1. A diffraction grating lens comprising:
a lens body; and
a diffraction grating provided on a surface of the lens body, the diffraction grating including a plurality of annular zones having slopes inclined along a width direction and a plurality of step surfaces respectively located between the plurality of annular zones, wherein
at least one of the plurality of annular zones extends from a first one of the step surfaces to a second one of the step surfaces and is light-transmissive across an entire area thereof along a width direction, and in the at least one annular zone from the first one of the step surfaces to the second one of the step surfaces, a light transmittance near at least one of two ends along the width direction is smaller than a light transmittance near a central portion along the width direction; and
in the at least one annular zone, a surface roughness of the slope near at least one of the two ends along the width direction is greater than a surface roughness of the slope near the central portion along the width direction of the annular zone.
2. The diffraction grating lens of claim 1, wherein, in the at least one annular zone, out of the two ends along the width direction, light transmittance near at least the end at an edge of the slope is smaller than a light transmittance at the central portion along the width direction.
3. The diffraction grating lens of claim 2, wherein,
the at least one annular zone includes a light transmittance adjustment film disposed on the slope near at least one of the two ends along the width direction; and
a light transmittance of the light transmittance adjustment film is smaller than a light transmittance of a material of the lens body.
4. The diffraction grating lens of claim 3, wherein, near at least one of the two ends along the width direction of the at least one annular zone, the light transmittance adjustment film is disposed with a predetermined areal density.
5. The diffraction grating lens of claim 2, wherein, in the at least one annular zone, a light transmittance of the lens body near at least one of the two ends along the width direction is smaller than a light transmittance of the lens body near the central portion along the width direction of the annular zone.
6. The diffraction grating lens of claims 1, wherein, near at least one of the two ends along the width direction of the at least one annular zone, the light transmittance of the annular zone gradually decreases from the central portion along the width direction toward the at least one end.
7. The diffraction grating lens of claims 1, wherein, near at least one of the two ends along the width direction of the at least one annular zone, the light transmittance of the annular zone decreases in a stepwise manner from the central portion along the width direction toward the at least one end.
8. The diffraction grating lens of claims 1, wherein, the lens body is composed of a first material having a refractive index n1 (\u03bb) at a used wavelength \u03bb; and
each of the plurality of step surfaces has a height d substantially satisfying the following equation, where n is a positive integer and m is an order of diffraction,
d
=
m
\xb7
\u03bb
n
1
\u2061
(
\u03bb
)
–
1
.
math
.
\u2062
1
9. The diffraction grating lens of claims 1, further comprising an optical adjustment layer provided on the lens body so as to cover the diffraction grating, wherein,
the lens body is composed of a first material having a refractive index ni(\u03bb) at a used wavelength \u03bb;
the optical adjustment film is composed of a second material having a refractive index n2(\u03bb) at the used wavelength \u03bb; and
each of the plurality of step surfaces has a height d substantially satisfying the following equation, where n is a positive integer and m is an order of diffraction,
d
=
m
\xb7
\u03bb
n
1
\u2061
(
\u03bb
)
–
n
2
\u2061
(
\u03bb
)
.
math
.
\u2062
2
10. An imaging device comprising:
a diffraction grating lens of claims 1; and
an imaging element for capturing a subject image which is formed by the diffraction grating lens and converting the subject image into an electrical signal.
11. A method of producing a diffraction grating lens having
a lens body, and
a diffraction grating provided on a surface of the lens body, the diffraction grating including a plurality of annular zones having slopes inclined along a width direction and a plurality of step surfaces respectively located between the plurality of annular zones, wherein
at least one of the plurality of annular zones extends from a first one of the step surfaces to a second one of the step surfaces and is light-transmissive across an entire area thereof along a width direction, and in the at least one annular zone from the first one of the step surfaces to the second one of the step surfaces, a light transmittance near at least one of two ends along the width direction is smaller than a light transmittance near a central portion along the width direction; and
in the at least one annular zone, a surface roughness of the slope near at least one of the two ends along the width direction is greater than a surface roughness of the slope near the central portion along the width direction of the annular zone,
the method comprising:
a step of proving a lens body having the diffraction grating on a surface thereof; and
a step of pressing a mold against the diffraction grating on the surface of the lens body, with a material having a lower light transmittance than that of the lens body being applied on the mold.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. An apparatus comprising:
a content processing engine to process content, including
a summarization engine to score constituent parts of the content, and to generate a plurality of summaries from a plurality of points of view for the content, based at least in part on the scores of constituent parts, wherein at least one of the summaries is formed with constituent parts extracted from the contents.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the content comprises online or offline webpages, textual articles, audio or video; wherein at least one of the summaries of a textual article comprises extracted sentences of the textual articles; and wherein at least one of the summaries of an audiovideo content comprises extracted segments of the audiovideo content.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the summarization engine to provide a rank to each sentence of a content having constituent parts that are sentences, based on coherence of roots of words between sentences of the content, and determine a relation how each sentence of the content is connected with another sentence of the content.
4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the summarization engine to determine title words and key phrases using term frequency-inverse domain frequency for each word of a sentence of a content having constituent parts that are sentences.
5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the summarization engine to tag all nouns of the content, link all tagged nouns with verbs, adjectives and adverbs of the content, and index relationships between the nouns based at least in part on the links.
6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the summarization engine to score sentences of a content heuristically, for contents with constituent parts that are sentences, including scoring sentences based at least in part on location, cardinal and indicational heuristics.
7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the summarization engine is to further selectively output the summaries for a user, based at least in part on a point of view of interest to the user.
8. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a recommendation engine coupled with the summarization engine to rank summaries output by the summarization engine, based at least in part on information in a user profile of a user to receive recommendation from the recommendation engine, and recommend content to the user based at least in part on the ranked summaries.
9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the recommendation engine to associate sex, location, age group, content or current keyword based weights to summaries, based at least in part on respective sex, location, age group, content or current keyword information in the user profile of the user to receive recommendation from the recommendation engine, wherein the content information includes content reading behavior information of the user.
10. The apparatus of claim 8 further comprising a user preference learning module to input information used by the recommendation engine into the user profile.
11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the user preference learning module to receive keywords, associate weight to the keywords, based at least in part on user-driven summary, frequency domain, time line domain, or user feedback, and rank the keywords.
12. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the user preference learning module to also provide a summary of user preferences and behavior in the user profile for inclusion with a link to be shared over a social network, via email or text message.
13. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the content processing engine to further selective output the plurality of summaries of the plurality of points of view to a user, including highlighting constituent parts of an output, based at least in part on a point of view of the output.
14. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the content processing engine to further store the plurality of summaries of the plurality of points of view in servers of a content processing cloud environment.
15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the content processing cloud environment to suggest a first user to a second user of a social network based at least in part on common interest inferred from user profiles of the first and second users, wherein the user profiles include content reading behavior information of the first and second users.
16. The apparatus of claim 14, the content processing cloud environment to suggest social media information to a first user of a social network, engaged in a search for information about an interest, based at least in part on information of a plurality of user profiles, wherein the user profiles include content reading behavior information of users.
17. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus is selected one of a smartphone, a phablet, a computing tablet, a laptop computer, a desktop computer or a game console.
18. An apparatus comprising:
a recommendation engine to rank summaries output by a summarization engine, based at least in part on information in a user profile of a user to receive recommendation from the recommendation engine, and recommend content to the user based at least in part on the ranked summaries; wherein the recommendation engine to associate sex, location, age group, content or current keyword based weights to summaries, based at least in part on respective sex, location, age group, content or current keyword information in the user profile of the user to receive recommendation from the recommendation engine, and wherein the content information includes content reading behavior information of the user.
19. The apparatus of claim 18 further comprising a user preference learning module to input information used by the recommendation engine into the user profile.
20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the user preference learning module to receive keywords, associate weight to the keywords, based at least in part on user-driven summary, frequency domain, time line domain, or user feedback, and rank the keywords.
21. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the user preference learning module to also provide a summary of user preferences and behavior in the user profile for inclusion with a link to be shared over a social network, via email or text message.
22. An apparatus, comprising:
a user preference learning module to input information into a user profile of a user to receive recommendations from a recommendation engine, wherein the recommendation engine provides recommendation based at least in part on keyword information in the user profile, wherein the user preference learning module to receive keywords, associate weight to the keywords, based at least in part on user-driven summary, frequency domain, time line domain, or user feedback, and rank the keywords.
23. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the user preference learning module to also provide a summary of user preferences and behavior in the user profile for inclusion with a link to be shared over a social network, via email or text message.
24. An apparatus, comprising:
one or more servers to form a content processing cloud environment to receive a plurality of summaries of the plurality of points of view, from a plurality of content processing engines, and store the plurality of summaries of the plurality of points of view for use by recommendation engines to make content recommendations to users based at least in part on information in user profiles of users to receive recommendation; wherein the content processing cloud environment to further suggest a first user to a second user of a social network based at least in part on common interest inferred from user profiles of the first and second users, wherein the user profiles include content reading behavior information of the first and second users.
25. The apparatus of claim 24, the content processing cloud environment to suggest social media information to a first user of a social network, engaged in a search for information about an interest, based at least in part on information of a plurality of user profiles, wherein the user profiles include content reading behavior information of users.