1. A method for determining a four-dimensional (4D) plan for carrying out intensity-modulated radiation therapy of a target volume having irregular periodic motion with a radiation therapy apparatus, the radiation therapy apparatus comprising a radiation source moveable around the target volume and a collimator with an adjustable aperture for beam forming of a beam of radiation emanating from the radiation source, wherein the irregular periodic motion of the target volume has a plurality of phases with a given phase sequence, for each phase of the plurality of phases, the 4D plan comprises a respective 3D radiation therapy plan that defines a plurality of positions of the radiation source and aperture settings of the collimator assigned to the plurality of positions, the method comprising:
selecting the plurality of positions of the radiation source, the number of positions of the radiation source being selected to be identical in all 3D radiation therapy plans; and
selecting a number of the aperture settings assigned to a respective position of the plurality of positions of the radiation source to be identical in all 3D radiation therapy plans,
wherein a restriction is predetermined, the restriction comprising a geometrical restriction, a temporal restriction, a dynamic restriction, or a combination thereof, the restriction restricting a change of the aperture from one aperture setting to another aperture setting.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the 3D radiation therapy plans are determined such that, for the aperture settings, APi,j,k and APi+1,j,k fulfill the restriction for all i=1, 2, . . . , n\u22121, APi,j,k and APi,j,k+1 fulfill the restriction for all k=1, 2, . . . , w\u22121, and APi+1,j,k+1 fulfill the restriction for all i=1, 2, . . . , n\u22121 and k=1, 2, . . . , w\u22121, or a combination thereof, and
wherein AP represents the aperture settings, i is a radiation therapy plan index and is equal to 1, 2, . . . , n, j is a position index and is equal to 1, 2, . . . , m, and k is an aperture setting index and is equal to 1, 2, . . . w.
3. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the 3D radiation therapy plans are determined such that APi,j,k and AP1+2,j,k fulfill the restriction for all i=1, 2, . . . , n\u22122, APi,j,k und APi,j,k+2 fulfill the restriction for all k=1, 2, . . . , w\u22122, APi,j,k and AP1+2,j,k+2 fulfill the restriction for all i=1, 2, . . . , n\u22122 und k=1, 2, . . . , w\u22122, or a combination thereof.
4. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the 3D radiation therapy plans are determined such that APi,j,k=w and APi+1,j,k=1 fulfill the restriction, and APi=n,j,k=w and APi=1,j,k=1 fulfill the restriction.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the collimator is a multi-leaf collimator with adjustable leaves, and the restriction specifies at least a maximum leaf speed.
6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the 3D radiation therapy plans are determined such that a radiation dose generated in each case by execution of one of the respective 3D radiation therapy plans in the target volume is identical for all 3D radiation therapy plans.
7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the 3D radiation therapy plans are determined such that a radiation dose distribution generated in each case by execution of one of the respective 3D radiation therapy plans in the target volume is identical for all 3D radiation therapy plans.
8. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plurality of phases are determined on the basis of the irregular periodic motion of the target volume such that all phases of the plurality of phases have an identical probability of occurring.
9. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the 3D radiation therapy plans are determined such that APi,j,k=w and APi+1,j,k=1 fulfill the restriction, and APi=n,j,k=w and APi=1,j,k=1 fulfill the restriction.
10. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the collimator is a multi-leaf collimator with adjustable leaves, and the restriction specifies at least a maximum leaf speed.
11. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the collimator is a multi-leaf collimator with adjustable leaves, and the restriction specifies at least a maximum leaf speed.
12. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the collimator is a multi-leaf collimator with adjustable leaves, and the restriction specifies at least a maximum leaf speed.
13. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the 3D radiation therapy plans are determined such that a radiation dose generated in each case by execution of one of the respective 3D radiation therapy plans in the target volume is identical for all 3D radiation therapy plans.
14. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the 3D radiation therapy plans are determined such that a radiation dose generated in each case by execution of one of the respective 3D radiation therapy plans in the target volume is identical for all 3D radiation therapy plans.
15. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the 3D radiation therapy plans are determined such that a radiation dose generated in each case by execution of one of the respective 3D radiation therapy plans in the target volume is identical for all 3D radiation therapy plans.
16. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the 3D radiation therapy plans are determined such that a radiation dose distribution generated in each case by execution of one of the respective 3D radiation therapy plans in the target volume is identical for all 3D radiation therapy plans.
17. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the 3D radiation therapy plans are determined such that a radiation dose distribution generated in each case by execution of one of the respective 3D radiation therapy plans in the target volume is identical for all 3D radiation therapy plans.
18. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the 3D radiation therapy plans are determined such that a radiation dose distribution generated in each case by execution of one of the respective 3D radiation therapy plans in the target volume is identical for all 3D radiation therapy plans.
19. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the plurality of phases are determined on the basis of the irregular periodic motion of the target volume such that all phases of the plurality of phases have an identical probability of occurring.
20. A method for determining a four-dimensional (4D) plan for carrying out intensity-modulated radiation therapy of a target volume having irregular periodic motion with a radiation therapy apparatus, the radiation therapy apparatus comprising a radiation source moveable around the target volume and a collimator with an adjustable aperture for beam forming of a beam of radiation emanating from the radiation source, wherein the irregular periodic motion of the target volume has a plurality of phases with a given phase sequence, for each phase of the plurality of phases, the 4D plan comprises a respective 3D radiation therapy plan that defines a plurality of positions of the radiation source and aperture settings of the collimator assigned to the plurality of positions, the method comprising:
selecting the plurality of positions of the radiation source, the number of positions of the radiation source being selected to be identical in all 3D radiation therapy plans; and
selecting a number of the aperture settings assigned to a respective position of the plurality of positions of the radiation source to be identical in all 3D radiation therapy plans,
wherein a restriction is predetermined, the restriction comprising a geometrical restriction, a temporal restriction, a dynamic restriction, or a combination thereof, the restriction restricting a change of the aperture from one aperture setting to another aperture setting,
wherein the 3D radiation therapy plans are determined such that, for the aperture settings, APi,j,k and APi+1,j,k fulfill the restriction for all i=1, 2, . . . , n\u22121, APi,j,k and APi,j,k+1 fulfill the restriction for all k=1, 2, . . . , w\u22121, APi,j,k and APi+1,j,k+1 fulfill the restriction for all i=1, 2, . . . , n\u22121 and k=1, 2, . . . , w\u22121, or a combination thereof, and
wherein AP represents the aperture settings, i is a radiation therapy plan index and is equal to 1, 2, . . . , n, j is a position index and is equal to 1, 2, . . . , m, and k is an aperture setting index and is equal to 1, 2, . . . w.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. Inverter (1) for thin, flat product (2), especially printing substrates in a printing machine with belts (7, 8) positioned over two deflection pulleys (3, 4, 5, 6) that are together set at 180 between the deflection pulleys (3, 4, 5, 6), characterized by the fact that, viewed in the transport direction (9), after setting region (10) at least three guide rolls (11, 12, 13) are mounted on the supporting strand side (7, 8) of belt (7, 8) in alternating arrangement and at least one of the guide rolls (11, 12, 13) has a retaining collar (14) on at least one side.
2. Inverter according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that a retaining collar (14) is situated on the side (15) on which the outer edge (16) of product (2) moves upward after the setting region (10).
3. Inverter according to claim 2, characterized by the fact that the second upper guide roll (13) after the setting region (10) has a retaining collar (14).
4. Inverter according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized by the fact that after the setting region (10) two upper (11, 13) and one lower guide roll (12) are arranged.
5. Inverter according to one of the claims 1 to 4, characterized by the fact that guide rolls (11, 12, 13) lie against the belt (7, 8) so that they are deflected from the linear direction (25).
6. Inverter according to one of the claims 1 to 5, characterized by the fact that at least one guide roll (18) is also arranged in or before the setting region (10).
7. Inverter according to claim 6, characterized by the fact that guide roll (18) is arranged beneath the supporting strand sides (7, 8) of belts (7, 8).
8. Inverter according to one of the claims 1 to 7, characterized by the fact that at least one guide device (19, 20, 21) is arranged that guides the product (2) on at least one outer side (16, 16).
9. Inverter according to claim 8, characterized by the fact that guide device (19) to guide the outer edge (16) that moves downward after the setting region (10) is arranged).
10. Inverter according to claim 8 or 9, characterized by the fact that a guide device (19) is designed so that it lifts the outer edge (16) to zenith.
11. Inverter according to one of the claims 8 to 10, characterized by the fact that a guide device (20) is provided which lifts the upward moving edge (16) on the horizontal plane toward the end of inversion.
12. Inverter according to one of the claims 8 to 11, characterized by the fact that guide device (21) is arranged that supports the downward moving edge (16) in the horizontal plane toward the end of inversion.
13. Inverter according to one of the claims 1 to 12, characterized by the fact that the belts (7, 8) are designed as V belts.
14. Inverter according to one of the claims 1 to 13, characterized by the fact that the deflection pulleys (3, 4, 5, 6) are equipped with retaining collars (14) on both sides at least where they serve as guide rolls.
15. Inverter according to one of the claims 1 to 14, characterized by the fact that the retaining collars (14) are designed freely rotatable relative to rolls (3, 4, 5, 6, 11, 12, 13, 18, 24).
16. Inverter according to one of the claims 1 to 15, characterized by the fact that the angle () of the retaining surfaces (22) of retaining collars (14) is adjusted to the angular position () for flanks (23) of belts (17, 18) at the location of the corresponding roll (3, 4, 5, 6, 11, 12, 13, 18 or 24).
17. Inverter according to one of the claims 1 to 16, characterized by the fact that at least one additional path-holding roll (24) is arranged for belts (7, 8).
18. Inverter according to claim 16, characterized by the fact that the at least path-holding roll (24) has retaining collars (14) on both sides.
19. Inverter according to claim 17 or 18, characterized by the fact that at least path-holding roll (24) is arranged on the product guiding strand sides (7, 8) of belts (7, 8).
20. Inverter according to claim 17, 18 or 19, characterized by the fact that at least one path-holding roll (24) is arranged on the return side (7, 8) of belts (7, 8).