylene sorbitol anhydride fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene glycerol mono fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil, polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil mono fatty acid ester, or a combination thereof.
30. The method of claim 22, wherein the nonionic surfactant is a polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ether in which the fatty alcohol is saturated or unsaturated and has 8 to 22 carbon atoms, and in which the polyoxyethylene moiety contains on average 4 to 60 ethylene oxide repeating units.
31. The method of claim 30, wherein the polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ether is a polyoxyethylene octyl ether, polyoxyethylene decyl ether, polyoxyethylene lauryl ether, polyoxyethylene myristyl ether, polyoxyethylene palmityl ether, polyoxyethylene isostearyl ether, polyoxyethylene stearyl ether, polyoxyethylene oleyl ether, polyoxyethylene behenyl ether, or a combination thereof.
32. The method of claim 22, wherein the sulfonic acid is an arylene sulfonic acid.
33. The method of claim 32, wherein the arylene sulfonic acid is p-toluenesulfonic acid, 1-naphthalenesulfonic acid, 2-naphthalenesulfonic acid, or a combination thereof.
34. The method of claim 22, wherein the solvent is water.
35. The method of claim 22, wherein the microemulsion and the conductive polymer coating are both free of high energy iron radicals.
36. The method of claim 22, wherein precursor monomers constitute from about 0.1 wt. % to about 15 wt. % of the microemulsion.
37. The method of claim 36, wherein the ratio of the weight of nonionic surfactants to the weight of precursor monomers within the microemulsion is from about 0.5 to about 1.5.
38. The method of claim 37, wherein nonionic surfactants constitute from about 0.2 wt. % to about 10 wt. % of the microemulsion.
39. The method of claim 36, wherein the ratio of the weight of sulfonic acids to the weight of precursor monomers within the microemulsion is from about 0.2 to about 1.2.
40. The method of claim 39, wherein sulfonic acids constitute from about 0.1 wt. % to about 10 wt. % of the microemulsion.
41. The method of claim 22, wherein the pH of the microemulsion is from about 5.0 to about 8.5.
42. The method of claim 22, wherein the microemulsion is at a temperature of from about 40\xb0 C. to about 70\xb0 C.
43. A wet capacitor cathode formed from the method of claim 22.