What is claimed is:
1. A lubricating oil composition comprising:
a) a major amount of a base oil of lubricating viscosity having a kinematic viscosity of 22 to 300 mm2s at 40 C.,
b) 5.0 to 35.0 wt % of an overbased sulfurized alkylphenate detergent,
c) 2.5 to 20.0 wt % of an overbased alkylsulfonate detergent,
d) 0.1 to 3.0 wt % of an ashless dispersant, and
e) 0.1 to 4.0 wt % of a zinc dialkyldithiophosphate or of a zinc diaryldithiophosphate,
wherein the weight ratio between the overbased sulfurized alkylphenate detergent and the overbased alkylsulfonate detergent is in the range of 55:45 to 95:5.
2. The lubricating oil composition according to claim 1, wherein the weight ratio between the overbased sulfurized alkylphenate detergent and the overbased alkylsulfonate detergent is in the range of 60:40 to 90:10.
3. The lubricating oil composition according to claim 1, wherein the overbased sulfurized alkylphenate detergent has a TBN greater than 200.
4. The lubricating oil composition according to claim 1, wherein the overbased alkylsulfonate detergent has a TBN greater than 250.
5. The lubricating oil composition according to claim 1, wherein the ashless dispersant is a succinimide with a polybutenyl group having a molecular weight of 800 to 8,000.
6. The lubricating oil composition according to claim 5, wherein the ashless dispersant is a borated succinimide.
7. A lubricating oil composition comprising:
a) a major amount of a base oil of lubricating viscosity having a kinematic viscosity of 22 to 300 mm2s at 40 C.,
b) 0.4 to 4.0 wt %, based on its calcium content, of an overbased sulfurized calcium alkylphenate detergent,
c) 0.3 to 5.0 wt %, based on its calcium content, of an overbased calcium alkylbenzenesulfonate detergent,
d) 0.001 to 0.1 wt %, based on its nitrogen content, of a nitrogen-containing ashless dispersant, and
e) 0.0075 to 0.3 wt %, based on its phosphorus content, of a zinc dialkyldithiophosphate or of a zinc diaryldithiophosphate,
wherein the weight ratio between the overbased sulfurized calcium alkylphenate detergent and the overbased calcium alkylbenzenesulfonate detergent is in the range of 55:45 to 95:5.
8. The lubricating oil composition according to claim 7, wherein the weight ratio between the overbased sulfurized alkylphenate detergent and the overbased alkylsulfonate detergent is in the range of 60:40 to 90:10.
9. The lubricating oil composition according to claim 7, wherein the overbased sulfurized calcium alkylphenate detergent has a TBN greater than 110.
10. The lubricating oil composition according to claim 7, wherein the overbased calcium alkylbenzenesulfonate detergent has a TBN greater than 120.
11. The lubricating oil composition according to claim 7, wherein the nitrogen-containing ashless dispersant is a succinimide with a polybutenyl group having a molecular weight of 800 to 8,000.
12. The lubricating oil composition according to claim 11, wherein the ashless dispersant is a borated succinimide.
13. A lubricating oil additive concentrate comprising:
a) 1.0 to 50.0 wt % of a compatible organic diluent,
b) 5.0 to 90.0 wt % of an overbased sulfurized alkylphenate detergent,
c) 5.0 to 90.0 wt % of an overbased alkylsulfonate detergent,
d) 0.5 to 50.0 wt % of an ashless dispersant,
e) 0.5 to 20 wt % of a zinc dialkyldithiophosphate or of a zinc diaryldithiophosphate,
wherein the weight ratio between the overbased sulfurized alkylphenate detergent and the overbased alkylsulfonate detergent is in the range of 55:45 to 95:5.
14. The lubricating oil additive concentrate according to claim 13, wherein the weight ratio between the overbased sulfurized alkylphenate detergent and the overbased alkylsulfonate detergent is in the range of 60:40 to 90:10.
15. The lubricating oil additive concentrate according to claim 13, wherein the overbased sulfurized alkylphenate detergent has a TBN greater than 200.
16. The lubricating oil additive concentrate according to claim 13, wherein the overbased alkylsulfonate has a TBN greater than 200.
17. The lubricating oil additive concentrate according to claim 13, wherein the ashless dispersant is a succinimide with a polybutenyl group having a molecular weight of 800 to 8,000.
18. The lubricating oil additive concentrate according to claim 17, wherein the ashless dispersant is a borated succinimide.
19. A lubricating oil additive concentrate comprising:
a) 1.0 to 50.0 wt % of a compatible organic diluent,
b) 0.4 to 9.0 wt %, based on its calcium content, of an overbased sulfurized alkylphenate detergent,
c) 0.6 to 16.0 wt %, based on its calcium content, of an overbased alkylbenzenesulfonate detergent,
d) 0.005 to 1.0 wt %, based on its nitrogen content, of a nitrogen-containing ashless dispersant,
e) 0.005 to 1.5 wt %, based on its phosphorus content, of a zinc dialkyldithiophosphate or of a zinc diaryldithiophosphate,
wherein the weight ratio between the overbased sulfurized alkylphenate detergent and the overbased alkylsulfonate detergent is in the range of 55:45 to 95:5.
20. The lubricating oil additive concentrate according to claim 19, wherein the weight ratio between the overbased sulfurized alkylphenate detergent and the overbased alkylsulfonate detergent is in the range of 60:40 to 90:10.
21. The lubricating oil additive concentrate according to claim 19, wherein the overbased sulfurized calcium alkylphenate detergent has a TBN greater than 200.
22. The lubricating oil additive concentrate according to claim 19, wherein the overbased calcium alkylbenzenesulfonate detergent has a TBN greater than 200.
23. The lubricating oil additive concentrate according to claim 19, wherein the nitrogen-containing ashless dispersant is a succinimide with a polybutenyl group having a molecular weight of 800 to 8,000.
24. The lubricating oil additive concentrate according to claim 23, wherein the ashless dispersant is a borated succinimide.
25. A method of improving the heat stability and anti-wear performance at high temperatures of an internal combustion engine, said method comprising lubricating the internal combustion engine with a lubricating oil composition according to claim 1.
26. A method of improving the heat stability and anti-wear performance at high temperatures of an internal combustion engine according to claim 25, wherein the internal combustion engine is a two-stroke cross-head diesel engine.
27. A method for producing a lubricating oil composition comprising blending the components according to claim 1.
28. A lubricating oil composition produced by the method according to claim 27.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
What is claimed is:
1. An inertia calculating method in a driver including a non-regenerative type power converter and executing velocity control of an electric motor with the use of a mechanical inertia constant, said driver being a converting apparatus for converting an alternating current from an alternating power supply into an alternating current of a variable voltage and a variable frequency, said non-regenerative type power converter including a forward converter for converting said alternating current from said alternating power supply into a direct current, a smoothing capacitor connected to a direct current circuit, and a backward converter for converting said direct current into said alternating current,
said inertia calculating method, comprising the step of:
, when calculating said mechanical inertia,
calculating said mechanical inertia during only a motor acceleration time-period so that a voltage of said smoothing capacitor will not exceed a predetermined value.
2. An inertia calculating method in a driver including a non-regenerative type power converter and executing velocity control of an electric motor with the use of a mechanical inertia constant, said driver being a converting apparatus for converting an alternating current from an alternating power supply into an alternating current of a variable voltage and a variable frequency, said non-regenerative type power converter including a forward converter for converting said alternating current from said alternating power supply into a direct current, a smoothing capacitor connected to a direct current circuit, and a backward converter for converting said direct current into said alternating current,
said inertia calculating method, comprising the steps of:
, when calculating said mechanical inertia,
executing accelerations at a plurality of times at mutually different velocity-changing rates, and
calculating said mechanical inertia from integrated quantities of respective torque proportion signals and velocity-changing widths.
3. The inertia calculating method as claimed in claim 2, wherein, when executing said accelerations, said velocity-changing rates are set so that said motor current will not become larger than a predetermined value.
4. The inertia calculating method as claimed in claim 2, wherein, when executing said accelerations, ddt are set to be smaller than
3(P2)(ML2)(MI*dJ)(Iq(limit)(0)2Iq0)
, where each reference notation denotes the following: ddt said velocity-changing rates, P, motor pole number, M, motor mutual inductance, L2 summation of motor secondary-side leakage inductance and M, Id* magnetic field excitation current instruction, J said mechanical inertia, Iq(limit) predetermined torque current value, motor velocity, 0 rated motor velocity, and, Iq0 rated motor torque current.
5. The inertia calculating method as claimed in claim 2, wherein, when executing said accelerations, a motor velocity at the time when said integrations are terminated is set so that said motor current will not become larger than a predetermined value.
6. The inertia calculating method as claimed in claim 2, wherein, when executing said accelerations, f is set to be smaller than
0{square root}(Iq(limit)ddtJ(3(P2)(ML2)MI*d))Iq0
, where each reference notation denotes the following: ddt said velocity-changing rates, P, motor pole number, M, motor mutual inductance, L2 summation of motor secondary-side leakage inductance and M, Id* magnetic field excitation current instruction, J said mechanical inertia, Iq(limit) predetermined torque current value, f a motor velocity at the time when said integrations are terminated, 0 rated motor velocity, and, Iq0 rated motor torque current.
7. The inertia calculating method as claimed in claim 1, comprising the steps of:
, when executing said accelerations,
executing one acceleration, and thereafter,
bringing said velocity back to said velocity before said one acceleration, and thereafter,
modifying said velocity-changing rate so as to execute a next acceleration.
8. The inertia calculating method as claimed in claim 2, comprising the steps of:
, when executing said accelerations,
executing one acceleration, and thereafter,
bringing said velocity back to said velocity before said one acceleration, and thereafter,
modifying said velocity-changing rate so as to execute a next acceleration.
9. The inertia calculating method as claimed in claim 1, wherein, when executing said accelerations, 1 is equal to 3 and 2 is equal to 4, where each reference notation denotes the following: 1 a velocity at which said integration of said torque proportion signal is started at one acceleration, 2 a velocity at which said integration is terminated, 3 a velocity at which said integration of said torque proportion signal is started at a next acceleration, and, 4 a velocity at which said integration is terminated.
10. The inertia calculating method as claimed in claim 2, wherein, when executing said accelerations, 1 is equal to 3 and 2 is equal to 4, where each reference notation denotes the following: 1 a velocity at which said integration of said torque proportion signal is started at one acceleration, 2 a velocity at which said integration is terminated, 3 a velocity at which said integration of said torque proportion signal is started at a next acceleration, and, 4 a velocity at which said integration is terminated.
11. An electric motor driver, comprising:
a non-regenerative type power converter, and
velocity controlling means for utilizing a mechanical inertia constant so as to execute velocity control of an electric motor, said electric motor driver being a converting apparatus for converting an alternating current from an alternating power supply into an alternating current of a variable voltage and a variable frequency, said non-regenerative type power converter including a forward converter for converting said alternating current from said alternating power supply into a direct current, a smoothing capacitor connected to a direct current circuit, and a backward converter for converting said direct current into said alternating current,
wherein there is provided inertia-identifying means for calculating said mechanical inertia during only a motor acceleration time-period so that a voltage of said smoothing capacitor will not exceed a predetermined value.
12. An electric motor driver, comprising:
a non-regenerative type power converter, and
velocity controlling means for utilizing a mechanical inertia constant so as to execute velocity control of an electric motor, said electric motor driver being a converting apparatus for converting an alternating current from an alternating power supply into an alternating current of a variable voltage and a variable frequency, said non-regenerative type power converter including a forward converter for converting said alternating current from said alternating power supply into a direct current, a smoothing capacitor connected to a direct current circuit, and a backward converter for converting said direct current into said alternating current, wherein there are provided accelerating means for executing accelerations at a plurality of times at mutually different velocity-changing rates, and inertia-identifying means for calculating said mechanical inertia from integrated quantities of respective torque proportion signals and velocity-changing widths.
13. The electric motor driver as claimed in claim 12, wherein, when executing said accelerations, there is provided means for setting said velocity-changing rates so that said motor current will not become larger than a predetermined value.
14. The electric motor driver as claimed in claim 12, wherein, when executing said accelerations, there is provided means for setting ddt to be smaller than
3(P2)(ML2)(MI*dJ)(Iq(limit)(0)2Iq0)
, where each reference notation denotes the following: ddt said velocity-changing rates, P, motor pole number, M, motor mutual inductance, L2 summation of motor secondary-side leakage inductance and M, Id* magnetic field excitation current instruction, J said mechanical inertia, Iq(limit) predetermined torque current value, motor velocity, 0 rated motor velocity, and, Iq0 rated motor torque current.
15. The electric motor driver as claimed in claim 12, wherein, when executing said accelerations, there is provided means for setting a motor velocity at the time when said integrations are terminated so that said motor current will not become larger than a predetermined value.
16. The electric motor driver as claimed in claim 12, wherein, when executing said accelerations, there is provided means for setting f to be smaller than
0{square root}(Iq(limit)ddtJ(3(P2)(ML2)MI*d))Iq0
, where each reference notation denotes the following: ddt said velocity-changing rates, P, motor pole number, M, motor mutual inductance, L2 summation of motor secondary-side leakage inductance and M, Id* magnetic field excitation current instruction, J said mechanical inertia, Iq(limit) predetermined torque current value, f a motor velocity at the time when said integrations are terminated, 0 rated motor velocity, and, Iq0 rated motor torque current.
17. The electric motor driver as claimed in claim 12, wherein, when executing said accelerations, after one acceleration is executed, said velocity is brought back to said velocity before said one acceleration, and thereafter, said velocity-changing rate is modified so as to execute a next acceleration.
18. The electric motor driver as claimed in claim 12, wherein, when executing said accelerations, 1 is equal to 3 and 2 is equal to 4, where each reference notation denotes the following: 1 a velocity at which said integration of said torque proportion signal is started at one acceleration, 2 a velocity at which said integration is terminated, 3 a velocity at which said integration of said torque proportion signal is started at a next acceleration, and, 4 a velocity at which said integration is terminated.
19. An inertia calculating method in a driver including a power converter and executing velocity control of an electric motor with the use of a mechanical inertia constant, said power converter including a forward converter for converting an alternating current from an alternating power supply into a direct current, a smoothing capacitor connected to a direct current circuit, and a backward converter for converting said direct current into an alternating current, said power converter converting said alternating current from said alternating power supply into said alternating current of a variable voltage and a variable frequency,
said inertia calculating method, comprising the steps of:
, when calculating said mechanical inertia from integrated quantities of torque proportion signals and velocity-changing widths at the time of changing a rotation velocity of said electric motor,
executing said accelerations at a plurality of times at mutually different velocity-changing rates, and
calculating said mechanical inertia from said integrated quantities of said respective torque proportion signals and said velocity-changing widths.
20. The inertia calculating method as claimed in claim 19, wherein, when executing said accelerations, said velocity-changing rates are set so that said motor current will not become larger than a predetermined value.
21. The inertia calculating method as claimed in claim 19, wherein, when executing said accelerations, ddt are set to be smaller than
3(P2)(ML2)(MI*dJ)(Iq(limit)(0)2Iq0)
, where each reference notation denotes the following: ddt said velocity-changing rates, P, motor pole number, M, motor mutual inductance, L2 summation of motor secondary-side leakage inductance and M, Id* magnetic field excitation current instruction, j said mechanical inertia, Iq(limit) predetermined torque current value, motor velocity, 0 rated motor velocity, and, Iq0 rated motor torque current.
22. The inertia calculating method as claimed in claim 19, wherein, when executing said accelerations, a motor velocity at the time when said integrations are terminated is set so that said motor current will not become larger than a predetermined value.
23. The inertia calculating method as claimed in claim 19, wherein, when executing said accelerations, f is set to be smaller than
0{square root}(Iq(limit)ddtJ(3(P2)(ML2)MI*d))Iq0
, where each reference notation denotes the following: ddt said velocity-changing rates, P, motor pole number, M, motor mutual inductance, L2 summation of motor secondary-side leakage inductance and M, Id* magnetic field excitation current instruction, J said mechanical inertia, Iq(limit) predetermined torque current value, f a motor velocity at the time when said integrations are terminated, 0 rated motor velocity, and, Iq0 rated motor torque current.
24. The inertia calculating method as claimed in claim 19, comprising the steps of:
, when executing said accelerations,
executing one acceleration, and thereafter,
bringing said velocity back to said velocity before said one acceleration, and thereafter,
modifying said velocity-changing rate so as to execute a next acceleration.
25. The inertia calculating method as claimed in claim 19, wherein, when executing said accelerations, 1 is equal to 3 and 2 is equal to 4, where each reference notation denotes the following: 1 a velocity at which said integration of said torque proportion signal is started at one acceleration, 2 a velocity at which said integration is terminated, 3 a velocity at which said integration of said torque proportion signal is started at a next acceleration, and, 4 a velocity at which said integration is terminated.
26. An electric motor driver, comprising:
a power converter, and
velocity controlling means for utilizing a mechanical inertia constant so as to execute velocity control of an electric motor, said power converter including a forward converter for converting an alternating current from an alternating power supply into a direct current, a smoothing capacitor connected to a direct current circuit, and a backward converter for converting said direct current into an alternating current, said power converter converting said alternating current from said alternating power supply into said alternating current of a variable voltage and a variable frequency,
wherein, when calculating said mechanical inertia from integrated quantities of torque proportion signals and velocity-changing widths at the time of changing a rotation velocity of said electric motor, there are provided accelerating means for executing said accelerations at a plurality of times at mutually different velocity-changing rates, and inertia-calculating means for calculating said mechanical inertia from said integrated quantities of said respective torque proportion signals and said velocity-changing widths.
27. The electric motor driver as claimed in claim 26, wherein, when executing said accelerations, there is provided means for setting said velocity-changing rates so that said motor current will not become larger than a predetermined value.
28. The electric motor driver as claimed in claim 26, wherein, when executing said accelerations, there is provided means for setting ddt to be smaller than
3(P2)(ML2)(MI*dJ)(Iq(limit)(0)2Iq0)
, where each reference notation denotes the following: ddt said velocity-changing rates, P, motor pole number, M, motor mutual inductance, L2 summation of motor secondary-side leakage inductance and M, Id* magnetic field excitation current instruction, J said mechanical inertia, Iq(limit) predetermined torque current value, motor velocity, 0 rated motor velocity, and, Iq0 rated motor torque current.
29. The electric motor driver as claimed in claim 26, wherein, when executing said accelerations, there is provided means for setting a motor velocity at the time when said integrations are terminated so that said motor current will not become larger than a predetermined value.
30. The electric motor driver as claimed in claim 26, wherein, when executing said accelerations, there is provided means for setting f to be smaller than
0{square root}(Iq(limit)-ddtJ(3(P2)(ML2)MI*d))Iq0
, where each reference notation denotes the following: ddt said velocity-changing rates, P, motor pole number, M, motor mutual inductance, L2 summation of motor secondary-side leakage inductance and M, Id* magnetic field excitation current instruction, J said mechanical inertia, Iq(limit) predetermined torque current value, f a motor velocity at the time when said integrations are terminated, 0 rated motor velocity, and, Iq0 rated motor torque current.
31. The electric motor driver as claimed in claim 26, wherein, when executing said accelerations, after one acceleration is executed, said velocity is brought back to said velocity before said one acceleration, and thereafter, said velocity-changing rate is modified so as to execute a next acceleration.
32. The electric motor driver as claimed in claim 26, wherein, when executing said accelerations, 1 is equal to 3 and 2 is equal to 4, where each reference notation denotes the following: 1 a velocity at which said integration of said torque proportion signal is started at one acceleration, 2 a velocity at which said integration is terminated, 3 a velocity at which said integration of said torque proportion signal is started at a next acceleration, and, 4 a velocity at which said integration is terminated.
33. The inertia calculating method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said non-regenerative type power converter or said power converter used for feeding said electric motor has an incoming voltage of 3 kV or more and a capacitance of 100 kVA or more, said non-regenerative type power converter or said power converter being also a high-voltage multiple-inverter including a plurality of unit-cell inverters.
34. The inertia calculating method as claimed in claim 2, wherein said non-regenerative type power converter or said power converter used for feeding said electric motor has an incoming voltage of 3 kV or more and a capacitance of 100 kVA or more, said non-regenerative type power converter or said power converter being also a high-voltage multiple-inverter including a plurality of unit-cell inverters.
35. The inertia calculating method as claimed in claim 19, wherein said non-regenerative type power converter or said power converter used for feeding said electric motor has an incoming voltage of 3 kV or more and a capacitance of 100 kVA or more, said non-regenerative type power converter or said power converter being also a high-voltage multiple-inverter including a plurality of unit-cell inverters.
36. The electric motor driver as claimed in claim 9, wherein said non-regenerative type power converter or said power converter used for feeding said electric motor has an incoming voltage of 3 kV or more and a capacitance of 100 kVA or more, said non-regenerative type power converter or said power converter being also a high-voltage multiple-inverter including a plurality of unit-cell inverters.
37. The electric motor driver as claimed in claim 12, wherein said non-regenerative type power converter or said power converter used for feeding said electric motor has an incoming voltage of 3 kV or more and a capacitance of 100 kVA or more, said non-regenerative type power converter or said power converter being also a high-voltage multiple-inverter including a plurality of unit-cell inverters.
38. The electric motor driver as claimed in claim 26, wherein said non-regenerative type power converter or said power converter used for feeding said electric motor has an incoming voltage of 3 kV or more and a capacitance of 100 kVA or more, said non-regenerative type power converter or said power converter being also a high-voltage multiple-inverter including a plurality of unit-cell inverters.